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The paper analyzes the impact of the recent global crisis in the context of the previous two decades' growth and capital flows. Growth decomposition exercises show that Egyptian growth is driven mostly by capital accumulation. To estimate the share of labor in national income, the analysis adjusts the national accounts statistics to include the compensation of self-employed and non-paid family workers. Still, the share of labor, about 30 percent, is significantly lower than previously estimated. The authors estimate the output costs of the current crisis by comparing the output trajectory that would have prevailed without the crisis with the observed and revised gross domestic product projections for the medium term. The fall in private investment was the main driver of the output cost. Even if private investment recovers its pre-crisis levels, there is a permanent loss in gross domestic product per capita of about 2 percent with respect to the scenario without the crisis. The paper shows how the shock to investment is magnified due to the capital-intensive nature of the Egyptian economy: if the economy had the traditionally-used share of labor in income (40 percent), the output loss would have been reduced by half.

Access to Finance --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Capital accumulation --- Capital outflow --- Debt Markets --- Developing countries --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- GDP --- Global economy --- Gross domestic product --- Gross domestic product per capita --- Investment Capital --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- National income --- Private investment --- Private Sector Development

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Drawing on archaeological findings and an unusual combination of Greek and Egyptian evidence, Dorothy Thompson examines the economic life and multicultural society of the ancient Egyptian city of Memphis in the era between Alexander and Augustus. Now thoroughly revised and updated, this masterful account is essential reading for anyone interested in ancient Egypt or the Hellenistic world.The relationship of the native population with the Greek-speaking immigrants is illustrated in Thompson's analysis of the position of Memphite priests within the Ptolemaic state. Egyptians continued to control mummification and the cult of the dead; the undertakers of the Memphite necropolis were barely touched by things Greek. The cult of the living Apis bull also remained primarily Egyptian; yet on death the bull, deified as Osorapis, became Sarapis for the Greeks. Within this god's sacred enclosure, the Sarapieion, is found a strange amalgam of Greek and Egyptian cultures.

Ptolemaic dynasty, --- Memphis (Extinct city) --- Memphis (Ville ancienne) --- Civilization. --- Civilisation --- Civilization --- Ptolemaic dynasty --- Ptolemaic dynasty,-305 B.C.-30 B.C. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Archaeology. --- Alexandria. --- Aphrodite priests. --- Apis calves. --- Black Sea region. --- Darius III. --- Eudoxos of Knidos. --- Hellenomemphites. --- Herme. --- Jeremiah, prophet. --- Kallikrates of Samos. --- Kom el Nawa. --- Leptines. --- Lykopolis. --- Memphite nome. --- Menes. --- Nubia and Nubians. --- Octavian. --- Persians. --- Red Sea, ports. --- acropolis. --- agriculture. --- bakers. --- burial rites. --- cereals. --- citadel. --- coronations. --- dockyards. --- dykes. --- fertility rites. --- foreign communities. --- fortune-telling. --- garrison troops. --- gymnasium. --- imports. --- investment, capital. --- irrigation. --- jewelry. --- limestone. --- mobility, social. --- musicians, priestess. --- ostraka. --- patronage. --- philosophers. --- pilgrims. --- priests. --- quarters of the city. --- sacrifices. --- shipbuilding. --- stoneworking. --- terracotta. --- violence. --- Egypt --- Antiquities --- Ptolemaic dynasty, - 305-30 B.C

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Emile (1800-75) and Isaac Pereire (1806-80) were pivotal and sensational figures, their lives and careers a lens through which to re-examine the history of France in the nineteenth century. Among the first generation of Jews emancipated by the French Revolution, they became significant Saint-Simonians, contributing to its philosophy of financial and economic reform. They were the first to implement the new rail technology in France and to launch the first investment bank of any size in Europe, the Crédit Mobilier. The Pereires ultimately came to stand behind banks and railways throughout Europ

Jewish businesspeople. --- Industrialists. --- Businesspeople. --- Industrialists --- Jewish businesspeople --- Businesspeople --- Business people --- Business persons --- Businesspersons --- Entrepreneurs --- Professional employees --- Manufacturers --- Jewish businessmen --- Pereire, Isaac, --- Pereire, Emile, --- France. --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Faguo --- Falanxi --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Faransā --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrijk --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant︠s︡ --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Γαλλία --- Франц --- Франц Улс --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Францыя --- Франция --- Френска република --- פראנקרייך --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- فرانسه --- فرنسا --- フランス --- フランス共和国 --- 法国 --- 法蘭西 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- 프랑스 --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- Pereire, Jacob-Emile, --- Pereire, J., --- Farans --- Frant͡ --- Frant͡s Uls --- Frant͡sii͡ --- Frantsuzskai͡a Rėspublika --- Frantsyi͡ --- Pʻŭrangs --- Emile. --- Isaac Pereire. --- Judaism. --- Saint-Simonianism. --- business practices. --- family business. --- investment capital. --- nineteenth-century France. --- partnership. --- political allegiance. --- railway entrepreneurs. --- socialism.