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This book discusses the mechanical and opto-electronic design of laser spectrometers for measuring two very important atmospheric gases, namely water vapor and its isotopic ratios, and formaldehyde. For measuring water vapor, shot-noise limited sensitivity has been achieved by a careful choice of system components and data processing. For measuring formaldehyde, a selective sample modulation exploiting the Stark effect has been used to greatly improve the sensitivity.
Water Isotopic Ratio --- Diode Laser --- Laser Spectroscopy --- Formaldehyde --- Stark Effect
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Wine traceability is a central theme in the current world market where consumers are increasingly demanding the quality and origin of food and drink. The wine production chain and wine composition are generally controlled by different laws (International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), European Union (EU), and national governments) and need specific documentation. Nevertheless, wine production is subject to fraud. Consequently, the improvement of the methods applied to verify the origin and quality of wines is very important to protect wine consumers and producers. In this book, eight different papers—six research papers and two reviews—address the topic from different points of view.
87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio --- high-resolution mass spectrometry --- polyphenols --- n/a --- red wine --- Primitivo --- data mining --- rare earth elements --- Amarone --- Raboso --- Tannat wines --- geological material --- vinification --- soil particle size --- metabolomics --- isotopes --- wine classification --- geographical origin --- fingerprinting --- feature selection --- wine authenticity --- support vector machines --- grapevine varietal identification and discrimination --- authenticity --- grape --- traceability --- IRMS --- Recioto --- geographical traceability --- geographic origin --- NMR --- sensory analyses --- Negro Amaro --- Chianti Classico wine --- ICP-MS --- markers --- multi-element composition --- wine --- bio-geochemical strategy
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Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- laser flow meter --- Pitot tube --- flow speed --- time of flight --- dilution method --- flow simulation --- flow turbulence --- gas sensing applications --- MEMS --- gas sensor --- photoacoustics --- cantilever --- capacitive detection --- analytic model --- infrared imaging --- multispectral and hyperspectral imaging --- air pollution monitoring --- remote sensing and sensors --- spectroscopy --- fourier transform --- image processing --- laser gas analyzer --- flux measurement --- eddy covariance method --- derivative absorption spectroscopy --- gas sensors --- antiresonant hollow core fibers --- laser spectroscopy --- wavelength modulation spectroscopy --- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- photoacoustic spectroscopy --- fiber gas sensors --- mid-infrared --- quantum cascade detector --- high-speed operation --- heterodyne detection --- high-resolution spectroscopy --- isotopic ratio --- frequency comb --- Vernier spectroscopy --- refractometry --- pressure --- short-term performance --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- gas modulation --- modulation techniques --- metrology --- integrated sensors --- waveguides --- absorption spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- gas sensing --- femtosecond laser micromachining --- microchannel fabrication --- microstructured fibers --- photoacoustic --- pressure transducer --- wafer-level --- CO2 --- combined NIR/MIR laser absorption --- laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber --- simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements
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Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.
laser flow meter --- Pitot tube --- flow speed --- time of flight --- dilution method --- flow simulation --- flow turbulence --- gas sensing applications --- MEMS --- gas sensor --- photoacoustics --- cantilever --- capacitive detection --- analytic model --- infrared imaging --- multispectral and hyperspectral imaging --- air pollution monitoring --- remote sensing and sensors --- spectroscopy --- fourier transform --- image processing --- laser gas analyzer --- flux measurement --- eddy covariance method --- derivative absorption spectroscopy --- gas sensors --- antiresonant hollow core fibers --- laser spectroscopy --- wavelength modulation spectroscopy --- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- photoacoustic spectroscopy --- fiber gas sensors --- mid-infrared --- quantum cascade detector --- high-speed operation --- heterodyne detection --- high-resolution spectroscopy --- isotopic ratio --- frequency comb --- Vernier spectroscopy --- refractometry --- pressure --- short-term performance --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- gas modulation --- modulation techniques --- metrology --- integrated sensors --- waveguides --- absorption spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- gas sensing --- femtosecond laser micromachining --- microchannel fabrication --- microstructured fibers --- photoacoustic --- pressure transducer --- wafer-level --- CO2 --- combined NIR/MIR laser absorption --- laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber --- simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements
Choose an application
Optical gas sensing is one of the fastest developing research areas in laser spectroscopy. Continuous development of new coherent light sources operating especially in the Mid-IR spectral band (QCL—Quantum Cascade Lasers, ICL—Interband Cascade Lasers, OPO—Optical Parametric Oscillator, DFG—Difference Frequency Generation, optical frequency combs, etc.) stimulates new, sophisticated methods and technological solutions in this area. The development of clever techniques in gas detection based on new mechanisms of sensing (photoacoustic, photothermal, dispersion, etc.) supported by advanced applied electronics and huge progress in signal processing allows us to introduce more sensitive, broader-band and miniaturized optical sensors. Additionally, the substantial development of fast and sensitive photodetectors in MIR and FIR is of great support to progress in gas sensing. Recent material and technological progress in the development of hollow-core optical fibers allowing low-loss transmission of light in both Near- and Mid-IR has opened a new route for obtaining the low-volume, long optical paths that are so strongly required in laser-based gas sensors, leading to the development of a novel branch of laser-based gas detectors. This Special Issue summarizes the most recent progress in the development of optical sensors utilizing novel materials and laser-based gas sensing techniques.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- laser flow meter --- Pitot tube --- flow speed --- time of flight --- dilution method --- flow simulation --- flow turbulence --- gas sensing applications --- MEMS --- gas sensor --- photoacoustics --- cantilever --- capacitive detection --- analytic model --- infrared imaging --- multispectral and hyperspectral imaging --- air pollution monitoring --- remote sensing and sensors --- spectroscopy --- fourier transform --- image processing --- laser gas analyzer --- flux measurement --- eddy covariance method --- derivative absorption spectroscopy --- gas sensors --- antiresonant hollow core fibers --- laser spectroscopy --- wavelength modulation spectroscopy --- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- photoacoustic spectroscopy --- fiber gas sensors --- mid-infrared --- quantum cascade detector --- high-speed operation --- heterodyne detection --- high-resolution spectroscopy --- isotopic ratio --- frequency comb --- Vernier spectroscopy --- refractometry --- pressure --- short-term performance --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- gas modulation --- modulation techniques --- metrology --- integrated sensors --- waveguides --- absorption spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- gas sensing --- femtosecond laser micromachining --- microchannel fabrication --- microstructured fibers --- photoacoustic --- pressure transducer --- wafer-level --- CO2 --- combined NIR/MIR laser absorption --- laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber --- simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements --- laser flow meter --- Pitot tube --- flow speed --- time of flight --- dilution method --- flow simulation --- flow turbulence --- gas sensing applications --- MEMS --- gas sensor --- photoacoustics --- cantilever --- capacitive detection --- analytic model --- infrared imaging --- multispectral and hyperspectral imaging --- air pollution monitoring --- remote sensing and sensors --- spectroscopy --- fourier transform --- image processing --- laser gas analyzer --- flux measurement --- eddy covariance method --- derivative absorption spectroscopy --- gas sensors --- antiresonant hollow core fibers --- laser spectroscopy --- wavelength modulation spectroscopy --- tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy --- photothermal spectroscopy --- photoacoustic spectroscopy --- fiber gas sensors --- mid-infrared --- quantum cascade detector --- high-speed operation --- heterodyne detection --- high-resolution spectroscopy --- isotopic ratio --- frequency comb --- Vernier spectroscopy --- refractometry --- pressure --- short-term performance --- Fabry–Perot cavity --- gas modulation --- modulation techniques --- metrology --- integrated sensors --- waveguides --- absorption spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- gas sensing --- femtosecond laser micromachining --- microchannel fabrication --- microstructured fibers --- photoacoustic --- pressure transducer --- wafer-level --- CO2 --- combined NIR/MIR laser absorption --- laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber --- simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements
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