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This book focuses on the interaction between different energy vectors, that is, between electrical, thermal, gas, and transportation systems, with the purpose of optimizing the planning and operation of future energy systems. More and more renewable energy is integrated into the electrical system, and to optimize its usage and ensure that its full production can be hosted and utilized, the power system has to be controlled in a more flexible manner. In order not to overload the electrical distribution grids, the new large loads have to be controlled using demand response, perchance through a hierarchical control set-up where some controls are dependent on price signals from the spot and balancing markets. In addition, by performing local real-time control and coordination based on local voltage or system frequency measurements, the grid hosting limits are not violated.

History of engineering & technology --- hybrid electricity-natural gas energy systems --- power to gas (P2G) --- low-carbon --- economic environmental dispatch --- trust region method --- Levenberg-Marquardt method --- integrated energy park --- park partition --- double-layer optimal scheduling --- non-cooperative game --- Nash equilibrium --- energy flexibility --- power-to-heat --- multi energy system --- flexible demand --- thermal storage --- electric boiler --- estimation of thermal demand --- integrated energy system --- integrated demand response --- medium- and long-term --- system dynamics --- user decision --- photovoltaic generation --- ultralow-frequency oscillation --- small-signal model --- eigenvalue analysis --- damping torque --- triple active bridge --- integrated energy systems --- DC grid --- isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter --- multiport converter --- combined heat and power system --- wind power uncertainty --- scenario method --- temporal dependence --- optimization scheduling --- hydrogen --- multi-energy systems --- power system economics --- renewable energy generation --- whole system modelling --- local energy management systems --- multi-objective optimization --- rolling time-horizon --- emission abatement strategies --- distributed energy systems --- enhance total transfer capability --- day-ahead thermal generation scheduling --- reduce curtailed wind power --- CO2 emissions --- commercial buildings --- flexibility quantification --- flexibility optimization --- HVAC systems --- network operation --- residential buildings --- dissemination --- renewable energy policy --- renewable energy subsidies --- solar PV --- TSTTC of transmission lines --- sensitivity between TSTTC and reactive power --- reactive power control method --- urban integrated heat and power system --- random fluctuations of renewable energy --- flexibility scheduling --- temperature dynamics of the urban heat network --- heat pumps --- power grid --- gas distribution --- grid expansion planning --- load-profiles --- energy system analysis --- modeling --- multi-energy system --- smart energy system --- self-sufficiency --- dynamic market

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This book is a Special Issue Reprint edited by Prof. Massimo Vitelli and Dr. Luigi Costanzo. It contains original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: maximum power point tracking techniques; forecasting techniques; sizing and optimization of PV components and systems; PV modeling; reconfiguration algorithms; fault diagnosis; mismatching detection; decision processes for grid operators.

sensor network --- data fusion --- complex network analysis --- fault prognosis --- photovoltaic plants --- ANFIS --- statistical method --- gradient descent --- photovoltaic system --- sustainable development --- PV power prediction --- artificial neural network --- renewable energy --- environmental parameters --- multiple regression model --- moth-flame optimization --- parameter extraction --- photovoltaic model --- double flames generation (DFG) strategy --- Solar cell parameters --- single-diode model --- two-diode model --- COA --- photovoltaic systems --- maximum power point tracking --- single stage grid connected systems --- solar concentrator --- spectral beam splitting --- diffractive optical element --- diffractive grating --- PVs power output forecasting --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems --- particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks --- solar irradiation --- photovoltaic power prediction --- publicly available weather reports --- machine learning --- long short-term memory --- integrated energy systems --- smart energy management --- PV fleet --- clustering-based PV fault detection --- unsupervised learning --- self-imputation --- implicit model solution --- photovoltaic array --- series–parallel --- global optimization --- partial shading --- deterministic optimization algorithm --- metaheuristic optimization algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- solar cell optimization --- finite difference time domain --- optical modelling --- thermal image --- photovoltaic module --- hot spot --- image processing --- deterioration --- linear approximation --- MPPT algorithm --- duty cycle --- global horizontal irradiance --- mathematical modeling --- feed-forward neural networks --- recurrent neural networks --- LSTM cell --- performances evaluation --- clear sky irradiance --- persistent predictor --- photovoltaics --- artificial neural networks --- national power system

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This book is a Special Issue Reprint edited by Prof. Massimo Vitelli and Dr. Luigi Costanzo. It contains original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: maximum power point tracking techniques; forecasting techniques; sizing and optimization of PV components and systems; PV modeling; reconfiguration algorithms; fault diagnosis; mismatching detection; decision processes for grid operators.

History of engineering & technology --- sensor network --- data fusion --- complex network analysis --- fault prognosis --- photovoltaic plants --- ANFIS --- statistical method --- gradient descent --- photovoltaic system --- sustainable development --- PV power prediction --- artificial neural network --- renewable energy --- environmental parameters --- multiple regression model --- moth-flame optimization --- parameter extraction --- photovoltaic model --- double flames generation (DFG) strategy --- Solar cell parameters --- single-diode model --- two-diode model --- COA --- photovoltaic systems --- maximum power point tracking --- single stage grid connected systems --- solar concentrator --- spectral beam splitting --- diffractive optical element --- diffractive grating --- PVs power output forecasting --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems --- particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks --- solar irradiation --- photovoltaic power prediction --- publicly available weather reports --- machine learning --- long short-term memory --- integrated energy systems --- smart energy management --- PV fleet --- clustering-based PV fault detection --- unsupervised learning --- self-imputation --- implicit model solution --- photovoltaic array --- series–parallel --- global optimization --- partial shading --- deterministic optimization algorithm --- metaheuristic optimization algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- solar cell optimization --- finite difference time domain --- optical modelling --- thermal image --- photovoltaic module --- hot spot --- image processing --- deterioration --- linear approximation --- MPPT algorithm --- duty cycle --- global horizontal irradiance --- mathematical modeling --- feed-forward neural networks --- recurrent neural networks --- LSTM cell --- performances evaluation --- clear sky irradiance --- persistent predictor --- photovoltaics --- artificial neural networks --- national power system

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The editors of this Special Issue titled "Intelligent Control in Energy Systems" have attempted to create a book containing original technical articles addressing various elements of intelligent control in energy systems. In response to our call for papers, we received 60 submissions. Of those submissions, 27 were published and 33 were rejected. In this book, we offer the 27 accepted technical articles as well as one editorial. Authors from 15 countries (China, Netherlands, Spain, Tunisia, United Sates of America, Korea, Brazil, Egypt, Denmark, Indonesia, Oman, Canada, Algeria, Mexico, and the Czech Republic) elaborate on several aspects of intelligent control in energy systems. The book covers a broad range of topics including fuzzy PID in automotive fuel cell and MPPT tracking, neural networks for fuel cell control and dynamic optimization of energy management, adaptive control on power systems, hierarchical Petri Nets in microgrid management, model predictive control for electric vehicle battery and frequency regulation in HVAC systems, deep learning for power consumption forecasting, decision trees for wind systems, risk analysis for demand side management, finite state automata for HVAC control, robust μ-synthesis for microgrids, and neuro-fuzzy systems in energy storage.

energy management system --- artificial neural network --- control architecture --- intelligent buildings --- sensitivity analysis --- neural networks --- active balance --- photovoltaic system --- fast frequency response --- artificial intelligence --- MPPT operation --- model uncertainty --- load frequency control --- decision tree --- multi-agent control --- hybrid power plant --- Fault Ride Through Capability --- optimization --- small scale compressed air energy storage (SS-CAES) --- smart micro-grid --- current distortion --- hybrid electric vehicle --- parameter estimation --- railway --- ANFIS --- solar monitoring system --- urban microgrids --- phase-load balancing --- model reduction --- high-speed railway --- energy internet --- coordination of reserves --- differential evolution --- photovoltaic array --- ancillary service --- adjacent areas --- instantaneous optimization minimum power loss --- model predictive control --- HVAC systems --- sliding mode control --- MPPT: maximum power point tracking --- power oscillations --- thyristor --- interaction minimization --- occupancy model --- fuzzy logic controller --- power transformer winding --- RLS --- integrated energy systems --- vibration characteristics --- battery safety --- error estimation --- error compensation --- static friction --- convolutional neural network --- forecasting --- continuous voltage control --- medium voltage --- bridgeless SEPIC PFC converter --- building climate control --- PEM fuel cell --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- compound structured permanent-magnet motor --- occupancy-based control --- four phases interleaved boost converter --- long short term memory --- line switching --- lithium-ion battery pack --- back propagation (BP) neural network --- doubly-fed induction generator --- double forgetting factors --- current controller design --- repetitive controller --- exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve system --- neural network controller --- step-up boost converter --- internal short circuit resistance --- electric power consumption --- electric vehicle --- multiphysical field analysis --- energy efficiency --- multi-energy complementary --- system identification --- ?-synthesis --- network sensitivity --- intelligent control --- ?-class function --- frequency support --- multi-step forecasting --- frequency containment reserve --- orthogonal least square --- rule-based control --- industrial process --- hierarchical Petri nets --- wind integrated power system --- probabilistic power flow --- voltage controlling --- adaptive backstepping --- AC-DC converters --- line loss --- demand side management --- energy systems --- short-circuit experiment --- winding-fault characteristics --- neutral section --- stochastic power system operating point drift --- neural network algorithm --- operation limit violations --- fractional order fuzzy PID controller --- preventive control --- AC static switch --- battery packs --- model-based fault detection --- automotive application --- nonlinear power systems --- adaptive damping control --- pilot point --- energy management --- position control --- frequency control dead band --- fuzzy --- voltage violations --- distribution network planning --- frequency regulation --- energy management strategy --- multiple-point control --- electric meter --- polynomial expansion --- commercial/residential buildings --- system modelling --- three-stage --- soft internal short circuit --- demand response