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IBDs are diseases that affect about two million people in Europe. They occur primarily in populations aged 15 to 30 years and cause a profound change in the quality of life. During the last twenty years, we have seen the advent of a new type of treatment, biotherapies. The first treatment of this kind was infliximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against TNFα, which was released in 1999. It had a major impact in the therapeutic management. In 2014, a new monoclonal an antibody, Vedolizumab, was released. It is directed against integrin α4β7 and is the first for this class of drugs. Will he have a major interest compared to infliximab in the therapeutic management of IBDs?Through this thesis, we will compare the two treatments on different domains such as the mode of action, safety, efficiency, formulation…. But we will also ask the opinion of patients on this subject through questionnaires distributed in 3 hospitals spread over 2 countries (France and Belgium). By this comparison, we will try to answer our problem. Les MICIS sont des maladies qui touchent environ deux millions de personnes en Europe. Elles se déclarent essentiellement chez les populations de 15 à 30 ans et entraînent une profonde altération de la qualité de vie. Durant les vingt dernières années, on a pu voir l’avènement d’un nouveau type de traitement, les biothérapies. Le premier traitement de la sorte fut l’infliximab, un anticorps monoclonal dirigé contre le TNFα et qui est sortie en 1999. Vedolizumab est sortie. Il est dirigé contre l’intégrine α4β47 et est le premier pour cette classe médicamenteuse. Aurait-il un intérêt majeur par rapport à l’infliximab dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des MICIS ? À travers ce mémoire, nous allons comparer les deux traitements sur différents domaines tel que le mode d’action, la sécurité, l’efficacité, la formulation… mais nous demanderons aussi l’avis des patients sur ce sujet à travers des questionnaires distribués au sein de 3 hôpitaux répartie sur 2 pays (France et Belgique). Par ce comparatif, nous allons essayer de pouvoir répondre à notre problématique.

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized --- vedolizumab --- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases --- Infliximab

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This colligated Special Issue of Pharmaceutics on Precision Medicine: Applied Concepts of Pharmacogenomics in Patients with Various Diseases and Polypharmacy offers to the reader a series of articles that describe the concept of Precision Medicine, discuss its implementation process and limitations, demonstrate its value by illustrating some clinical cases, and open the door to new and more sophisticated techniques and applications.

Medicine --- Clinical & internal medicine --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease --- n/a

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This colligated Special Issue of Pharmaceutics on Precision Medicine: Applied Concepts of Pharmacogenomics in Patients with Various Diseases and Polypharmacy offers to the reader a series of articles that describe the concept of Precision Medicine, discuss its implementation process and limitations, demonstrate its value by illustrating some clinical cases, and open the door to new and more sophisticated techniques and applications.

Medicine --- Clinical & internal medicine --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease --- fibromyalgia (FM) --- myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) --- microRNA --- miRNome --- pharmacogenomics --- pharmacoepigenomics --- SM2miR --- Pharmaco-miR --- repoDB --- ME/CFS Common Data Elements (CDEs) --- dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase --- DPYD --- 5-fluorouracil --- fluoropyrimidine --- therapeutic drug monitoring --- orthotopic liver transplant --- busulfan --- glutathione S-transferase --- genetic polymorphism --- limited sampling strategy --- pharmacokinetics --- clinical pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic testing --- adverse drug reactions --- genotype --- phenotype --- pharmacogene --- barriers to pharmacogenetics implementation --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- chronic low back pain (cLBP) --- genetics --- personalized treatment --- polymorphism --- CYP450 --- tacrolimus --- CYP3A5 --- liver transplant --- pharmacogenomic --- minority --- data collection --- drug --- biomarker --- pharmacogenetics --- pharmacogenetic test --- personalized medicine --- gene expression --- infliximab --- adalimumab --- ulcerative colitis --- Crohn disease --- inflammatory bowel disease

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint inflammation and destruction. Treatment of RA includes the use of conventional (cs), biologic (b) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and oral or intraarticular (IA) glucocorticoids (GCs). All different classes of drugs have shown to halt disease progression in clinical studies. In real life, a physician has more options than just adding or switching to a new ts/bDMARD if any kind of DMARDs has failed. They can modify or optimize the therapy with concomitant csDMARDs, and oral or IA-GC can be added to the treatment regimen. The EULAR states that therapeutic adjustment including the "optimization of csDMARDs dose or route of administration or intra-articular injections of GCs" is recommended. Thus, a new therapeutic agent can be embedded in a whole strategy with parallel optimization of the csDMARD and GC treatment. The idea of treating to target (T2T) for the treatment of RA patients has been around since the late 1990s. Many clinical studies (Ticora, BsSt, Camera) have demonstrated the superiority of a T2T approach. When I talk to physicians, I understand that most of them only rarely inject joints with GC. Therefore, I would like to create an issue on the T2T approach in reality including primary data, reviews, and real-life data demonstrating the general opinion and execution of T2T in treating RA.

Medicine --- rheumatoid arthritis --- sleep --- sleep disorders --- pain --- osteoporosis --- fracture --- fracture risk assessment tool --- treat-to-target --- certolizumab pegol --- csDMARDs --- glucocorticoids --- intra-articular injections --- DAS 28 --- ACR response --- HAQ-DI --- TNFα --- golimumab --- efficacy --- tolerability --- immunogenicity --- methotrexate --- posology --- titration --- oral route --- subcutaneous route --- bioavailability --- effectiveness --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies --- rheumatoid factor --- smoking --- medication --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- Rheumatoid arthritis --- matrix metalloproteinase 3 --- infliximab --- pharmacogenomics --- anti-TNF --- personalized medicine --- baricitinib --- disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs --- pain perception --- outcomes research --- patient perspective --- Rheumatoid Arthritis --- therapy --- DMARD --- MTX --- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors --- ankylosing spondylitis --- biosimilar --- switching --- synovial fibroblasts --- cytokine --- osteoclast --- herbal medicine --- methylation --- next-generation sequencing --- recovery of function --- fatigue --- productivity --- tofacitinib --- oral --- Th1.17 --- IL-17A --- IFN-γ, CD73 --- adenosine --- psoriatic arthritis --- regulation --- pseudoerosions --- hand --- foot --- ultrasonography --- radiography --- computed tomography --- magnetic resonance imaging --- n/a

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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint inflammation and destruction. Treatment of RA includes the use of conventional (cs), biologic (b) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and oral or intraarticular (IA) glucocorticoids (GCs). All different classes of drugs have shown to halt disease progression in clinical studies. In real life, a physician has more options than just adding or switching to a new ts/bDMARD if any kind of DMARDs has failed. They can modify or optimize the therapy with concomitant csDMARDs, and oral or IA-GC can be added to the treatment regimen. The EULAR states that therapeutic adjustment including the "optimization of csDMARDs dose or route of administration or intra-articular injections of GCs" is recommended. Thus, a new therapeutic agent can be embedded in a whole strategy with parallel optimization of the csDMARD and GC treatment. The idea of treating to target (T2T) for the treatment of RA patients has been around since the late 1990s. Many clinical studies (Ticora, BsSt, Camera) have demonstrated the superiority of a T2T approach. When I talk to physicians, I understand that most of them only rarely inject joints with GC. Therefore, I would like to create an issue on the T2T approach in reality including primary data, reviews, and real-life data demonstrating the general opinion and execution of T2T in treating RA.

Medicine --- rheumatoid arthritis --- sleep --- sleep disorders --- pain --- osteoporosis --- fracture --- fracture risk assessment tool --- treat-to-target --- certolizumab pegol --- csDMARDs --- glucocorticoids --- intra-articular injections --- DAS 28 --- ACR response --- HAQ-DI --- TNFα --- golimumab --- efficacy --- tolerability --- immunogenicity --- methotrexate --- posology --- titration --- oral route --- subcutaneous route --- bioavailability --- effectiveness --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies --- rheumatoid factor --- smoking --- medication --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- Rheumatoid arthritis --- matrix metalloproteinase 3 --- infliximab --- pharmacogenomics --- anti-TNF --- personalized medicine --- baricitinib --- disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs --- pain perception --- outcomes research --- patient perspective --- Rheumatoid Arthritis --- therapy --- DMARD --- MTX --- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors --- ankylosing spondylitis --- biosimilar --- switching --- synovial fibroblasts --- cytokine --- osteoclast --- herbal medicine --- methylation --- next-generation sequencing --- recovery of function --- fatigue --- productivity --- tofacitinib --- oral --- Th1.17 --- IL-17A --- IFN-γ, CD73 --- adenosine --- psoriatic arthritis --- regulation --- pseudoerosions --- hand --- foot --- ultrasonography --- radiography --- computed tomography --- magnetic resonance imaging --- rheumatoid arthritis --- sleep --- sleep disorders --- pain --- osteoporosis --- fracture --- fracture risk assessment tool --- treat-to-target --- certolizumab pegol --- csDMARDs --- glucocorticoids --- intra-articular injections --- DAS 28 --- ACR response --- HAQ-DI --- TNFα --- golimumab --- efficacy --- tolerability --- immunogenicity --- methotrexate --- posology --- titration --- oral route --- subcutaneous route --- bioavailability --- effectiveness --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies --- rheumatoid factor --- smoking --- medication --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- Rheumatoid arthritis --- matrix metalloproteinase 3 --- infliximab --- pharmacogenomics --- anti-TNF --- personalized medicine --- baricitinib --- disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs --- pain perception --- outcomes research --- patient perspective --- Rheumatoid Arthritis --- therapy --- DMARD --- MTX --- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors --- ankylosing spondylitis --- biosimilar --- switching --- synovial fibroblasts --- cytokine --- osteoclast --- herbal medicine --- methylation --- next-generation sequencing --- recovery of function --- fatigue --- productivity --- tofacitinib --- oral --- Th1.17 --- IL-17A --- IFN-γ, CD73 --- adenosine --- psoriatic arthritis --- regulation --- pseudoerosions --- hand --- foot --- ultrasonography --- radiography --- computed tomography --- magnetic resonance imaging