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The development of new technologies and the increasing demand for mineral resources from emerging countries are responsible for significant tensions in the pricing of non-ferrous metals. Some metals have become strategic and critical because they are used in many technological applications such as flat panel TVs (indium), solar panel cells (indium), lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (lithium, cobalt), magnets (rare earth elements, such as neodymium and dysprosium), scintillators (rare earths), and aviation and medical applications (titanium); their availabilities remain limited. The secured supply of these metals is crucial to continue producing and exporting these technologies, and because the specific properties of these metals make them essential and difficult to substitute for a given industrial application. Hydrometallurgy have the advantages of being able to process low-grade ores, to allow better control of co-products, and have a lower environmental impact providing that the hydrometallurgical route is optimized and cheap. The need to develop sustainable, efficient, and cheap processes to extract metals from complex and poor polymetallic matrices is real. The aim of this book was to highlight recent advances related to hydrometallurgy to face new challenges in metal production.

n/a --- gold recovery --- metal extraction --- secondary raw materials --- degradation --- precipitation --- yttrium --- separation --- seawater --- chloride --- chalcopyrite --- metal recovery --- electrochemistry --- solvent extraction --- rare-earth elements --- cuprite --- scandium --- leaching --- surface product --- solid-liquid extraction --- phosphoric acid --- intermediate --- ionic liquids --- mercury ions --- chromium(VI) --- competitive adsorption --- voltammetry --- titanium --- liquid-liquid extraction --- WEEE --- value chain --- fayalite --- gold cyanidation --- reusability --- recovery --- platinum group metals --- refining --- tri-n-octylamine --- red mud --- electroleaching --- Alamine® 336 --- indium --- intensification behavior --- base metal production --- bauxite residue --- hydrometallurgy --- structure --- nickel iron oxide --- pregnant thiosulfate solutions --- resin adsorption technique --- ion exchange resin --- electrodeposition --- back-extraction --- eluent

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Water is a vital element for life and the environment. Water pollution has been documented as a contributor to a wide range of health problems. In recent years, the water quality levels have suffered great deterioration because of rapid social and economic development and because it is used to “dump” a wide range of pollutants.This book entitled “Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment” contains featured research papers dealing with recent developments and advances in all aspects related to membranes for water and wastewater treatment: membrane processes, combined processes (including one membrane step), modified membranes, new materials, and the possibility to reduce fouling and to improve the efficiency of enhanced processes. The papers compiled in this Special Issue can be read as a response to the current needs and challenges in membrane development for water and wastewater treatment.Half of the research articles correspond to concrete and practical applications of the use of membrane processes in different fields of the industry, with the aim of treating and conditioning water and wastewater. The studies reveal the treatment of industrial streams, mining, recycled paper industry, olive mill, urban wastewater, etc. Another important percentage of studies are related to membrane modification processes, with the aim of obtaining new materials with better performance in the separation processes, thus describing the use of membranes modified with chitosan, nanoparticles, and other organic compounds. This field also includes studies related to fouling and its modeling.

Technology: general issues --- aquaporin --- forward osmosis (FO) --- membrane --- scaling --- calcium --- post-treatment --- nanofiltration --- calcium-carboxyl intra-bridging --- water purification --- desalination --- ultrafiltration --- membrane fouling --- fouling model --- surface water --- coagulation --- backwash --- polyamide membrane --- carbon nitride --- seawater desalination --- mixed matrix membranes --- thin film composite --- diffusion dialysis --- anion exchange membrane --- acid recovery --- paper mill treated effluent --- optimization --- fouling --- DoE --- Taguchi method --- fouling development model --- filtration law --- pore blocking --- multiple linear regression --- statistical test --- WWTP --- renovation and upgrading --- ultrafiltration membrane --- net present value --- biofouling --- polyethersulfone --- chlorine --- membrane modification --- low-fouling surface --- anaerobic membrane bioreactor --- temperature --- membrane fouling behavior --- sludge flocs characteristics --- soluble microbial product --- extracellular polymeric substance --- DSPM model --- heavy metals --- total volume membrane charge density --- ceramic membrane --- membrane surface modification --- antifouling --- hydrophilicity --- mussel-inspired --- protein --- sulfonic cation-exchange membrane --- hydration number --- pulsed field gradient NMR --- diffusion coefficient --- ionic conductivity --- membrane module modeling --- calcium sulfate precipitation risk --- ionic rejection coefficients --- quorum sensing --- acyl homoserine lactone --- olive mill wastewater --- membrane separation process --- microfiltration --- reverse osmosis --- water recovery --- chitosan --- water content --- water permeability --- alkali treatment --- characterization --- dyes --- molecular structure --- physico-chemical properties --- filter water bag --- Dioscorea hispida --- starch --- forward osmosis membrane --- glutaraldehyde --- emergency --- cobalt(II) --- supported liquid membranes --- ultrasound --- D2EHPA --- counter-transport --- transport parameters --- modeling --- thiocyanate --- wastewater treatment --- process design --- antibiotics --- antibiotic resistance genes --- viral genomes --- wastewater effluents --- occurrence --- pilot-scale treatment --- selective separation --- ion-exchange resin --- wafer-enhanced electrodeionization --- n/a

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614.77 --- 504.53 --- 502.37 --- 631.618 --- 502.34 --- Soil. Effect of soil and its effluvia on health. Topography and health --- Earth surface. Soil environment --- Restoration, salvage, rescue measures. Sanitation --- Reclamation of industrial and mined land --- Social, administrative, legislative measures on nature conservation --- 502.34 Social, administrative, legislative measures on nature conservation --- 631.618 Reclamation of industrial and mined land --- 502.37 Restoration, salvage, rescue measures. Sanitation --- 504.53 Earth surface. Soil environment --- 614.77 Soil. Effect of soil and its effluvia on health. Topography and health --- In situ bioremediation. --- contaminated soil --- clean - up technologies --- In situ bioreclamation --- In situ biorestoration --- Bioremediation --- In situ remediation --- Monograph --- education and training --- Knowledge transfer --- Quality control. --- ANALYTICAL METHODS --- QA - QC program --- Quality assurance. --- monitoring procedures --- Quality control --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products --- groundwater and soil contamination --- experts for environmenal contaminations --- volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) --- aromatic hydrocarbons ( BTEX ) halogenated hydrocarbons --- Hazardous substances. --- Dangerous chemicals --- Dangerous goods --- Dangerous materials --- Dangerous substances --- Hazardous chemicals --- Hazardous goods --- Hazardous materials --- Hazmats --- Chemicals --- Materials --- distribution coefficients --- Adsorption. --- Soil remediation. --- mineral oil --- Fine particles --- Cleanup of contaminated soil --- Remediation of contaminated soil --- Soil cleanup --- Soil contamination remediation --- Soil protection --- Soil pollution --- Sorption --- Separation (Technology) --- Surface chemistry --- Green technology. --- environmental investigations --- CLAYS --- CHARACTERIZATION --- in situ measurement technique --- SITE INVESTIGATION --- geoelectrical measurements --- Heavy metals. --- Geophysical methods --- Toxic metals --- Metals --- Poisons --- Earth-friendly technology --- Environmental technology --- Technology --- Risk assessment. --- Statistics. --- sampling strategies --- Hazardous waste sites. --- software tool --- Chemical landfills --- Contaminated sites --- Dumps, Toxic --- Hazardous waste disposal sites --- Hazardous waste facilities --- Superfund sites --- Toxic dumps --- Waste disposal sites --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Analysis, Risk --- Assessment, Risk --- Risk analysis --- Risk evaluation --- Evaluation --- environmental policy instruments --- abandoned waste disposal sites --- groundwater monitoring --- national programmes --- Remediation --- miming, environmental impact --- Zone of aeration. --- In situ remediation. --- STEAM STRIPPING --- soil vapor extraction ( SVE ) --- Temperature. --- large - scale experiment basin --- aromatic hydrocarbon contamination --- Cold --- Heat --- In situ treatment of wastes --- Remediation, In situ --- Pollution --- Aeration, Zone of --- Suspended water zone --- Unsaturated zone --- Vadose zone --- Zone of suspended water --- Soil moisture --- Water table --- Epikarst --- PAH --- Phenols. --- Flocculation. --- HUMIC SUBSTANCES --- SORPTION --- SEDIMENTS --- Aggregation (Chemistry) --- Phenolic compounds --- Phenolics --- Alcohols --- Antiseptics --- Aromatic compounds --- authorities ' role --- risk manbagement --- LIABILITY --- abandoned polluted areas --- EUROPEAN UNION --- programme of research --- authorities --- concerted action --- Bioavailability --- Copper. --- Migration, Internal. --- Internal migration --- Mobility --- Population geography --- Internal migrants --- Native element minerals --- Transition metals --- Availability, Biological --- Biological availability --- Physiologic availability --- Physiological availability --- Biochemistry --- field experiment --- bentonite - cement --- BARRIERS --- ground water monitoring --- EXTRACTION --- Chlorohydrocarbons. --- Solvents. --- Fluids --- Plasticizers --- Chlorinated hydrocarbons --- Chlorine hydrocarbons --- Halocarbons --- Organochlorine compounds --- Soil permeability. --- behaviour of contaminants --- Groundwater flow --- Flow, Groundwater --- Hydrodynamics --- Subsurface drainage --- Hydraulic conductivity of soils --- Soils --- Permeability --- Soil capillarity --- Soil percolation --- Migration --- oil products --- Bioremediation. --- microbial activities --- Nitrogen. --- Group 15 elements --- Nonmetals --- Environmental biotechnology --- Biodegradation --- nodulation --- Rhizobium. --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. --- alfalfa biotest --- Symbiosis. --- ecotoxicity --- Consortism --- Biology --- Symbiogenesis --- Benzenoid hydrocarbons --- PAHs (Chemicals) --- Polyarenes --- Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons --- Hydrocarbons --- Polycyclic aromatic compounds --- Root nodule bacteria --- Rhizobiaceae --- Radioisotopes. --- Radioactive contamination --- Radioactive isotopes --- Radioactive nuclides --- Radionuclides --- Isotopes --- Nuclear engineering --- Radioactive substances --- Radiochemistry --- MOBILIZATION --- DATA ANALYSIS --- Groundwater. --- computer model --- contaminated plume --- Ground water --- Subterranean water --- Underground water --- Water, Underground --- Water --- Hydrogeology --- MODELS --- Cost effectiveness. --- Environmental management --- MAPPING --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Benefit cost analysis --- Capital output ratios --- Cost benefit analysis --- Costs, Industrial --- Engineering economy --- Value analysis (Cost control) --- PREVENTION --- ANALYTICAL METHOD --- Microorganisms. --- Germs --- Micro-organisms --- Microbes --- Microscopic organisms --- Organisms --- Microbiology --- Biodegradation. --- Bioreactors. --- Groundwater treatment --- Biochemical reactors --- Reactors, Biochemical --- Biochemical engineering --- Chemical reactors --- Biocorrosion --- Biodecay --- Biodecomposition --- Biodeterioration --- Biological corrosion --- Biological decay --- Biological decomposition --- Biological degradation --- Decay, Biological --- Decomposition (Biology) --- Degradation, Biological --- Decomposition (Chemistry) --- Equipment and supplies --- CHARACTERISATION --- Naphthalene. --- Optoacoustic spectroscopy. --- Phenanthrene. --- Anthracene --- PAS (Spectroscopy) --- Photoacoustic spectroscopy --- Laser spectroscopy --- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons --- mineral oil hydrocarbons --- Thin layer chromatography. --- CONTAMINATED SOILS --- Chromatography, Thin layer --- Planar chromatography --- Thin film chromatography --- TLC (Chromatography) --- Chromatographic analysis --- on - site treatment --- Biological treatment --- removal rates --- Hydrocarbons. --- bio - piles --- Organic compounds --- Spatial variability --- MONITORING --- Soils. --- Earth (Soils) --- Mold, Vegetable --- Mould, Vegetable --- Soil --- Vegetable mold --- Agricultural resources --- Plant growing media --- Regolith --- Land capability for agriculture --- hudrocarbons --- SOIL PROPERTIES --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH ) --- SAMPLING TECHNIQUES --- PUMPING --- Groundwater remediation --- Chromium. --- WASTE WATER TREATMENT --- clean up technologies --- LEACHATES --- Chromium group --- Heat resistant alloys --- target values --- background levels --- quality of the soil --- Computer simulation. --- Partitioning --- slurry wall --- Computer modeling --- Computer models --- Modeling, Computer --- Models, Computer --- Simulation, Computer --- Electromechanical analogies --- Mathematical models --- Simulation methods --- Model-integrated computing --- intervention values for remediation --- military sites --- fincancial aspects --- Soil protection. --- Cost. --- register --- Legislation. --- Legislative process --- Law --- Costs (Economics) --- Expenses --- Economics --- Contingent fees --- Protection, Soil --- Protection of soils --- Soils, Protection of --- Environmental protection --- governmental --- Risk management. --- Insurance --- Nitrates. --- MICROCOSMS --- In situ bioremediation --- Nitrate salts --- Nitric acid --- Oxysalts --- Soil animals. --- Earthworms. --- Lumbricina --- Lumbricus terrestris --- Haplotaxida --- Worms --- Soil fauna --- Animals --- Soil biology --- Compost animals --- uv oxidation --- AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS --- Pesticides. --- chemical treatments --- Economic poisons --- Agricultural chemicals --- Pests --- Control --- test values --- Soil pollution. --- Soil vapor extraction --- Halocarbons. --- Halogenated hydrocarbons --- Organohalogen compounds --- Soil enhanced volatilization --- Soil vacuum extraction --- Soil venting --- Soil volatilization --- SVE (Soil remediation) --- Extraction (Chemistry) --- Soil remediation --- Contamination of soil --- Soil contamination --- Soil salinization --- Environmental aspects --- ENCAPSULATION --- Lead. --- health risk --- reuse of sites --- Ecological effects --- remedial action scenario --- Group 14 elements --- fluidized - bed reactor --- mixed population --- NATURAL ATTENUATION --- MARINE --- DIESEL --- in - situ --- biosurfactant --- REGULATIONS --- Responsibility --- contaminated soil administration --- human health risk --- reuse ( of sites ) --- ecological --- EFFECTS --- Bacteria --- Biotic communities. --- Metals. --- Zinc. --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Population biology --- Prokaryotes --- PCDD - Fs --- POLICIES --- INVENTORY --- national laws --- SLUDGES --- organic contaminants --- target valule --- quality of soil --- governmental directives --- Cadmium. --- functional layers --- reactive solutes --- Transport modeling --- unsaturated soil --- priority lists --- Classification. --- ranking system --- Knowledge, Classification of --- Information organization --- contamianted sites --- liabilty --- Management. --- International cooperation. --- RISKS --- sustainable soil use --- Cooperation, International --- Global governance --- Institutions, International --- Interdependence of nations --- International institutions --- World order --- Cooperation --- International relations --- International organization --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Groundwater sampling --- Microbiological degradation --- DEGRADATION --- vacuum extraction --- soil vapour extraction --- groundwater clean - up --- Petroleum Hydrocarbons --- BTEX --- Aquifers. --- Aquafers --- Water-bearing formations --- Aquitards --- TOXICITY TESTS --- ecotoxicological --- Biological assay. --- Assay, Biological --- Bioassay --- Methodology --- GUIDELINES --- hazard ranking --- exposure model --- HUMAN HEALTH --- Databases. --- protection public safety --- Data banks --- Data bases --- Databanks --- Database systems --- Computer files --- Electronic information resources --- abandoned waste disposal site --- PLUMES --- Groundwater modelling --- decontamination techniques --- Leaching. --- Chemical engineering --- In situ processing (Mining) --- Ore-dressing --- Solution mining --- physico - chemical washing process --- oil -products --- sludge - slurry --- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS --- microbiological soil degradation --- carbon balances --- bio - reactor test --- volatile organochlorines --- in - situ sparging --- air migration --- Wellhead protection. --- soil rmediation --- Aquifer protection --- Drinking water protection --- Groundwater protection --- Source water protection --- Wellfield protection --- Water quality management --- LIFE CYCLE --- environmentla management --- ASSESSMENTS --- remedial action techniques --- soil evolution - extraction methods --- TNT (Chemical) --- toxicity potential --- Methyltrinitrobenzene --- Trinitrotoluene --- Trinitrotoluol --- Trotyl --- Explosives --- Organonitrogen compounds --- Toluene --- sampling methods --- reliability sampling --- soil and groundwater contamination --- Mass transfer. --- Bioavailabililty --- physical states --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Thermodynamics --- Transport theory --- Biosensors. --- Speciation (Chemistry) --- Biochemical speciation --- Chemical speciation --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Biodetectors --- Biological detectors --- Biological sensors --- Biomedical detectors --- Biomedical sensors --- Detectors --- Medical instruments and apparatus --- Physiological apparatus --- soil clean - up criteria --- exposure pathway --- EXPOSURE --- Plants. --- Flora --- Plant kingdom --- Plantae --- Vascular plants --- Vegetable kingdom --- Vegetation --- Wildlife --- Botany --- Example. --- l - hydroxypyrene --- Model --- Pattern --- Authority --- Concepts --- Ethics --- Exempla --- Ideals (Psychology) --- Imitation --- Influence (Psychology) --- Microbial activity --- isotope methods --- behavior of contaminants --- PAH ( polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ) --- MIGRATION --- sampling programmes --- RECYCLING --- MANGEMENT --- REGENERATION --- on - site treatments --- pilot test --- case study --- Soil Washing --- MINING --- Reuse --- national law --- remediation concept --- BIODEGRADABILITY --- mineral soil --- Soil erosion --- isotope hydrology --- petrol hydrocarbons --- in situ groundwater remediation --- behaviour contaminants --- PAH ( polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ) --- leaching behavior --- Environmental risks --- gasworks --- organic contamination --- purification of exhaust air --- programme fo research --- risk management and health --- in sity microcosms --- field injection experiment --- laboratory batch experiments --- Soil gas --- in situ measurement techniques --- clean - up cost --- industrial areas --- mass transport calculation --- soil clean - up --- contaminated site --- sampling theories --- SAMPLES --- WASTE DISPOSAL --- dump site monitoring --- clay liner --- HETEROGENEITY --- homogeneization --- chemico - physical processes --- fundamentals and evaluation criteria --- biological processes --- scientific principles --- RISK ASSESSMENT --- dermal adsorption --- large - scale experimental basin --- TRACER --- in - situ groundwater remediation --- thrichloroethylene --- PCB --- ecotoxicological tests --- remediation efficiency --- BIODEGRADATION --- toxic metabolites --- in - situ measurement techniques --- HYDROCARBONS --- FIELD TESTS --- fiber - optic sensor technology --- WASTE WATER --- CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS --- LEACHING --- HEAVY METALS --- ion exchange resins --- chemical speciation --- SCREENING --- SOILS --- CHROMIUM --- ARSENIC --- soil - plant transfer --- pesticide transport --- Chlorinated --- IMMOBILIZATION --- in - situ bioremediation --- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS --- DESORPTION --- THERMAL TREATMENT --- thermal desorption --- in - situ remediation --- VOLATILIZATION --- TEMPERATURE --- trichloroethylene --- BIOREMEDIATION --- simulation model --- dredged material --- DISPOSAL SITES --- CLASSIFICATION --- DATA BASES --- SOIL REMEDIATION --- QUALITY CONTROL --- QUALITY ASSURANCE --- MANAGEMENT --- atmospheric deposition --- leaching behaviour --- BUFFERING CAPACITY --- INCINERATION --- stabilized waste --- industrial sites --- soil protection policy --- RISK ANALYSIS --- soil protection technology --- impermeable industrial flooring --- pesticides ( HCH ) --- Political science. --- Planning. --- redevelopment --- land register --- Creation (Literary, artistic, etc.) --- Executive ability --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Buildings. --- contaminated land --- Sulfates. --- Sulphates --- Sulfuric acid --- Edifices --- Halls --- Structures --- Architecture --- HCH --- DECONTAMINATION --- COMPLEXING AGENTS --- Field experiments --- Agriculture. --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Agriculture --- Crops --- Field crops --- Field plot technique --- Field tests --- Field trials in agriculture --- Experimentation --- Research --- On-farm --- SULPHATE --- Slurry --- URBAN AREAS --- DOC --- DHS from composts --- Metabolites. --- hetero - PAH --- Secondary metabolites --- Biomolecules --- Biological products --- Chemical ecology --- Mercury. --- Hydrargyrum --- Quicksilver --- Liquid metals --- Sulfides. --- MINE TAILINGS --- Drainage. --- Land drainage --- Agricultural engineering --- Hydraulic engineering --- Reclamation of land --- Sanitary engineering --- Sewerage --- Sulphides --- Chalcogenides --- Sulfur compounds --- DIOXIN --- Gas chromatography. --- Mass spectrometry. --- Mass spectra --- Mass spectrograph --- Mass spectroscopy --- Mass spectrum analysis --- Mass (Physics) --- Nuclear spectroscopy --- Spectrum analysis --- Gas-liquid chromatography --- GLC (Chromatographic analysis) --- Vapor-phase chromatography --- quality standards --- Volatile organic compounds. --- Clean - up --- VOCs (Chemicals) --- Volatile organic chemicals --- Prosecution. --- Criminal procedure --- Informations --- Private prosecutors --- warfare - related --- suspected areas --- historical investigation --- Field experiments. --- HEALTH AND SAFETY --- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY --- credit approval process --- Investigations. --- environment desk corporate banking --- solvency risks --- site management --- collateral risks --- filed test --- Trichloroethylene. --- case history --- Acetylene trichloride --- Ethinyl trichloride --- TCE (Trichloroethylene) --- Trethylene --- Tri (Chemical) --- Trichlorethylene --- Trichloroethene --- Triclene --- Trilene --- Trimar --- Anesthetics --- Chlorohydrocarbons --- Ethylene --- soil sand groundwater contamination --- practice --- risk research --- CONTAMINATION --- Cyanides. --- LAWS --- phosphorous --- Excavation. --- CHEMICAL TREATMENT --- Civil engineering --- Earthwork --- Tunneling --- petrol hydrocarbon --- physico - chemical processing --- ORGANIC MATTER --- intervention values for soil clean - up --- soil and groundwater --- environmental investigation --- contractor responsibility --- WASTE PROCESSING --- toxixcity --- Genetic toxicology. --- Genotoxicity --- Genotoxicology --- Toxicology --- Biochemical genetics --- Medical genetics --- Carcinogenesis --- Chemical mutagenesis --- Genetic aspects --- laser light scattering --- hydro - colloids --- fluorescence detection --- HUMIC ACIDS --- flow - field - flow - fractionation --- Redox conditions --- extensive concepts --- natural biodegradation --- EXAMINATION --- case histroy --- Acid mine drainage. --- leachates monitoring --- MINE WASTES --- Mine acid drainage --- Mine drainage --- in - situ treatment --- distribution coefficient --- basque country --- contaminated site remediation --- Fills (Earthwork) --- contaminated site investigation --- priorization --- derelict land --- Earth fills --- Fill (Earthwork) --- Land fills --- Landfills --- Soil mechanics --- VOC 's --- Benzene. --- Benzol --- Gas Emissions --- organic chlorinated compounds --- Thermal desorption. --- Desorption, Thermal --- Thermodesorption --- carbon balance --- microbiological soil remediation --- REACTORS --- intelligent soil --- remediation concpet --- chlorianted hydrocarbons --- biormediation --- halogentated hydrocarbons --- phytotoxicity --- Crops. --- Agricultural crops --- Crop plants --- Farm crops --- Industrial crops --- Farm produce --- Plants, Cultivated --- Agronomy --- Crop science --- Plant products --- electrosys --- sequential extraction procedure --- biomonitoring --- landfill leachate --- TOXICITY --- Arsenic. --- human - health risks --- environmental policy instrumets --- trigger values --- Health risks --- Psychological aspects. --- ranking systems --- LANDFILL GAS --- TECHNOLOGIES --- Nickel. --- EXPERT SYSTEMS --- Diesel fuels. --- Diesel motor --- Diesel oil --- Motor fuels --- Fuel --- refinery site --- mass transfer calculations --- partioning --- napthalene --- polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH ) --- ISOLATION --- bioavailibity --- Xenobiotics. --- biosensor --- Foreign chemical compounds --- Foreign compounds --- Xenobiotic compounds --- Sustainability --- treatment policy --- contaminated soi administration --- Responsability --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- INDUSTRIAL AREA --- Site restoration --- Standardization. --- Grading --- Mass production --- Specifications --- Testing --- clean - up technpologies --- off - site treatment --- Protection. --- Accelerated erosion --- Erosion --- Industrial sites. --- Factory sites --- Factories --- Industrial location --- Plant engineering --- Real property --- Location --- transport in soil --- behaviour of contaminant --- naphtalene --- AVAILABILITY --- VOC --- FIXATION --- Incineration. --- HAZARDOUS WASTE --- Burning of waste --- Combustion of waste --- Waste burning --- Waste combustion --- Refuse and refuse disposal --- Compost. --- Indore process --- Organic fertilizers --- Organic wastes --- Soil amendments --- Humus --- Vermicomposting --- abandined polluted area --- Soil air. --- Soil atmosphere --- Soil gases --- Soil chemistry --- Soil physics --- Soil aeration --- Air content --- Phytoremediation --- Vegetation-based remediation --- Vegetative bioremediation --- Toluene. --- Methylbenzene --- Phenylmethane --- Toluol --- co - oxidation --- MTBE --- MICROBIAL DEGRADATION --- CONTAMINANTS --- ORGANIC --- heavy metls --- pollutant transport --- due diligence --- vadose zone monitoring --- geoelectrics --- Fertilizers. --- Artificial fertilizers --- Chemical fertilizers --- Fertilisers --- Fertilization of soils --- Fertilizers and manures --- Plants --- Soil fertility --- Fertilizers --- Fertilization --- Nutrition --- Biological tests --- STABILIZATION --- firing range --- catcher - sand --- Flotation. --- clean - up technolgoies --- Froth flotation --- Ozone. --- UV - oxidation --- Pilot plants. --- Experimental plants --- Pilot production --- Plants, Pilot --- Chemical tests and reagents --- Oxygen --- life cycle impact assessment --- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT --- human - toxicological --- slurry bioreactor --- anaerobic --- TREATMENT --- Explosives. --- Explosive chemicals --- Chemistry, Technical --- Blasting --- Geology --- conditional simulation --- Geological statistics --- Geostatistics --- Statistical methods. --- microbiological parameters --- warfare - related contaminated sites --- Diffusion. --- immobile zones --- MASS TRANSPORT --- Gases --- Liquids --- Physics --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Solutions, Solid --- Matter --- Packed towers --- Semiconductor doping --- Diffusion --- Properties --- solidification - stabilization --- coclodextrin complexation --- oil contaminated soil --- contact biotest --- soil toxicity --- USTs --- DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON --- hexachlorocyclohexane ( HCH ) --- DUMPING SITE --- Waste disposal sites. --- Waste disposal in the ground --- aquifer A --- Wastewaters --- containated land --- Risk communication --- Communication of risk information --- Communication of technical information --- eivironmental policy instruments --- cement - betonite --- Dechlorination. --- PRCBs --- Reduction (Chemistry) --- Pollution prevention. --- decision support system --- Prevention of pollution --- Prevention and control --- PCB ( polychlorinated biphenyls ) --- cleran - up operation --- waste minimisation --- in - situ ( bio ) - remediation --- extraction ( SVE ) --- soil vapor --- groundwater modeling --- Environmental toxicology. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Environmental health --- Ethanol. --- non - isothermal transfer --- Carbon tetrachloride. --- Tetrachloromethane --- Carbon compounds --- Tetrachlorides --- Absolute ethanol --- Alkyl alcohol --- Anhydrol --- Anhydrous alcohol --- Ethyl alcohol --- Ethyl hydrate --- Hydroxyethane --- standardisation --- genetically engineered microorganisms ( GEMs ) --- mixed wastes --- limiting values and standard values --- Solidification. --- compressive strenght --- CEMENTS --- Dredging spoil. --- Porosity. --- Adsorption --- Osmosis --- Dredge spoil --- Dredged material --- Material, Dredged --- Spoil, Dredging --- Dredging --- Waste products --- Spoil banks --- Crystallization --- Melting points --- guide levels --- biotoxicity chlorinated hydrocarbons --- Oxidation. --- Electrolysis. --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Electrochemistry --- Ions --- Autoxidation --- Chemical oxidation --- washing stage --- Organic compounds. --- microbiological --- homogenization --- Drums --- Compounds, Organic --- Organic chemicals --- decision suppoort system --- WATER BALANCE --- covering system --- treatment methods --- Environmental engineering. --- Environmental control --- Environmental effects --- Environmental stresses --- Engineering --- Sustainable engineering --- deep compaction --- phytoxicity --- clean-up cost --- clean-up technologies --- EFFICIENCY --- clean -up --- sampling programme --- extractability --- limiting values and standard costs --- Real property. --- Values. --- Housing. --- contaminated sited --- Affordable housing --- Homes --- Houses --- Housing --- Housing needs --- Residences --- Slum clearance --- Urban housing --- City planning --- Dwellings --- Human settlements --- Axiology --- Worth --- Aesthetics --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Psychology --- Cadastral surveys --- Catastral surveys --- Freehold --- Limitations (Law) --- Property, Real --- Real estate --- Real estate law --- Realty --- Property --- Rent --- Social aspects --- Law and legislation --- POLICY --- reactive barriers --- construction design --- soil clean - up critetia --- soil and goundwater contamination --- remediation plan --- remedial measures --- national binding values --- remedial investigation --- prevention policies --- sodium humate --- SODIUM CHLORIDES --- knowledge transfre --- Public --- ion - exchange resin --- electrodecontamination --- Copper ions. --- electroextraction --- ion - exchange membrane --- Metal ions --- Manures. --- Ammonia. --- FERTILIZATION --- Anhydrous ammonia --- Alkalies --- Nitrogen compounds --- Dung --- Dungs --- Manure --- Animal waste --- Crop residues --- soils decontamination --- MODELLING --- Vacuum. --- High vacuum technique --- Electric discharges through gases --- authorities role --- Sewage. --- Domestic effluent --- Domestic sewage --- Domestic wastewater --- Effluent (Sewage) --- Industrial effluent --- Industrial wastewater --- Sewage effluent --- Waste water --- Waste waters --- Wastewater --- Ion exchange resins. --- Gums and resins --- Moisture of soils --- Soil water --- Groundwater --- Soil infiltration rate --- Soils, Irrigated --- Atmospheric deposition. --- Air pollutant deposition --- Atmospheric fallout --- Atmospheric pollutant deposition --- Deposition of air pollutants --- Deposition of atmospheric pollutants --- Fallout, Atmospheric --- Sedimentation and deposition --- Air --- Accountability --- Moral responsibility --- Obligation --- Supererogation --- modelling of ground water flow --- piling --- intervention value --- target value --- utilization concept --- public awareness --- remedial action concept --- sampling program --- priority list --- giudelines --- landfill site --- PROGRAM --- SUPPORTS --- qualty control --- Mathematical models. --- decontaminated techniques --- Porous materials. --- Porous media --- Porosity --- Models, Mathematical --- Field study. --- soil - to - plant transfer --- HCH hexachlorcyclohexane --- in - situ methods --- remedial actions techniques --- Analytical chemistry