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In this thoughtful and penetrating study, Sara Raup Johnson investigates the creation of historical fictions in a wide range of Hellenistic Jewish texts. Surveying so-called Jewish novels, including the Letter of Aristeas, 2 Maccabees, Esther, Daniel, Judith, Tobit, Josephus's account of Alexander's visit to Jerusalem and of the Tobiads, Artapanus, and Joseph and Aseneth, she demonstrates that the use of historical fiction in these texts does not constitute a uniform genre. Instead it cuts across all boundaries of language, provenance, genre, and even purpose. Johnson argues that each author uses historical fiction to construct a particular model of Hellenistic Jewish identity through the reinvention of the past. The models of identity differ, but all seek to explore relations between Jews and the wider non-Jewish world. The author goes on to present a focal in-depth analysis of one text, Third Maccabees. Maintaining that this is a late Hellenistic, not a Roman, work Johnson traces important themes in Third Maccabees within a broader literary context. She evaluates the evidence for the authorship, audience, and purpose of the work and analyzes the historicity of the persecution described in the narrative. Illustrating how the author reinvents history in order to construct his own model for life in the diaspora, Johnson weighs the attitudes and stances, from defiance to assimilation, of this crucial period.

Historical fiction --- Jews --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History and criticism. --- Identity --- History --- Third Book of Maccabees --- Bible. --- 3 Maccabees (Apocryphal book) --- Maccabaeorum liber tertius --- 3rd Maccabees (Apocryphal book) --- Third Maccabees (Apocryphal book) --- Criticism, interpretation, etc. --- Jews in literature --- Juifs --- Roman historique --- Juifs dans la littérature --- Histoire --- Identité --- Histoire et critique --- 2 maccabees. --- acculturation. --- alienation. --- anti semitism. --- artapanus. --- assimilation. --- belonging. --- daniel. --- diaspora. --- esther. --- exile. --- genre studies. --- hellenistic judaism. --- historical adaptation. --- historical fiction. --- homeland. --- jewish fiction. --- jewish identity. --- jewish literature. --- jewish migration. --- jewish novels. --- jewish world. --- jews and gentiles. --- joseph and aseneth. --- josephus. --- judaica. --- judaism. --- judith. --- late hellenism. --- letter of aristeas. --- literary criticism. --- literary theory. --- persecution. --- religious difference. --- third maccabees. --- tobiads. --- tobit.

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The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, first published in Russia around 1905, claimed to be the captured secret protocols from the first Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897 describing a plan by the Jewish people to achieve global domination. While the document has been proven to be fake, much of it plagiarized from satirical anti-Semitic texts, it had a major impact throughout Europe during the first half of the 20th century, particularly in Germany. After World War II, the text was further denounced. Anyone who referred to it as a genuine document was seen as an ignorant hate-monger.Yet there is abundant evidence that The Protocols is resurfacing in many places. The Paranoid Apocalypse re-examines the text’s popularity, investigating why it has persisted, as well as larger questions about the success of conspiracy theories even in the face of claims that they are blatantly counterfactual and irrational. It considers the medieval pre-history of The Protocols, the conditions of its success in the era of early twentieth-century secular modernity, and its post-Holocaust avatars, from the Muslim world to Walmart and Left-wing anti-American radicalism. Contributors argue that the key to The Protocols’ longevity is an apocalyptic paranoia that lays the groundwork not only for the myth’s popularity, but for its implementation as a vehicle for genocide and other brutal acts.The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, first published in Russia around 1905, claimed to be the captured secret protocols from the first Zionist Congress in Basel in 1897 describing a plan by the Jewish people to achieve global domination. While the document has been proven to be fake, much of it plagiarized from satirical anti-Semitic texts, it had a major impact throughout Europe during the first half of the 20th century, particularly in Germany. After World War II, the text was further denounced. Anyone who referred to it as a genuine document was seen as an ignorant hate-monger.Yet there is abundant evidence that The Protocols is resurfacing in many places. The Paranoid Apocalypse re-examines the text’s popularity, investigating why it has persisted, as well as larger questions about the success of conspiracy theories even in the face of claims that they are blatantly counterfactual and irrational. It considers the medieval pre-history of The Protocols, the conditions of its success in the era of early twentieth-century secular modernity, and its post-Holocaust avatars, from the Muslim world to Walmart and Left-wing anti-American radicalism. Contributors argue that the key to The Protocols’ longevity is an apocalyptic paranoia that lays the groundwork not only for the myth’s popularity, but for its implementation as a vehicle for genocide and other brutal acts.

Antisemitism. --- Anti-Jewish attitudes --- Anti-Semitism --- Ethnic relations --- Prejudices --- Philosemitism --- Protocols of the wise men of Zion. --- Zion, Protocols of the wise men of --- Elders of Zion, Protocols of --- Protocols of the elders of Zion --- Protocols of the learned elders of Zion --- Protocols of the meetings of the Zionist men of wisdom --- Brūtūkūlāt ḥukamāʼ Ṣihyūn --- Protocolos de los sabios de Sión --- Protocoles des sages de Sion --- "Protocoalele" înțelepților Sionului --- Protocolli dei savi di Sion --- Protokoly sionskikh mudret︠s︡ov --- Протоколы сионских мудрецов --- Protokoly sobraniĭ sionskikh mudret︠s︡ov --- Протоколы собраний сионских мудрецов --- Protocols of the sages of Zion --- Protocols of Zion --- Protokolle der Weisen von Zion --- Sīonskīe protokoly --- Сіонскіе протоколы --- paranoid politics --- apocalyptic violence --- the Melian dialogue --- the paranoid imperative --- paranoia and violence --- cosmic Christian anxiety --- global modern paranoia --- the Protocols of the Elders of Zion --- Thomas of Monmouth --- the Protocols of the Sages of Narbonne --- Genesis --- the Antichrist --- Sergei Nilus --- Jewish world conspiracy --- secular religions --- Palestinian authority ideology --- anti-semitism --- UFO-subculture --- conspiracism --- American political discourse --- Jewish self-criticism