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This book argues that the causes that led to the conversion of most of the Holy Land's population, as well as the survival of some religious communities, are essentially social and geographic in nature, rather than theological, and that two parallel processes were the main catalysts of Islamization: de-urbanization and urbanization.

Religion. --- Islam. --- Conversion --- Islam --- Islamization, Holy Land, history of religion, religious conversion. --- Histoire. --- History. --- Middle East --- Palestine --- Histoire --- Religion --- History --- Palestine. --- Islam and politics --- Eretz Israel

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Few symbols in today’s world are as laden and fraught as sharia—an Arabic-origin term referring to the straight path, the path God revealed for humans, the norms and rules guiding Muslims on that path, and Islamic law and normativity as enshrined in sacred texts or formal statute. Yet the ways in which Muslim men and women experience the myriad dimensions of sharia often go unnoticed and unpublicized. So too do recent historical changes in sharia judiciaries and contemporary strategies on the part of political and religious elites, social engineers, and brand stewards to shape, solidify, and rebrand these institutions.Sharia Transformations is an ethnographic, historical, and theoretical study of the practice and lived entailments of sharia in Malaysia, arguably the most economically successful Muslim-majority nation in the world. The book focuses on the routine everyday practices of Malaysia’s sharia courts and the changes that have occurred in the court discourses and practices in recent decades. Michael G. Peletz approaches Malaysia’s sharia judiciary as a global assemblage and addresses important issues in the humanistic and social-scientific literature concerning how Malays and other Muslims engage ethical norms and deal with law, social justice, and governance in a rapidly globalizing world.

Islamic law --- Islamic law. --- Islam --- Islam and politics --- Islamic ethics --- Islam and politics. --- Social aspects --- anthropology. --- arabic. --- assemblage. --- bureaucratization. --- court. --- governance. --- history. --- islam. --- islamic law. --- islamization. --- judiciary. --- justice. --- kuala lumpur. --- law. --- legal system. --- malays. --- malaysia. --- muslim. --- nonfiction. --- piety. --- religion. --- religiosity. --- righteousness. --- sacred texts. --- sharia courts. --- sharia. --- sin. --- social justice. --- social science. --- sulh. --- virtue. --- west malaysia.

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From the seventh century onwards the population of the Near East gradually became Muslim. Nevertheless, other religious communities continued to exist, maintaining an enduring presence in the region, despite being surrounded by Muslims and by people becoming Muslims.00This book argues that the causes that led to the conversion of most of the Holy Land's population, as well as the survival of some religious communities, are essentially social and geographic in nature, rather than theological, and that two parallel processes were the main catalysts of Islamization: de-urbanization and urbanization.

Religion. --- Islam. --- Conversion --- Islam --- Histoire. --- History. --- Middle East --- Palestine --- Histoire --- Religion --- History --- Islamization, Holy Land, history of religion, religious conversion. --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Religion, Primitive --- Atheism --- Irreligion --- Theology --- Holy Land --- Erets Israel --- Erets Yiśraʼel --- Eretz Israel --- Erez Jisrael --- Falastīn --- Filasṭīn --- Memshelet Paleśtinah --- Palästina --- Palesṭin --- Palestina --- Paleśtinah --- Israel --- Christian church history --- History of Asia --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1500-1799 --- Jerusalem

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"This edited volume investigates for the first time the impact of conspiracy theories upon the understanding of Europe as a geo-political entity as well as an imagined political and cultural space. Focusing on recent developments, the individual chapters explore a range of conspiratorial positions related to Europe. In the current climate of fear and threat, new and old imaginaries of conspiracy such as Islamophobia and anti-Semitism have been mobilised. A dystopian or even apocalyptic image of Europe in terminal decline is evoked in Eastern European and particularly by Russian pro-Kremlin media, while the EU emerges as a screen upon which several narratives of conspiracy are projected trans-nationally, ranging from the Greek debt crisis to migration, Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological perspectives applied in this volume range from qualitative discourse and media analysis to quantitative social-psychological approaches, and there are a number of national and transnational case studies. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of extremism, conspiracy theories, and European politics"--

conspiracy theories --- psychology --- conspiracy theory --- conspiracism --- conspiracy belief --- conspiracy thinking --- conspiracies --- corona --- coronavirus --- Covid-19 --- pandemic --- coronavirus conspiracy theories --- disinformation --- Social media and society --- Culture conflict --- Conflict of cultures --- Culture wars --- Cultural conflict --- Society and social media --- Social conflict --- political crimes and offenses --- Europe --- Euroscepticism --- Eurabia Conspiracy Theory --- islamization --- Germany --- reichsbürger --- sovereign citizen movement --- Sovereign Citizens --- islamophobia --- Fourth Reich --- populism --- immigration --- immigrants --- Brexit --- antisemitism --- George Soros --- Eurovilification --- Eurofundamentalism --- Brussels conspiracy --- Belgium --- Russia --- European Union (EU) --- Conspiracies --- Islamophobia --- Antisemitism

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"How did the medieval Middle East transform from a majority-Christian world to a majority-Muslim world, and what role did violence play in this process? Christian Martyrs under Islam explains how Christians across the early Islamic caliphate slowly converted to the faith of the Arab conquerors and how small groups of individuals rejected this faith through dramatic acts of resistance, including apostasy and blasphemy. Using previously untapped sources in a range of Middle Eastern languages, Christian Sahner introduces an unknown group of martyrs who were executed at the hands of Muslim officials between the seventh and ninth centuries CE. Found in places as diverse as Syria, Spain, Egypt, and Armenia, they include an alleged descendant of Muhammad who converted to Christianity, high-ranking Christian secretaries of the Muslim state who viciously insulted the Prophet, and the children of mixed marriages between Muslims and Christians. Sahner argues that Christians never experienced systematic persecution under the early caliphs, and indeed, they remained the largest portion of the population in the greater Middle East for centuries after the Arab conquest. Still, episodes of ferocious violence contributed to the spread of Islam within Christian societies, and memories of this bloodshed played a key role in shaping Christian identity in the new Islamic empire. Christian Martyrs under Islam examines how violence against Christians ended the age of porous religious boundaries and laid the foundations for more antagonistic Muslim-Christian relations in the centuries to come"--Publisher's description.

Christianity and other religions --- Christian martyrs --- Islam --- 235.3*7 --- 297.116*1 --- 297.116*1 Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- Relatie Islam tot Christendom --- 235.3*7 Martelaren --- Martelaren --- Mohammedanism --- Muhammadanism --- Muslimism --- Mussulmanism --- Religions --- Muslims --- Martyrs --- Martyrdom --- Relations&delete& --- Christianity --- Relations --- Christian martyrs. --- Violence --- RELIGION / History. --- Martyrdom (Islam) --- Muslim martyrs --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Islam. --- Christianity. --- Religious aspects --- Christianity and other religions - Islam --- Christian martyrs - Islamic countries --- Islam - Relations - Christianity --- Islamic Empire --- History. --- Anthony al-Qurash ī. --- Arab culture. --- Arabization. --- Christian Middle East. --- Christian blasphemy. --- Christian identity. --- Christians. --- Islamic empire. --- Islamization. --- Middle East. --- Muslims. --- apostasy. --- apostates. --- bloodshed. --- capital punishment. --- early Islamic caliphate. --- early Middle Ages. --- early medieval Middle East. --- hagiography. --- late antiquity. --- martyrdom. --- martyrologies. --- martyrs. --- medieval Middle East. --- punitive burning. --- religious conversion. --- religious differentiation. --- religious persecution. --- social differentiation. --- social protest. --- theological protest. --- violence.