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86.80 international law: general. --- 89.75 international conflicts: general. --- Border conflicts. --- Guyana --- Guyana. --- Surinam (country). --- Suriname --- Boundaries

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This scientific journal began by publishing research work from many countries on the origins of Second World War, policies, strategies, and battles of the warring nations, then expanded its field of research to include the periods leading up to and following this conflict, thereby affirming its international scope. It covers all twentieth century conflicts.

World War, 1914-1918 --- World War, 1939-1945 --- World politics --- Military history, Modern --- Guerre mondiale, 1914-1918 --- Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 --- Histoire militaire --- Military history, Modern. --- World politics. --- International conflicts. --- Wars. --- MILITARY HISTORY. --- ARMED CONFLICTS. --- WAR. --- EUROPE. --- WORLD WAR (1939-1945) --- Colonialism --- Global politics --- International politics --- Political history --- Political science --- World history --- Eastern question --- Geopolitics --- International organization --- International relations --- Modern military history --- World War (1914-1918) --- World War (1939-1945) --- 1900-2099 --- anno 1910-1919

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I use a monthly panel of provincially-collected central government revenues and conflict fatalities to estimate government revenues lost due to conflict in Afghanistan since 2005. I identify causal effects by instrumenting for conflict using pre-sample ethno-linguistic share. Headline estimates are very large, implying total revenue losses since 2005 of $3bn, and future revenue gains from peace of about 6 percent of GDP per year. Reduced collection efficiency, rather than lower economic activity, appears to be the key channel. OLS estimates understate the causal effect by a factor of four. Comparing to estimates from Powell’s (2017) generalized synthetic control method suggests that this bias results from omitted variables and measurement error in equal share. The findings underscore the considerable economic loss due to conflict, and the importance of careful identification in measuring this loss.

Fiscal policy. --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Economic policy --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Econometrics --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- International Conflicts --- Negotiations --- Sanctions --- Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government --- Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law --- Estimation --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Estimation techniques --- Price controls --- Revenue administration --- Public expenditure review --- Revenue sharing --- Econometric analysis --- Prices --- Expenditure --- Taxes --- Econometric models --- Revenue --- Expenditures, Public --- Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of

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This paper assesses how monetary policy outcomes affect fragility. Diving into the universe of the most prominent combinations of pursued monetary policy objectives across fragile settings, we examine the relationships between monetary policy outcomes and fragility and find the combination of reduction of inflation and lower unemployment to be the one that delivers the highest payoff in terms of promoting peace and cohesion. Setting aside challenges of monetary policy transmission, results from our analysis broadly confirm the above “winning” combination, with low inflation as a primary desired outcome and low unemployment rate as a secondary one. We also carry out a series of robustness tests, which confirm our findings. Overall, our results lend credence to the importance of paying attention—in the context of reducing fragility—to monetary policy outcomes.

Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- Inflation --- Labor --- Foreign Exchange --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Monetary Policy --- International Conflicts --- Negotiations --- Sanctions --- Globalization: Economic Development --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Labour --- income economics --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Prices --- Unemployment rate --- Exchange rates --- Monetary policy frameworks --- Monetary policy --- Price stabilization --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economics --- Unemployment --- Government policy

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Social work is the profession that claims to intervene to enhance people's well-being. However, social workers have played a low-key role in environmental issues that increasingly impact on people's well-being, both locally and globally.This compelling new contribution confronts this topic head-on, examining environmental issues from a social work perspective. Lena Dominelli draws attention to the important voice of practitioners working on the ground in the aftermath of environmental disasters, whether these are caused by climate change, industrial accidents or human conflict. The author explores the concept of green social work' and its role in using environmental crises to address poverty and other forms of structural inequalities, to obtain more equitable allocations of limited natural resources and to tackle global socio-political forces that have a damaging impact upon the quality of life of poor and marginalized populations at local levels. The resolution of these matters is linked to community initiatives that social workers can engage in to ensure that the quality of life of poor people can be enhanced without costing the Earth. This important book will appeal to those in the fields of social work, social policy, sociology and human geography. It powerfully reveals how environmental issues are an integral part of social work's remit if it is to retain its currency in the modern world and emphasize its relevance to the social issues that societies have to resolve in the twenty-first century.eu.wiley.com

Social problems --- sociaal werk --- klimaatveranderingen --- vervuiling --- Social welfare methods --- methoden van het sociaal werk --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Sociaal werk --- Duurzaamheid --- Milieu --- Milieubeleid --- UMWELTZERSTÖRUNG + UMWELTKATASTROPHEN --- UMWELTZERSTÖRUNG UND UMWELTSCHUTZ, UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN --- UMWELTSOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN, UMWELTSOZIOLOGIE --- UMWELTKONFLIKTE (INNENPOLITIK) --- UMWELTFLÜCHTLINGE (POLITIK) --- UMWELTBELASTUNG/AUSWIRKUNG AUF DEN MENSCHEN (UMWELTMEDIZIN) --- GERECHTIGKEIT (ETHIK) --- SOZIALE PROBLEME UND PROBLEMFELDER --- MIGRATION + BEVÖLKERUNGSWANDERUNG (INNENPOLITIK) --- ENERGIEBEDARF + ENERGIENACHFRAGE --- GLOBAL CHANGE + KLIMAERWÄRMUNG (KLIMATOLOGIE) --- KLIMAPOLITIK (UMWELTPOLITIK) --- INTERNATIONALE KONFLIKTE + KONFLIKTLÖSUNG (INTERNATIONALE POLITIK) --- DESTRUCTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT + CATASTROPHES ÉCOLOGIQUES --- ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION + ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS --- DESTRUCTION ET PROTECTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT --- DESTRUCTION AND SAFEGUARD OF THE ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES --- SCIENCES SOCIALES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, SOCIOLOGIE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT --- ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY --- CONFLITS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX (POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE) --- ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS (INTERNAL POLITICS) --- RÉFUGIÉS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX (POLITIQUE) --- ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES (POLITICS) --- ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HUMAN BEINGS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION (ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE) --- ATTEINTES À L'ENVIRONNEMENT/NÉFASTES À L'HOMME (MÉDECINE ENVIRONNEMENTALE) --- JUSTICE (ETHICS) --- JUSTICE (ÉTHIQUE) --- SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND PROBLEM AREAS --- PROBLÈMES SOCIAUX ET DOMAINES DE PROBLÈMES SOCIAUX --- MIGRATION + POPULATION MOVEMENTS (INTERNAL POLITICS) --- MIGRATION + MOUVEMENT DE LA POPULATION (POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE) --- ENERGY REQUIREMENT --- BESOINS EN ÉNERGIE --- GLOBAL CHANGE + GLOBAL WARMING (CLIMATOLOGY) --- CHANGEMENT GLOBAL + RÉCHAUFFEMENT CLIMATIQUE (CLIMATOLOGIE) --- CLIMATE POLICY (ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY) --- POLITIQUE DU CLIMAT (POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT) --- INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS + RESOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS (INTERNATIONAL POLITICS) --- CONFLITS INTERNATIONAUX + RESOLUTION DES CONFLITS (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE) --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- Maatschappelijk werk ; ethiek --- 504 --- UMWELTZERSTÖRUNG + UMWELTKATASTROPHEN. --- UMWELTZERSTÖRUNG UND UMWELTSCHUTZ, UMWELTWISSENSCHAFTEN. --- UMWELTSOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN, UMWELTSOZIOLOGIE. --- UMWELTKONFLIKTE (INNENPOLITIK). --- UMWELTFLÜCHTLINGE (POLITIK). --- UMWELTBELASTUNG/AUSWIRKUNG AUF DEN MENSCHEN (UMWELTMEDIZIN). --- GERECHTIGKEIT (ETHIK). --- SOZIALE PROBLEME UND PROBLEMFELDER. --- MIGRATION + BEVÖLKERUNGSWANDERUNG (INNENPOLITIK). --- ENERGIEBEDARF + ENERGIENACHFRAGE. --- GLOBAL CHANGE + KLIMAERWÄRMUNG (KLIMATOLOGIE). --- KLIMAPOLITIK (UMWELTPOLITIK). --- INTERNATIONALE KONFLIKTE + KONFLIKTLÖSUNG (INTERNATIONALE POLITIK). --- DESTRUCTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT + CATASTROPHES ÉCOLOGIQUES. --- ENVIRONMENTAL DESTRUCTION + ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS. --- DESTRUCTION ET PROTECTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, SCIENCES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT. --- DESTRUCTION AND SAFEGUARD OF THE ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. --- SCIENCES SOCIALES DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, SOCIOLOGIE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT. --- ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL SCIENCES, ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY. --- CONFLITS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX (POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE). --- ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS (INTERNAL POLITICS). --- RÉFUGIÉS ENVIRONNEMENTAUX (POLITIQUE). --- ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES (POLITICS). --- ADVERSE EFFECTS ON HUMAN BEINGS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION (ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE). --- ATTEINTES À L'ENVIRONNEMENT/NÉFASTES À L'HOMME (MÉDECINE ENVIRONNEMENTALE). --- JUSTICE (ETHICS). --- JUSTICE (ÉTHIQUE). --- SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND PROBLEM AREAS. --- PROBLÈMES SOCIAUX ET DOMAINES DE PROBLÈMES SOCIAUX. --- MIGRATION + POPULATION MOVEMENTS (INTERNAL POLITICS). --- MIGRATION + MOUVEMENT DE LA POPULATION (POLITIQUE INTÉRIEURE). --- ENERGY REQUIREMENT. --- BESOINS EN ÉNERGIE. --- GLOBAL CHANGE + GLOBAL WARMING (CLIMATOLOGY). --- CHANGEMENT GLOBAL + RÉCHAUFFEMENT CLIMATIQUE (CLIMATOLOGIE). --- CLIMATE POLICY (ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY). --- POLITIQUE DU CLIMAT (POLITIQUE DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT). --- INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS + RESOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS (INTERNATIONAL POLITICS). --- CONFLITS INTERNATIONAUX + RESOLUTION DES CONFLITS (POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE). --- Ecologie --- Migratie --- Vluchtelingen --- Sociaal beleid --- PXL-Social Work 2015 --- sociale vraagstukken --- milieueffecten --- sociale economie --- klimaatverandering --- Duurzame ontwikkeling --- Sociaal werk (beroep)