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The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is known to be a pest of significant economic importance and is widely dispersed in Chile. Nowadays, the pest management is oriented to a limited utilisation of synthetic insecticides and by this way avoid the development of insect resistances. There are many alternatives to achieve this objective such as the biological control. The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil organism that increase rates of plant growth but which can also have an effect of biological control on pest insects. The objective of this thesis is to assess if the PGPR-induced plant defence’s has an effect on different APA populations (Acyrthosiphon pisum with alfalfa host-plant). The population parameters, and the feeding behaviour were studied. Moreover, the plant responses were also measured (hormone profile analysis, and photosynthesis and morphological parameters). For all the experiments, broad bean (Vicia faba L.) plants were previously inoculated with the PGPR Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42. Seven-days inoculated plants were infested with the two clones of APA, different between them by the occurrence of the secondary endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. At the end of all experiments, it was highlighted that the aphid without the secondary endosymbiont seems to be negatively impacted by the PGPR. Contrary, the clone with the endosymbiont seems to be, in a first time, favoured by this Bacillus but this effect did not remain until the end of the experiment.

electropenetrography, EPG, induced systemic resistance, ISR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, IAA --- Sciences du vivant > Entomologie & lutte antiravageur

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The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivative, an amino acid conjugate of JA (jasmonoyl isoleucine, JA-Ile), are signaling compounds involved in the regulation of defense and development in plants. The number of articles studying on JA has dramatically increased since the 1990s. JA is recognized as a stress hormone that regulates the plant response to biotic stresses such as herbivore and pathogen attacks, as well as abiotic stresses such as wounding and ultraviolet radiation. Recent studies have remarkably progressed the understanding of the importance of JA in the life cycle of plants. JA is directly involved in many physiological processes, including stamen growth, senescence, and root growth. JA regulates production of various metabolites such as phytoalexins and terpenoids. Many regulatory proteins involved in JA signaling have been identified by screening for Arabidopsis mutants. However, much more remains to be learned about JA signaling in other plant species. This Special Issue, “Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Plants”, contains 5 review and 15 research articles published by field experts. These articles will help with understanding the crucial roles of JA in its response to the several environmental stresses and development in plants.

transcription factor --- n/a --- ectopic metaxylem --- elicitor --- methyl jasmonate --- salicylic acid --- multiseeded --- Panax ginseng --- tea --- heterotrimeric G proteins --- Chinese flowering cabbage --- biosynthesis --- endocytosis --- jasmonic acid signaling --- MutMap --- JA-Ile --- gibberellic acid --- nitric oxide --- abiotic stresses --- MAP kinase --- light-sensitive --- transcriptional activation --- TIFY --- JAZ repressors --- JA --- gene expression --- environmental response --- xylogenesis --- priming --- jasmonate --- circadian clock --- phylogenetic analysis --- chloroplast --- Pogostemon cablin --- albino --- antioxidant enzyme activity --- stress --- Jas domain --- Zea mays --- auxin --- PatJAZ6 --- rice bacterial blight --- Tuscan varieties --- leaf senescence --- degron --- plant development --- Camellia sinensis --- AtRGS1 --- Prunus avium --- msd --- dammarenediol synthase --- sorghum --- jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway --- biological function --- ABA biosynthesis --- MYB transcription factor --- ethylene --- secondary metabolite --- cytokinin --- Nicotiana plants --- grain development --- grain number --- opr3 --- stress defense --- diffusion dynamics --- proline --- crosstalk --- ROS --- bioinformatics --- adventitious rooting --- ginsenoside --- jasmonates --- quantitative proteomics --- signaling --- signal molecules --- MeJA --- hypocotyl --- lipoxygenase --- jasmonic acid --- ancestral sequences --- proteomics --- Ralstonia solanacearum --- Jasmonate-ZIM domain --- signaling pathway --- patchouli alcohol --- volatile --- rice --- ectopic protoxylem --- chlorophyll fluorescence imaging --- type III effector --- fatty acid desaturase --- salt response --- transcriptional regulators --- aroma

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This eBook focuses on current progress in understanding the role of chromatin structure, its modifications and remodeling in developmental and physiological processes. Eukaryotic genomes are packed into the supramolecular nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. Therefore, our understanding of processes such as DNA replication and repair, transcription, and cell differentiation requires an understanding of the structure and function of chromatin. While the nucleotide sequence of the DNA component of chromatin constitutes the genetic material of the cell, the other chromatin components (and also modifications of bases in the DNA itself) participate in so-called epigenetic processes. These processes are essential, e.g., in ontogenesis or adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, epigenetics is particularly important (and elaborated) in plants that show a high developmental plasticity and, as sessile organisms, display an enormous capacity to cope with environmental stress. In these processes, epigenetic mechanisms show a crosstalk with plant signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and redox components. You are welcome to read examples of current research and review articles in this hot research topic.

auxin --- chromatin remodeling factor --- cuticular wax --- drought tolerance --- epigenetic regulation --- leaf width --- histone modification --- narrow leaf --- OsCHR4 --- rice --- 3D-FISH --- barley --- chromatin --- hybrid --- introgression --- nucleus --- rye --- wheat --- chromatin remodeling --- INO80/SWR1 complexes --- NuA4 complex --- histone variant H2A.Z --- gene regulation --- plant development --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- epigenetics --- histone --- mass spectrometry --- post-translational modifications --- sodium butyrate --- trichostatin A --- Swi3-like proteins --- gene expression --- protein interaction --- leaf development --- tomato --- Arabidopsis --- KNL2 --- kinetochores --- RNA-seq --- centromere --- SWI3C --- SWI/SNF --- cold response --- ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling --- transcriptional control of gene expression --- circRNAs --- jasmonic acid --- GO enrichment --- miRNA decoys --- epigenetic modifications --- DNA methylation --- redox regulation --- reactive oxygen species --- nitric oxide --- antioxidants --- circular chromosome conformation capture --- genome architecture --- T-DNA --- transgenic --- chromosomal rearrangements --- synthetic biology --- n/a

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Plants possess a rather complex and efficient immune system. During their evolutionary history, plants have developed various defense strategies in order to recognize and distinguishing between self and non-self, and face pathogens and animal pests. Accordingly, to study the plant innate immunity represents a new frontier in the plant pathology and crop protection fields. This book is structured in 6 sections. The first part introduces some basic and general aspects of the plant innate immunity and crop protection. Sections 2–5 focus on fungal and oomycete diseases (section 2), bacterial and phytoplasma diseases (section 3), virus diseases (section 4), and insect pests (section 5), with a number of case studies and plant–pathogen/pest interactions. The last section deals with plant disease detection and control. The book aims to highlight new trends in these relevant areas of plant sciences, providing a global perspective that is useful for future and innovative ideas.

Bakraee --- tomato gray mold --- Citrus sinensis --- CDPKs --- salicylic acid --- calmodulin --- glycerol-3-phosphate --- biotic stress responses --- negative regulator --- rice blast --- metabolomics --- hydroperoxide lyase --- Bromoviridae --- induced defense responses --- leaf transcriptome --- calcium signature --- “Candidatus Liberibacter” --- garden impatiens --- Chilo suppressalis --- plant defence --- plant–virus interactions --- spectral distribution of light --- Magnaporthe oryzae --- plant-virus interaction --- biological control --- ultrastructure --- pathogenicity --- disease resistance --- Potato virus Y --- symbiosis --- N-hydroxypipecolic acid --- VaHAESA --- priming --- plant–microbe interactions --- systemic and local movement --- immunity --- CaWRKY40b --- plant protection products --- hypersensitive response --- cellulose synthase --- herbivore-induced defense response --- Macrosiphum euphorbiae --- RTNLB --- ISR --- RNA silencing --- herbivore-induced plant defenses --- disease management --- sustainable crop protection --- WRKY networks --- Camellia sinensis --- RNA-Seq --- transcriptional modulation --- ETI --- pathogenesis related-protein 2 --- cell wall --- basal defense --- candidate disease resistance gene --- MTI --- grapevine --- defense-related signaling pathways --- wounding --- ethylene --- CMLs --- Prune dwarf virus --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- SAR signalling --- innate immunity --- agrochemicals --- OsGID1 --- Nilaparvata lugens --- tobacco --- tomato leaf mold --- Solanum lycopersicum --- downy mildew --- pipecolic acid --- chemical elicitors --- bismerthiazol --- pre-conditioning --- gibberellin --- “Candidatus Phytoplasma” --- dieback --- CaWRKY22 --- microbiota --- Sogatella furcifera --- PTI --- SAR --- Bacillus subtilis --- PRRs --- aphid resistance --- methyl salicylate --- regurgitant --- Myzus persicae --- Agrobacterium --- Ectropis obliqua --- Capsicum annuum --- polyphenol oxidase --- plant proteases --- plant immunity --- jasmonic acid --- calcium --- light dependent signalling --- Ralstonia solanacearum --- proteomics --- plant defense response --- Arabidopsis --- Lasiodiplodia theobromae --- azelaic acid --- citrus decline disease --- New Guinea impatiens --- replication process --- rice --- mango --- ?-3 fatty acid desaturase --- Ralstonia Solanacearum --- food security --- iTRAQ --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 4

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Plants possess a rather complex and efficient immune system. During their evolutionary history, plants have developed various defense strategies in order to recognize and distinguishing between self and non-self, and face pathogens and animal pests. Accordingly, to study the plant innate immunity represents a new frontier in the plant pathology and crop protection fields. This book is structured in 6 sections. The first part introduces some basic and general aspects of the plant innate immunity and crop protection. Sections 2–5 focus on fungal and oomycete diseases (section 2), bacterial and phytoplasma diseases (section 3), virus diseases (section 4), and insect pests (section 5), with a number of case studies and plant–pathogen/pest interactions. The last section deals with plant disease detection and control. The book aims to highlight new trends in these relevant areas of plant sciences, providing a global perspective that is useful for future and innovative ideas.

Bakraee --- tomato gray mold --- Citrus sinensis --- CDPKs --- salicylic acid --- calmodulin --- glycerol-3-phosphate --- biotic stress responses --- negative regulator --- rice blast --- metabolomics --- hydroperoxide lyase --- Bromoviridae --- induced defense responses --- leaf transcriptome --- calcium signature --- “Candidatus Liberibacter” --- garden impatiens --- Chilo suppressalis --- plant defence --- plant–virus interactions --- spectral distribution of light --- Magnaporthe oryzae --- plant-virus interaction --- biological control --- ultrastructure --- pathogenicity --- disease resistance --- Potato virus Y --- symbiosis --- N-hydroxypipecolic acid --- VaHAESA --- priming --- plant–microbe interactions --- systemic and local movement --- immunity --- CaWRKY40b --- plant protection products --- hypersensitive response --- cellulose synthase --- herbivore-induced defense response --- Macrosiphum euphorbiae --- RTNLB --- ISR --- RNA silencing --- herbivore-induced plant defenses --- disease management --- sustainable crop protection --- WRKY networks --- Camellia sinensis --- RNA-Seq --- transcriptional modulation --- ETI --- pathogenesis related-protein 2 --- cell wall --- basal defense --- candidate disease resistance gene --- MTI --- grapevine --- defense-related signaling pathways --- wounding --- ethylene --- CMLs --- Prune dwarf virus --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- SAR signalling --- innate immunity --- agrochemicals --- OsGID1 --- Nilaparvata lugens --- tobacco --- tomato leaf mold --- Solanum lycopersicum --- downy mildew --- pipecolic acid --- chemical elicitors --- bismerthiazol --- pre-conditioning --- gibberellin --- “Candidatus Phytoplasma” --- dieback --- CaWRKY22 --- microbiota --- Sogatella furcifera --- PTI --- SAR --- Bacillus subtilis --- PRRs --- aphid resistance --- methyl salicylate --- regurgitant --- Myzus persicae --- Agrobacterium --- Ectropis obliqua --- Capsicum annuum --- polyphenol oxidase --- plant proteases --- plant immunity --- jasmonic acid --- calcium --- light dependent signalling --- Ralstonia solanacearum --- proteomics --- plant defense response --- Arabidopsis --- Lasiodiplodia theobromae --- azelaic acid --- citrus decline disease --- New Guinea impatiens --- replication process --- rice --- mango --- ?-3 fatty acid desaturase --- Ralstonia Solanacearum --- food security --- iTRAQ --- mitogen-activated protein kinase 4