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Thermal infrared deflectometry is based on the effect that rough surfaces, although having a dull appearance in the visual spectrum, exhibit a specular reflection in the thermal infrared spectrum and therefore enabling surface inspection with the method of deflectometry. This work covers the problems of generating the required thermal code patterns. The evaluation either adapts established methods from deflectometry, or new methods are introduced.

Thermal infrared camera --- Wärmebildkamera --- Infrared-Deflectometry --- Oberflächeninspektion --- Thermische Muster --- Infrarotdeflektometrie --- Surface inspection --- Deflectometry --- Deflektometrie --- Thermal patterns

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As the century begins, natural resources are under increasing pressure, threatening public health and development. As a result, the balance between man and nature has been disrupted, with climatic changes whose effects are starting to be irreversible. Due to the relationship between the quality of the indoor built environment and its energy demand, thermal comfort issues are still relevant in the disciplinary debate. This is also because the indoor environment has a potential impact on occupants' health and productivity, affecting their physical and psychological conditions. To achieve a sustainable compromise in terms of comfort and energy requirements, several challenging questions must be answered with regard to design, technical, engineering, psychological, and physiological issues and, finally, potential interactions with other IEQ issues that require a holistic way to conceive the building envelope design. This Special Issue collected original research and review articles on innovative designs, systems, and/or control domains that can enhance thermal comfort, work productivity, and wellbeing in a built environment, along with works considering the integration of human factors in buildings’ energy performance.

smart broiler chamber --- ventilation system --- wind velocity --- age of air --- computational fluid dynamics --- simulation analysis --- user awareness --- energy consumption --- individual metering --- feedback strategies --- N-ZEB --- IoT --- Trombe wall --- thermal comfort --- passive heating systems --- heat accumulation --- thermal comfort models --- thermal comfort assessment --- Fanger’s models --- moderate environments --- sport facilities --- desert cooler --- evaporative cooling --- indoor air quality --- liquid desiccant --- effectiveness model --- moisture removal --- PMV --- comfort indices --- software --- app --- building simulation --- health and comfort --- evaluation indicators --- work environments --- indoor environmental quality --- indoor comfort --- human health --- clothing thermal insulation --- thermoregulation model --- Tanabe model --- infrared camera --- indoor air quality (IAQ) --- hybrid ventilation --- demand controlled ventilation (DCV) --- internet of things (IoT) --- soft-sensor --- convolution neural networks --- draught --- cooling period --- open office --- thermal sensation --- biological structure and composition --- tissue temperature --- bioheat model --- MRI analysis --- sensitivity analysis

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Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study.

Technology: general issues --- online signature verification --- shape contexts --- function features --- SC-DTW --- symbolic representation --- two-stage method --- finger features --- multimodal recognition --- local coding --- Gabor filter --- LGS --- human identification --- biomarker --- ECG --- machine learning --- Physionet --- Lviv Biometric Dataset --- biometry --- identification --- bloodstream --- image recognition --- multi-biometrics --- bit planes --- block --- mutual information --- cross-device --- dorsal hand vein recognition --- person re-identification --- superpixel --- temporally aligned pooling --- walking cycle --- automatic recognition --- face --- voice --- body motion --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- assessment --- intervention --- curve similarity --- curve similarity model --- curve similarity transformation --- similarity distance --- segmentation matching --- evolutionary computation --- finger vein recognition --- hand vein recognition --- contactless acquisition device --- public vascular pattern dataset --- biometric recognition performance evaluation --- face verification --- optical correlation --- Hausdorff distance --- image classification --- face detection --- depth map ensemble --- filtering --- geometric deep learning --- ear detection --- structured prediction --- semantic segmentation --- rotation equivariance --- Gaussian mixture model --- superpixels --- face recognition systems --- person identification --- biometric systems --- survey --- automatic signature verification --- touch-screen sensor --- data quality --- enrollment phase --- performance assessment --- augmented signature --- security enhancement --- mobile conditions --- biometric recognition --- visible light iris images --- image quality assessment --- image covariates --- quality filtering --- vascular biometric recognition --- wrist vein recognition --- contactless dataset --- pattern recognition --- infrared camera --- non-contact devices --- Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT®) --- Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF®) --- Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) --- fingerprint --- presentation attack detection --- deep learning

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Because of the accelerating progress in biometrics research and the latest nation-state threats to security, this book's publication is not only timely but also much needed. This volume contains seventeen peer-reviewed chapters reporting the state of the art in biometrics research: security issues, signature verification, fingerprint identification, wrist vascular biometrics, ear detection, face detection and identification (including a new survey of face recognition), person re-identification, electrocardiogram (ECT) recognition, and several multi-modal systems. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, engineers, and researchers interested in understanding and investigating this important field of study.

Technology: general issues --- online signature verification --- shape contexts --- function features --- SC-DTW --- symbolic representation --- two-stage method --- finger features --- multimodal recognition --- local coding --- Gabor filter --- LGS --- human identification --- biomarker --- ECG --- machine learning --- Physionet --- Lviv Biometric Dataset --- biometry --- identification --- bloodstream --- image recognition --- multi-biometrics --- bit planes --- block --- mutual information --- cross-device --- dorsal hand vein recognition --- person re-identification --- superpixel --- temporally aligned pooling --- walking cycle --- automatic recognition --- face --- voice --- body motion --- autism spectrum disorder (ASD) --- assessment --- intervention --- curve similarity --- curve similarity model --- curve similarity transformation --- similarity distance --- segmentation matching --- evolutionary computation --- finger vein recognition --- hand vein recognition --- contactless acquisition device --- public vascular pattern dataset --- biometric recognition performance evaluation --- face verification --- optical correlation --- Hausdorff distance --- image classification --- face detection --- depth map ensemble --- filtering --- geometric deep learning --- ear detection --- structured prediction --- semantic segmentation --- rotation equivariance --- Gaussian mixture model --- superpixels --- face recognition systems --- person identification --- biometric systems --- survey --- automatic signature verification --- touch-screen sensor --- data quality --- enrollment phase --- performance assessment --- augmented signature --- security enhancement --- mobile conditions --- biometric recognition --- visible light iris images --- image quality assessment --- image covariates --- quality filtering --- vascular biometric recognition --- wrist vein recognition --- contactless dataset --- pattern recognition --- infrared camera --- non-contact devices --- Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT®) --- Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF®) --- Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) --- fingerprint --- presentation attack detection --- deep learning