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The cryosphere is very sensitive to climate change, and glaciers represent one of the most important archives of atmospheric composition and its variability. From the Himalaya to the European Alps, the longest mid-latitude mountain chain in the world, lie thousands of glaciers that have collected atmospheric compounds over the last millennia. China and Italy are located at the opposite terminals of this long mountain chain, comprising strategic positions for understanding climate evolution and providing important information for the modeling of future climates. The results presented are highlights of some of the most recent advances in cryospheric studies, especially on the topic of mineral dust and aerosols in the atmosphere. They evidence the complexity of the chemical-physical processes involving solid compounds occurring in glacier, snow, and permafrost environments, covering different aspects such as spatial and temporal trends, as well as the impact of mineral and nonmineral particles. Results also show that recent advances in measurement techniques and source apportionment may be powerful and sophisticated tools to provide novel, high-quality scientific information.
XAS spectroscopy --- bacteria --- XANES --- mineral elements --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- iron geochemistry --- ice --- X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy --- mineral dust --- compositional data analysis --- synchrotron radiation --- dust --- global warming hiatus --- simultaneous measurements --- TXRF --- low concentration elemental analysis --- global warming slowdown --- paleoclimatology --- water --- X-ray fluorescence --- snow --- long-range transport --- southern hemisphere --- Antarctica --- ice core --- cryoconite --- evaporation --- contaminants --- POPs --- paleoclimate --- XANES and LCF --- ultra-dilution --- particulate matter --- trace elements --- atmospheric mineral dust --- cryospheric sciences --- ice cores --- X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy --- droplets --- Arctic rapid warming --- microbiology --- cryosphere --- polycapillary optics --- environment --- Laohugou glacier --- iron speciation --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- Arctic --- insoluble dust
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The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.
Research & information: general --- eutrophication --- phosphorus --- water quality --- sediment --- dissolved oxygen --- phosphorus mobilization --- climate change --- algae bloom --- legacy sediments --- equilibrium phosphorus concentration --- sorption --- desorption --- anoxic --- chemical P extraction --- microanalysis --- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy --- soil P --- vertical and horizontal P distribution --- runoff water --- exclusions --- strategic grazing --- dissolved reactive phosphorus --- total phosphorus --- soil test phosphorus --- soil stratification --- soil fertility --- phosphorus cycling --- weathering --- iron speciation --- biogeochemistry --- legacy phosphorus --- speciation --- transformation --- accessibility --- best management practices --- corn silage --- erosion --- nutrient management --- liquid manure --- surface runoff --- agriculture --- riparian buffers --- critical source areas --- overland flow --- hydropedology --- snowmelt --- streamflow --- tile drainage --- phosphorus kinetics --- Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures --- histidine --- malic acid --- n/a
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The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.
eutrophication --- phosphorus --- water quality --- sediment --- dissolved oxygen --- phosphorus mobilization --- climate change --- algae bloom --- legacy sediments --- equilibrium phosphorus concentration --- sorption --- desorption --- anoxic --- chemical P extraction --- microanalysis --- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy --- soil P --- vertical and horizontal P distribution --- runoff water --- exclusions --- strategic grazing --- dissolved reactive phosphorus --- total phosphorus --- soil test phosphorus --- soil stratification --- soil fertility --- phosphorus cycling --- weathering --- iron speciation --- biogeochemistry --- legacy phosphorus --- speciation --- transformation --- accessibility --- best management practices --- corn silage --- erosion --- nutrient management --- liquid manure --- surface runoff --- agriculture --- riparian buffers --- critical source areas --- overland flow --- hydropedology --- snowmelt --- streamflow --- tile drainage --- phosphorus kinetics --- Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures --- histidine --- malic acid --- n/a
Choose an application
The anthropogenic loading of phosphorus (P) to water bodies continues to increase worldwide, in many cases leading to increased eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Determining the sources of P and the biogeochemical processes responsible for this increase is often difficult because of the complexity of the inputs and pathways, which vary both in spatial and temporal scales. In order to effectively develop strategies to improve water quality, it is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of the relationship of P pools with biological uptake and cycling under varied soil and water conditions. In this ebook, eight chapters cover the various aspects of basic-applied research on mineral–P interaction and how these reactions impact P mobilization, bioavailability, transfer, and speciation of P in different soil matrices using advanced analytical methods. Some of these methods include the application of XANES and field-based research related to stream bank legacy nutrients; natural and anthropogenic eutrophication and its relationship to climate change; and the evaluation of the impact of P due to (i) grazing systems, (ii) weathering and vegetation, and iii) soil and manure management practices. In addition, two review chapters take a holistic approach to cover an expansive area of P transformation processes along the cropland–riparian–stream continuum and the assessment of legacy P. Together, these contributions improve our current understanding of the reactions and processes that impact P concentration, speciation, cycling, loss, and transfer from agroecosystems.
Research & information: general --- eutrophication --- phosphorus --- water quality --- sediment --- dissolved oxygen --- phosphorus mobilization --- climate change --- algae bloom --- legacy sediments --- equilibrium phosphorus concentration --- sorption --- desorption --- anoxic --- chemical P extraction --- microanalysis --- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy --- soil P --- vertical and horizontal P distribution --- runoff water --- exclusions --- strategic grazing --- dissolved reactive phosphorus --- total phosphorus --- soil test phosphorus --- soil stratification --- soil fertility --- phosphorus cycling --- weathering --- iron speciation --- biogeochemistry --- legacy phosphorus --- speciation --- transformation --- accessibility --- best management practices --- corn silage --- erosion --- nutrient management --- liquid manure --- surface runoff --- agriculture --- riparian buffers --- critical source areas --- overland flow --- hydropedology --- snowmelt --- streamflow --- tile drainage --- phosphorus kinetics --- Fe-Al-hydroxide mixtures --- histidine --- malic acid
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