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In this text, Robert Lewis charts the city's decline since the 1920s and describes the early development of Chicago's famed (and reviled) growth machine. Beginning in the 1940s, downtown business interest, financial institutions, and real estate groups, place-dependent organisations in Chicago implemented several industrial renewal initiatives with the dual purpose of stopping factory closings and attracting new firms in order to turn blighted property into modern industrial sites. At the same time, a more powerful coalition sought to adapt the urban fabric to appeal to middle-class consumption and residential living. As Lewis shows, the two aims were never well integrated, and the result was on-going disinvestment and the inexorable decline of Chicago's industrial space. By the 1950s, it was evident that the early incarnation of the growth machine had failed to maintain Chicago's economic centre in industry.

Industrialization --- City planning --- History --- Chicago (Ill.) --- Economic conditions --- Urban redevelopment in Chicago, Industrial decline and central-city job loss, Growth coalitions and urban renewa, Industrial property relations and public-private interaction, industrial suburbanization.

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Losing a job has always been understood as one of the most important causes of downward social mobility in modern societies. And it's only gotten worse in recent years, as the weakening position of workers has made returning to the labor market even tougher. The Impact of Losing Your Job builds on findings from life course sociology to show clearly just what effects job loss has on income, family life, and future prospects. Key to Martin Ehlert's analysis is a comparative look at the United States and Germany that enables him to show how different approaches to welfare state policies can ameliorate the effects of job loss-- but can at the same time make labor insecurity more common.-- Provided by Publisher.

E-books --- Unemployment --- Economic security --- Well-being --- Welfare (Personal well-being) --- Wellbeing --- Quality of life --- Happiness --- Health --- Wealth --- Joblessness --- Employment (Economic theory) --- Full employment policies --- Labor supply --- Manpower policy --- Right to labor --- Underemployment --- Social aspects. --- Security, Economic --- Economic policy --- Social policy --- Welfare economics --- Job loss --- Life Course --- Economic insecurity --- Welfare State --- Family income support

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This paper examines the effect of the financial crisis on off-farm employment of China's rural labor force. Using a national representative data set collected from across China, the paper finds that there was a substantial impact. By April 2009 the reduction in off-farm employment as a result of the crises was 6.8 percent of the rural labor force. Monthly earnings also declined. However, while it is estimated that 49 million were laid-off between October 2008 and April 2009, half of them were re-hired in off-farm work by April 2009. By August 2009, less than 2 percent of the rural labor force was unemployed due to the crisis. The robust recovery appears to have helped avoid instability.

Agriculture --- Crops & Crop Management Systems --- Earning --- Economic shocks --- Education --- Employment --- Employment history --- Employment rate --- Employment rates --- Employment status --- Income distributions --- Job loss --- Jobs --- Labor force --- Labor market --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Migrant labor --- Public services --- Rural labor --- Rural workers --- Social Protections and Labor --- Tertiary Education --- Unemployed --- Unemployment --- Work & Working Conditions --- Workers

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How did Britain transform itself from a nation of workhouses to one that became a model for the modern welfare state? The Winding Road to the Welfare State investigates the evolution of living standards and welfare policies in Britain from the 1830s to 1950 and provides insights into how British working-class households coped with economic insecurity. George Boyer examines the retrenchment in Victorian poor relief, the Liberal Welfare Reforms, and the beginnings of the postwar welfare state, and he describes how workers altered spending and saving methods based on changing government policies.From the cutting back of the Poor Law after 1834 to Parliament's abrupt about-face in 1906 with the adoption of the Liberal Welfare Reforms, Boyer offers new explanations for oscillations in Britain's social policies and how these shaped worker well-being. The Poor Law's increasing stinginess led skilled manual workers to adopt self-help strategies, but this was not a feasible option for low-skilled workers, many of whom continued to rely on the Poor Law into old age. In contrast, the Liberal Welfare Reforms were a major watershed, marking the end of seven decades of declining support for the needy. Concluding with the Beveridge Report and Labor's social policies in the late 1940s, Boyer shows how the Liberal Welfare Reforms laid the foundations for a national social safety net.A sweeping look at economic pressures after the Industrial Revolution, The Winding Road to the Welfare State illustrates how British welfare policy waxed and waned over the course of a century.

Public welfare --- Welfare state --- History. --- Great Britain --- Great Britain. --- Social policy. --- 1905 Unemployed Workmen Act. --- Beveridge Report. --- British social policy. --- British social welfare policy. --- British welfare policy. --- Crusade Against Outrelief. --- Liberal Welfare Reforms. --- National Health Service. --- Poor Law. --- Victorian poor relief. --- charity. --- economic dislocations. --- economic insecurity. --- economic loss. --- family support. --- financial distress. --- friendly societies. --- income loss. --- industrial capitalism. --- job loss. --- living standards. --- manual workers. --- old age pauperism. --- old age. --- older workers. --- outdoor relief. --- poor relief. --- poverty. --- self-help. --- sickness. --- social income. --- social insurance regime. --- social policies. --- social policy. --- social safety net. --- social security system. --- social welfare policies. --- social welfare policy. --- social welfare protection. --- social welfare. --- underemployed laborers. --- unemployment relief. --- unemployment. --- unions. --- welfare policy. --- welfare reforms. --- welfare state. --- work relief. --- workers. --- workhouse. --- working-class behavior. --- working-class households.