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Isoflavones --- Food --- Composition

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Le grillon domestique (Acheta domesticus) est considéré comme l’un des insectes ayant le plus de potentiel dans la production d’insectes comestible dû à sa composition nutritionnelle très intéressante pour l’alimentation humaine et animale. Cependant, depuis une dizaine d’années, Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV) se répand rapidement dans les élevages de A. domesticus et cause une mortalité totale dans les exploitations touchées. L’AdDV présente une menace considérable pour l’avenir de la production de A. domesticus, d’autant plus qu’à ce jour, tous les essais visant à créer des individus résistants ou tolérants au virus ont échoué. Il est donc crucial de rechercher des solutions alternatives pour tenter de minimiser les dégâts causés par l’AdDV. Dans ce sens, les isoflavones majoritairement présentes chez les légumineuses, sont des flavonoïdes connus pour avoir de nombreuses propriétés dont des actions antivirales. Étant donné que les insectes sont capables de bioaccumuler des composés phénoliques via leur alimentation, il serait opportun d’investiguer la potentielle bioaccumulation d’isoflavones par le grillon en vue d’observer de possibles effets antiviraux. C’est pourquoi cette étude a tenté d’établir la capacité d’A. domesticus à bioaccumuler des isoflavones sélectionnées (daidzéine, daidzine, génistéine, génistine, formononétine et biochanine A) provenant de coques de féverole (Vicia faba) et de coques de haricot mungo (Vigna radiata) incorporées dans son alimentation. Afin de vérifier cette hypothèse, différentes alimentations ont été élaborées en incorporant à 33, 66 et 100% les coques de V. faba et V. radiata dans l’alimentation de A.
domesticus. Les grillons ont été élevés durant 6 semaines avec ces différentes alimentations pour ensuite être analysés par chromatographie liquide haute performance (HPLC) combinée à un détecteur à barrette de diodes (DAD) afin d’identifier et de quantifier les isoflavones d’intérêts. Les résultats de l’analyses HPLC-DAD n’ont pas permis de détecter la présence d’isoflavones chez A. domesticus et chez les coques de V. faba et de V. radiata. Malgré cela, il semble que des analyses supplémentaires (comme la LC-MS, la LC-MS/MS ou la NMR) doivent être réalisées car la littérature renseigne des méthodes d’analyses plus sensibles que l’HPLC-DAD. Durant cette étude, une mortalité quasi-totale des grillons du premier essai de l’expérimentation est survenue. Une analyse PCR de ces grillons a permis de détecter l’AdDV chez ces individus. Cependant, des analyses supplémentaires doivent être réalisées pour déterminer si l’AdDV est
à l’origine de la mortalité des grillons. En parallèle, les compositions nutritionnelles des légumineuses et des grillons ont été analysées afin de pouvoir également étudier l’influence de leur alimentation sur leur composition nutritionnelle et ses performances de croissance. Les grillons avec le poids final le plus élevé ont été nourris avec V. radiata traité thermiquement incorporé à 33% dans du "chicken feed". Les performances de croissance obtenues semblent donc encourageantes concernant l’incorporation de co-produits issus de l’industrie agro-alimentaire dans l’alimentation de A. domesticus The European house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is considered as one of the insects with the most potential in the production of edible insects due to its very interesting nutritional composition for human and animal food. However, in the last decade, the Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV) has spread rapidly in A. domesticus farms causing total mortality in affected farms. AdDV is a considerable threat for the future of A. domesticus production because, to date all attempts to create resistant or tolerant crickets to the virus have failed. It is therefore crucial to look for alternative solutions to reduce the damage caused by AdDV. One possible solution is the use of isoflavones which have antiviral properties and can be present in feed sources for A. domesticus, mainly legumes. Because insects can bioaccumulate phenolic compounds via their diet, there is potential to increase the isoflavone content of A. domesticus through their feed source, which could then lead to increased resistance or tolerance to viral infection by AdDV. Therefore, the objectives of this study was to determine if A. domesticus is able to bioaccumulate specific isoflavones (daidzein, daidzin, genistein, genistin, formononetin and biochanin A) from faba bean (Vicia faba) and mung bean (Vigna radiata) hulls incorporated in its diet. To address this hypothesis, different diets were created by incorporating 33, 66 and 100% of V. faba and V. radiata hulls in the diet of A. domesticus. Crickets were reared for 6 weeks on these different diets and then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with a diode array detector (DAD) to identify and quantify the selected isoflavones. The results of the HPLC-DAD analysis did not detect the presence of isoflavones in either V. faba and V. radiata hulls, nor in A. domesticus. However, as isoflavones are known to be present in legumes it is possible that HPLC-DAD is not an accurate detection method for isoflavones. Additional more sensitive analyses such as LC-MS, LC-MS/MS or NMR have to be performed. Furthermore, during the first trial of this study, almost total mortality of crickets occurred and individuals were confirmed, using PCR, to be infected with AdDV. However, additional analyses is needed to determine if AdDV is the main cause of the cricket mortality. Additionally, in this study, the nutritional compositions of legumes and crickets were also analyzed in order to investigate the influence of diet on the nutritional composition and growth performances of A. domesticus. Crickets with the highest final weight were fed with heat-treated V. radiata incorporated at 33% in "chicken feed". The results of the growth performances of A. domesticus seem encouraging concerning the incorporation of byproducts from the food industry in its diet

Acheta domesticus (A. domesticus) --- Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDV) --- Flavonoïdes --- Isoflavones --- Sciences du vivant > Entomologie & lutte antiravageur

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Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of bioactive compounds mainly found in plant-based foods. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have led to the result that polyphenol intake may protect against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, or type 2 diabetes, to name some. Polyphenol intake estimation can be obtained through food frequency questionnaires and nutritional biomarkers, both having their own advantages and disadvantages. Although the association between these bioactive compounds and health seems irrefutable, many questions remain still unanswered. For instance, more studies are needed to identify possible interactions and effect-modulating variables, such as smoking habit, body mass index, sex, alcohol, hormones, other foods, etc. Moreover, intestinal microbiota seems to play an important role in the metabolism of polyphenols, but it is still unclear how.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- polyphenols --- metabolic syndrome --- Mediterranean diet --- glignans --- stilbenes --- HDL-cholesterol --- polyphenol --- diabetes --- flavonoids --- catechins --- black sorghum --- platelets --- platelet microparticles --- atherosclerosis --- rice bran --- phenolic extracts --- β-cell function --- gene expression --- insulin secretion --- sleep disorders --- sleep duration --- urinary phytoestrogens --- concentration–response --- NHANES --- cognition --- attention --- memory --- brain --- mangiferin --- mango leaf extract --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- obesity --- lipid metabolism --- metabolic regulation --- adipose tissue --- fruits --- berries --- vegetables --- dark chocolate --- psychological well-being --- depression --- physical health --- mental health --- isoflavones --- soy --- dietary flavonoids --- lignans --- flaxseeds --- endocrine --- stages of life --- estrogenic --- health --- nursing home --- residential care --- aging --- menu --- phenolic acids --- n/a --- concentration-response

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Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of bioactive compounds mainly found in plant-based foods. Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies have led to the result that polyphenol intake may protect against chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, or type 2 diabetes, to name some. Polyphenol intake estimation can be obtained through food frequency questionnaires and nutritional biomarkers, both having their own advantages and disadvantages. Although the association between these bioactive compounds and health seems irrefutable, many questions remain still unanswered. For instance, more studies are needed to identify possible interactions and effect-modulating variables, such as smoking habit, body mass index, sex, alcohol, hormones, other foods, etc. Moreover, intestinal microbiota seems to play an important role in the metabolism of polyphenols, but it is still unclear how.

polyphenols --- metabolic syndrome --- Mediterranean diet --- glignans --- stilbenes --- HDL-cholesterol --- polyphenol --- diabetes --- flavonoids --- catechins --- black sorghum --- platelets --- platelet microparticles --- atherosclerosis --- rice bran --- phenolic extracts --- β-cell function --- gene expression --- insulin secretion --- sleep disorders --- sleep duration --- urinary phytoestrogens --- concentration–response --- NHANES --- cognition --- attention --- memory --- brain --- mangiferin --- mango leaf extract --- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease --- obesity --- lipid metabolism --- metabolic regulation --- adipose tissue --- fruits --- berries --- vegetables --- dark chocolate --- psychological well-being --- depression --- physical health --- mental health --- isoflavones --- soy --- dietary flavonoids --- lignans --- flaxseeds --- endocrine --- stages of life --- estrogenic --- health --- nursing home --- residential care --- aging --- menu --- phenolic acids --- n/a --- concentration-response

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Dear Readers, Understanding the pathological mechanisms involved in human diseases and their possible treatment has been historically based on comparative analysis of diverse animal species that share a similar genetic, physiological and behavioural composition. The ancient Greeks were the first to use animals as models for anatomy and physiology, and this was consequently adopted by other cultures and led to important discoveries. In recent years, there have been many efforts to understand and fight cancer through new revolutionary personalized treatments and wider screenings that help diagnose and treat cancer. A fundamental part of this effort is to develop suitable cancer animal models that simulate the different disease variants and their progression. Ranging from tumor-derived xenografts to genetically engineered models, a wide variety of systems are applied for this purpose, and many technological breakthroughs are changing the way cancer is studied and analyzed. In this Special Issue, we collected a set of research articles and reviews that focus on the generation of cancer animal models that are used for understanding the disease and contribute to designing and testing new drugs for cancer prevention or treatment. Vladimir Korinek Collection Editor

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- soy --- isoflavones --- mammary tumor prevention --- rodent models --- chemical carcinogens --- transgenic mice --- Zebrafish --- Drosophila --- rats --- mice --- NPM-1 --- FLT3 ITD --- ETO-1 --- IDH1/2 --- neural stem cells --- brain and nervous system cancers --- neurogenic niches --- radiotherapy --- sparing of neurogenic regions --- carcinoma --- consensus molecular subtypes --- intestine --- oncogenes --- signaling cascades --- tumor suppressors --- tumorigenesis --- MPN (myeloproliferative neoplasms) --- zebrafish --- iPSCs --- JAK2 --- MPL --- CALR --- thrombosis --- ubiquitin–proteasome system --- cancer --- mouse model --- gene inactivation --- colorectal cancer --- mouse models --- microbiota --- antitumor immunity --- melanoma --- mutation --- genetics --- animal model --- swine --- MeLiM --- progression --- spontaneous regression --- devitalization --- metaplasia --- Cdx --- animal models --- epigenetics --- xenotransplantation --- drug screen --- pre-clinical cancer model --- non-mouse models --- gene editing --- stem cells --- solid tumors --- hematologic malignancies