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The 'Crimean War' was much more than a series of battles in the Crimea. One of the most neglected aspects has been the naval campaign in the Pacific Ocean - as highlighted in this full-scale survey, which brings out the involvement of China and Japan. The campaign took a joint British and French squadron from Chile to Kamchatka, to be defeated in battle at Petropavlovsk - where the British Admiral committed suicide. Despite their victory, the Russians withdrew from all their Pacific coastal settlements, and the British and French concentrated on searching for the mouth of the Amur River, thought to be a Russian base. The Russians in turn also concentrated there, in order to build a base, sending repeated expeditions along the river. Both China, who claimed to rule along the Amur, and Japan, only just `opened up' by Commodore Perry's expedition, were involved - indeed, the British used a Japanese port as their advanced base. The United States had only recently reached the Pacific coast and several Americans had their eyes on Russian Alaska and Hawaii as territories for future acquisitions. All this meant the Allies had to tread very delicately in Pacific waters. The war in Europe ended before a decisive action could take place in the Pacific. Ironically, having lost in the fighting, the Russians ended with a great advance in their territory.

Crimean War, 1853-1856 --- Guerre de Crimée, 1853-1856 --- Campaigns. --- Naval operations. --- Campagnes et batailles --- Opérations navales --- Russo-Turkish War, 1853-1856 --- Russo-Turkish Wars, 1676-1878 --- Eastern question (Balkan) --- Campaigns --- Naval operations --- Naval operations, British --- Naval operations, British. --- Amur River. --- China. --- Crimean War. --- International conflict. --- Japan. --- Naval campaign. --- Pacific Ocean. --- Petropavlovsk battle. --- Russian territories. --- United States.

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Border fixity-the proscription of foreign conquest and the annexation of homeland territory-has, since World War II, become a powerful norm in world politics. This development has been said to increase stability and peace in international relations. Yet, in a world in which it is unacceptable to challenge international borders by force, sociopolitically weak states remain a significant source of widespread conflict, war, and instability. In this book, Boaz Atzili argues that the process of state building has long been influenced by external territorial pressures and competition, with the absence of border fixity contributing to the evolution of strong states-and its presence to the survival of weak ones. What results from this norm, he argues, are conditions that make internal conflict and the spillover of interstate war more likely. Using a comparison of historical and contemporary case studies, Atzili sheds light on the relationship between state weakness and conflict. His argument that under some circumstances an international norm that was established to preserve the peace may actually create conditions that are ripe for war is sure to generate debate and shed light on the dynamics of continuing conflict in the twenty-first century.

Boundaries --- Nation-building. --- Stabilization and reconstruction (International relations) --- State-building --- Political development --- Borders (Geography) --- Boundary lines --- Frontiers --- Geographical boundaries --- International boundaries --- Lines, Boundary --- Natural boundaries --- Perimeters (Boundaries) --- Political boundaries --- Borderlands --- Territory, National --- Political aspects. --- borders, international, conflict, conquest, annexation, homeland, territory, politics, democracy, diplomacy, war, stability, peace, nonfiction, history, instability, state building, competition, boundaries, nation, brandenburg, prussia, argentina, poland, lithuania, lebanon, congo, israel, balkans, middle east, africa, national identity, coup, allegiance, military, invasion.

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"Little else is required to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things." So wrote Adam Smith a quarter of a millennium ago. Using the tools of modern political economics and combining economic theory with a bird's-eye view of the data, this book reinterprets Smith's pillars of prosperity to explain the existence of development clusters--places that tend to combine effective state institutions, the absence of political violence, and high per-capita incomes. To achieve peace, the authors stress the avoidance of repressive government and civil conflict. Easy taxes, they argue, refers not to low taxes, but a tax system with widespread compliance that collects taxes at a reasonable cost from a broad base, like income. And a tolerable administration of justice is about legal infrastructure that can support the enforcement of contracts and property rights in line with the rule of law. The authors show that countries tend to enjoy all three pillars of prosperity when they have evolved cohesive political institutions that promote common interests, guaranteeing the provision of public goods. In line with much historical research, international conflict has also been an important force behind effective states by fostering common interests. The absence of common interests and/or cohesive political institutions can explain the existence of very different development clusters in fragile states that are plagued by poverty, violence, and weak state capacity.

Economic policy --- Economic development --- Business incubators --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Business hatcheries --- Experimental innovation centers (Business) --- Hatcheries, Business --- Incubator industrial parks --- Incubator space (Business) --- Incubators (Entrepreneurship) --- New business incubators --- Industrial districts --- Entrepreneurship --- New business enterprises --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Adam Smith. --- Pillars of Prosperity Index. --- business environment. --- civil conflict. --- civil war. --- developing countries. --- development assistance. --- economic analysis. --- economic development. --- economic institutions. --- economic policy. --- economic theory. --- economics. --- fiscal capacity. --- fragile states. --- governance. --- government. --- income. --- international conflict. --- investment. --- investments. --- justice. --- micropolitics. --- military assistance. --- political economics. --- political reform. --- political stability. --- political turnover. --- political violence. --- poverty. --- prosperity. --- public-finance models. --- repression. --- repressive government. --- state building. --- state capacity. --- tax system. --- technical assistance. --- total factor productivity. --- trust. --- Business incubators. --- Economic development. --- Economic policy. --- Economics.

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BPB0903 --- État de droit --- Conflit international --- Rechtsstaat --- Internationaal conflict --- διεθνής διένεξη --- internationell konflikt --- medzinárodný konflikt --- internationaal conflict --- conflict internațional --- kansainvälinen selkkaus --- internationaler Konflikt --- tarptautinis konfliktas --- mednarodni konflikt --- меѓународен судир --- rahvusvaheline konflikt --- konflikt międzynarodowy --- mezinárodní konflikt --- konflikt ndërkombëtar --- conflito internacional --- international konflikt --- међународни сукоб --- međunarodni sukob --- nemzetközi konfliktus --- conflitto internazionale --- международен конфликт --- starptautisks konflikts --- kunflitt internazzjonali --- international conflict --- conflicto internacional --- crisi internazionale --- international crisis --- rahvusvaheline kriis --- international krise --- světový konflikt --- internationale crisis --- mezinárodní krize --- crise internationale --- internationale Krise --- internationell kris --- internationale Streitigkeit --- crise internacional --- crisis internacional --- oorlogsgevaar --- pericolo di guerra --- меѓународен конфликт --- nemzetközi válság --- krizë ndërkombëtare --- διεθνής κρίση --- kansainvälinen kriisi --- Weltkrise --- medzinárodná kríza --- rischio di guerra --- konflikta izraisīšana --- krigsfare --- nemilitāra krīzes savaldīšana --- nemzetközi krízis --- criză internațională --- tarptautinė krizė --- starptautiska krīze --- διεθνής διαμάχη --- mezinárodní ozbrojený konflikt --- međunarodna kriza --- světová krize --- владеење на правото --- Estado de Direito --- teisinė valstybė --- rechtsstaat --- rule of law --- jogállamiság --- stat de drept --- Estado de Derecho --- právní stát --- państwo prawne --- stat tad-dritt --- õigusriik --- oikeusvaltio --- vladavina prava --- Stato di diritto --- shtet i së drejtës --- κράτος δικαίου --- retsstat --- владавина права --- правова държава --- právny štát --- pravna država --- rättsstat --- tiesiskums --- правна држава --- jogállam --- smacht reachta --- coinbhleacht idirnáisiúnta --- État de droit --- conflit international

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Analyse van de dynamiek van de grootmachten betreffende de wereldzeeën, vanuit historisch, politiek, economisch en filosofisch perspectief.

Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Shipping law --- BPB9999 --- BPB2210 --- politiek --- water --- conflict internațional --- zee --- mer --- Meer --- muir --- mar --- море --- mare --- jūra --- θάλασσα --- moře --- hav --- det --- morze --- more --- tenger --- sea --- meri --- baħar --- morje --- внатрешни морски води --- mar interior --- πέλαγος --- bacino marittimo --- mare interno --- διεθνής διένεξη --- internationell konflikt --- coinbhleacht idirnáisiúnta --- medzinárodný konflikt --- conflit international --- internationaal conflict --- kansainvälinen selkkaus --- internationaler Konflikt --- tarptautinis konfliktas --- mednarodni konflikt --- меѓународен судир --- rahvusvaheline konflikt --- konflikt międzynarodowy --- mezinárodní konflikt --- konflikt ndërkombëtar --- conflito internacional --- international konflikt --- међународни сукоб --- međunarodni sukob --- nemzetközi konfliktus --- conflitto internazionale --- международен конфликт --- starptautisks konflikts --- kunflitt internazzjonali --- international conflict --- conflicto internacional --- crisi internazionale --- international crisis --- rahvusvaheline kriis --- international krise --- světový konflikt --- internationale crisis --- mezinárodní krize --- crise internationale --- internationale Krise --- internationell kris --- internationale Streitigkeit --- crise internacional --- crisis internacional --- oorlogsgevaar --- pericolo di guerra --- меѓународен конфликт --- nemzetközi válság --- krizë ndërkombëtare --- διεθνής κρίση --- kansainvälinen kriisi --- Weltkrise --- medzinárodná kríza --- rischio di guerra --- konflikta izraisīšana --- krigsfare --- nemilitāra krīzes savaldīšana --- nemzetközi krízis --- criză internațională --- tarptautinė krizė --- starptautiska krīze --- διεθνής διαμάχη --- mezinárodní ozbrojený konflikt --- međunarodna kriza --- světová krize --- víz --- Wasser --- água --- vanduo --- вода --- agua --- ilma --- vand --- apă --- νερό --- ujë --- vesi --- voda --- ūdens --- uisce --- eau --- woda --- vatten --- acqua --- idrosfera --- хидросфера --- politica --- politika --- Politik --- politică --- politikë --- política --- polityka --- politique --- πολιτική --- polaitíocht --- poliitika --- politics --- политика --- politik --- politiikka --- politisches Leben --- πολιτική ζωή --- politisk liv --- vida política --- политички живот --- politikai élet --- политически живот --- politisk verksamhet --- politiek leven --- poliittinen elämä --- jetë politike --- viață politică --- politiskā dzīve --- życie polityczne --- politički život --- politinis gyvenimas --- politiskt liv --- vie politique --- ħajja politika --- politično življenje --- politický život --- political life --- vita politica --- conflict internațional