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Athletes and their support personnel are constantly seeking evidence-informed recommendations to enhance athletic performance during competition and to optimize training-induced adaptations. Accordingly, nutritional and supplementation strategies are commonplace when seeking to achieve these aims, with such practices being implemented before, during, or after competition and/or training in a periodized manner. Performance nutrition is becoming increasingly specialized and needs to consider the diversity of athletes and the nature of the competitions. This Special Issue, Nutrition Support for Athletic Performance, describes recent advances in these areas.

satiety --- n/a --- polyphenols --- Paralympic --- intermittent exercise --- ammonia --- carbohydrate intake --- supplementation --- elite athletes --- recommendations --- muscle function --- carbohydrate --- exercise-induced muscle damage --- nutrition knowledge --- work capacity --- nutritional supplements --- pomegranate --- dietary protein --- peptide YY --- energy availability --- energy --- nitric oxide --- antioxidant --- stroke count --- athletes --- sports nutrition --- female athletes --- ghrelin --- nutrition --- nutritional recommendations --- fluid replacement --- central fatigue --- Paralympic athlete --- dietary intervention --- wheelchair rugby --- resistance training --- quadriplegic athletes --- gender --- hypertrophy --- exercise --- energy balance --- recovery --- endurance --- chrononutrition --- sleep --- RED-S --- immune function --- dietary supplements --- physical performance --- ergogenic aids --- diet --- tryptophan --- glucose --- stroke rate --- oral microbiome --- health --- team sports --- fructose --- calories --- muscle mass --- exercise and sport nutrition --- anaerobic power --- athletics --- tart cherry

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This book contains selected papers from the 9th annual conference of the Hellenic Society of Biochemistry and Physiology of Exercise (2019). Exercise biochemistry and exercise physiology are two closely related sport sciences that examine how muscle activity alters the way our bodies (and those of other animals) function at the levels of molecules, cells, organs, and whole body. Included in the book is original research on biochemical and physiological adaptations of children, adolescents, and adults to exercise training; on the use of biochemical and physiological tests to assess sport performance; and on how exercise can fight disease.

intermittent swimming --- swimming training --- arm stroke rate --- arm stroke length --- validity --- range of motion --- hamstrings --- stretching exercises --- gymnastics --- team sports --- straight leg raise --- youth --- fascicle length --- muscle thickness --- maturation --- musculotendinous junction --- ultrasound --- breast cancer --- chemotherapy --- physical activity --- quality of life --- exercise --- QoL --- treatment --- preadolescence --- child --- post-activation performance enhancement --- sprint --- warm-up --- rate of perceived exertion --- haemoglobin --- diabetes --- fitness --- cardiovascular health --- nutrition --- aerobic fitness --- intermittent exercise --- prepubertal children --- lactate threshold --- continuous swimming --- physiological responses --- biomechanical parameters --- female --- adolescence --- resistance training --- plyometric training --- strength training --- endurance --- aerobic performance --- running economy --- maximal oxygen consumption --- oxygen fractional utilization --- running

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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Psychology --- Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity --- n/a

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The improvement of exercise performance in sports not only involves the enhancement of physical strength, but also includes the development of psychological and cognitive functions. There is an increasing body of evidence to show that physical exercise is a powerful way to improve a number of aspects of cognition and brain function at the systemic and behavioral levels. Yet, several questions remain: What type of exercise program is optimal for improving cognitive functions? What are the real effects of certain innovative exercise protocols on the relationship between behavior and the brain? To what extent do ergogenic aids boost cognitive function? How efficient are neuromodulation techniques in relation to behavioral performance? The answers to these questions likely require multidisciplinary insights not only from physiologists and sports scientists, but also from neuroscientists and psychologists. The manuscripts published (16 research papers and one perspective article from various academic fields) in this Special Issue Book “Exercise: A Gate That Primes the Brain to Perform” bring together current knowledge and novel directions in human exercise-cognition research dealing with performance. This book showcases the various relationships between cognitive function, brain activity, and behavioral performance with applications in sports and exercise science.

Psychology --- Muscle fatigue --- voluntary activation --- self-control --- performance --- motivation --- exercise physiology --- cognition --- high intensity interval training --- moderate intensity continuous exercise --- exercise training --- transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) --- whole-body movement --- motor system --- muscle strength --- high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) --- foot muscle strength --- passive ankle kinesthesia --- static balance --- exercise --- executive functions --- core symptoms --- children --- autism spectrum disorders --- personalized training --- personalized medicine --- exercise prescription --- inhibition --- basketball --- playing positions --- Go/NoGo --- event-related potential --- volition --- brain structure --- sense of agency --- sport --- MRI --- brain regulation --- physical performance --- cognitive performance --- supplementation --- sprint start --- cerebral oxygenation --- ventral-lateral-prefrontal-cortex --- caffeine --- prolonged intermittent exercise --- exercise performance --- acute aerobic exercise --- declarative memory --- procedural memory --- coding period --- consolidation period --- resistance training --- barbell training --- strength training --- HIFT --- neurocognition --- effort --- exertion --- obesity --- inhibitory control --- aerobic exercise --- resistance exercise --- aging --- cardiovascular exercise --- fronto-parietal network --- neuroimaging --- motor performance --- priming tDCS --- cathodal --- multiple sessions --- motor learning --- neuroplasticity