Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Nowadays, the amount of data and calculation capabilities of algorithms are constantly increasing. It has become crucial for companies to manage them to improve their performance management and decision-making process in order to stay competitive. Therefore, having an effective steering tool to face this complex environment has become a major challenge. In this view, it is now critical for the profession of auditors to get ready to reshape their role, develop new skills and knowledge to meet new expectations. 
In such conditions a question has raised: “Artificial Intelligence: which impact on internal audit?”

In this report, the topics covered concern the use of AI in the internal audit sector, implementation improvement’s areas as well as the vision of internal audit consultants towards it. 

The applied methodology in order to answer our questions has been divided into three parts. Firstly, we have developed a literature review based on a deep analysis of the different characteristics of internal audit and AI. 
Secondly, we have undertaken an empirical research to get a better understanding and a deeper knowledge of issues. 
This qualitative analysis helped us finally to validate key success factors from both theoretical analysis and interviews and to spot the potential challenges professionals will have to overcome in the next years. 
A summary study of it, has been developed through a SWOT analysis which confirms that AI systems go way beyond technical aspects and have to be considered globally to make his strategy successful.

Internal Audit --- Artificial Intelligence --- SWOT Aanalysis --- qualitative analysis --- empirical research --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre comment la relation entre l'audit interne et l'audit externe, encadrée de manière théorique par la norme d'audit ISA 610, est mise en place en pratique.

Pour ce faire, il est tout d'abord nécessaire de comprendre le mode de fonctionnement de chacune des parties pour, ensuite, analyser les conditions (notamment, l'évaluation de la fonction d'audit interne et de ses travaux) qui encadrent l'utilisation des travaux de l'audit interne par l'audit externe. Cette partie théorique se base sur les normes d'audit ainsi que sur un certain nombre d'études précédemment réalisées sur le sujet.

Dans un second temps, il s’agit d’analyser, en pratique, au travers d'interviews réalisées auprès d'auditeurs internes et d'auditeurs externes, dans quelle proportion et à quel niveau les interactions entre audit interne et audit externe ont lieu. Nous nous rendons, dès lors, compte qu’en pratique, ces interactions ont principalement lieu au niveau de la vérification des contrôles internes, mais restent relativement faibles en raison de plusieurs facteurs, à savoir : la faible présence de fonctions d'audit interne, l'obligation d'évaluation de l'audit interne coûteuse en termes de temps, et les différences en termes d'objectifs, de méthodologie, et de périodicité des tests réalisés. La collaboration peut, cependant, être incitée par l'appât du gain ,en termes de temps pour l'auditeur externe, ou financier pour le client, mais ces gains restent rarement significatifs. Enfin, la collaboration entre audit interne et audit externe n'a aucune influence sur la détection de fraude, seule la présence d'une fonction d'audit interne peut avoir un impact.

Internal audit --- External audit --- ISA 610 --- Collaboration --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

By decentralising decision-making to ensure that it is relevant and rapidly implemented, companies improve their performance. That is how business operations became a key question for both Board of directors and employees.
Internal auditors give in this regard « reasonable assurance that operations conducted, decisions taken are under control and, consequently, they contribute to company’s objectives. And if it was not the case, recommendations to remedy the situation should have been brought. » To this purpose, internal auditors evaluate if companies are able to realize their objectives and globally master inherent risks to their activity. In view of its utility, internal audit function has considerably grown over the last thirty years.
This thesis studies to what extent internal audit contribute to the realization of the company’s objectives.
In order to answer this general question, we first performed a theorical research in which we defined, on the one hand, internal audit function and, on the other hand, the different types of company’s objectives and their measuring tools. Then, we conducted a qualitative research among eleven internal auditors and one company director.
Thanks to the theorical research and the interviews, we conclude that internal audit actually takes into account the strategy of the company in the preparation of audit plan and recommendations. Its contribution to company’s objectives is done thanks to its risk-based approach

internal audit --- internal auditors --- risk management --- company's objectives --- reasonable assurance --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Numerous scandals happened in the corporate world. Some of them are now considered as textbook cases. They are used to teach students what already happened, how to deal with that, how to avoid that, and how to prevent those cases from happening. Even though those cases brought a lot to professionals on how to avoid those situations, it is still happening nowadays. 
There are a lot of different frauds happening in businesses. Frauds can occur in every company in different forms. Some are related to the business’ activities, and some can happen in every company. In order to fight against those frauds, companies must know about it and prevent it. 
This thesis gives explanations on how companies can prevent fraud from happening, and especially banks. In fact, this sector is much regulated and must respect many laws regarding risks management and internal organization. This is the reason why banks are at the heart of this research. 
In this regard, internal audit and internal control are two effective ways to prevent fraud from happening. One of them focuses on the risks that companies face and how to deal with them and the second one focuses on the company’s objectives to be reached. They are developed in this thesis through a literature review along with various fraud types. Indeed, a literature review has been made collecting and gathering information from the existing literature. Two main topics have been addressed in this review, namely: fraud and fraud prevention. 
In the second part, professionals from the banking sector have been interviewed since a qualitative study was conducted. With the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, they have had the opportunity to share with us their experience and opinion on the matter. All details collected have been put in parallel in order to get a full view on what is actually happening in practice. 
In the end, the theoretical information was partially compared to the empirical study. We have noticed that the literature is quite close to what is done in banks. Indeed, this was the area of focus. Internal audit and internal control are frequently, not to say always, used in banks in order to prevent risks such as fraud risk. Banks are well protected against risks they face. The development of such procedures to prevent fraud must be continuous and able to adapt to new situations not yet experienced mostly linked to digital progress.

Fraud --- banks --- Internal audit --- Internal control --- Fraud Prevention --- Fraud triangle --- COSO --- Fraud detection --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The European regulation regarding the protection of personal data (GDPR) was introduced in May 2018. In this regard, some companies had to appoint a data protection officer (DPO). Some questions can arise from the application of this new regulation.
This essay tries to answer two of these possible questions:
- Does this DPO function provide some added value to the organisation?
- What is the influence of the DPO on the internal audit within the organisation?
The literature review provides throughout the regulation, a general description of the DPO as well as the confirmation of his influence on the internal audit and some details in this respect.
Such a study is conducted by means of interviews in collaboration with some professionals: data protection officers and internal auditors from organisations in various sectors.
The analysis of these interviews shows:
As regards the first question, DPO’s can in reality differ in some respects from each other and it also provides the confirmation of his added value as well as some details hereabout. Concerning the second question, new precisions and answers about the influence of the DPO’s on the internal audit are provided and one can state that his impact is not the same in all organisations.
These findings lead to the following conclusions:
Depending on the organisation, the DPO can provide an added value but everyone has not perceived it yet. The DPO’s and the internal auditors have a relation of supervision and collaboration. Finally, the importance of their influence differs from one organisation to another.

GDPR --- DPO --- Data protection officer --- European Union (EU) --- internal audit --- Data protection regulation --- added value --- Sciences économiques & de gestion > Comptabilité & audit