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Neuroimmunology --- Neuroimmunomodulation. --- Neurogenic Inflammation. --- Neuroimmunology. --- Neuroimmunomodulation --- Immunology --- Neurosciences --- Inflammation, Neurogenic --- Inflammations, Neurogenic --- Neurogenic Inflammations --- Neuroimmune Mechanisms --- Neuroimmune Process --- Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway --- Neuro-immune Axis --- Neuro-immune Communication --- Neuro-immune Interactions --- Neuro-immunomodulation --- Neuroimmune Axis --- Neuroimmune Communication --- Neuroimmune Interactions --- Neuroimmune Processes --- Vagal Anti-inflammatory Pathway --- Vagal-immune Interactions --- Anti-inflammatory Pathway, Cholinergic --- Anti-inflammatory Pathway, Vagal --- Cholinergic Anti inflammatory Pathway --- Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathways --- Communication, Neuro-immune --- Communication, Neuroimmune --- Interaction, Neuro-immune --- Interaction, Neuroimmune --- Mechanism, Neuroimmune --- Neuro immune Axis --- Neuro immune Communication --- Neuro immune Interactions --- Neuro immunomodulation --- Neuro-immune Communications --- Neuro-immune Interaction --- Neuroimmune Communications --- Neuroimmune Interaction --- Neuroimmune Mechanism --- Process, Neuroimmune --- Vagal Anti inflammatory Pathway --- Vagal Anti-inflammatory Pathways --- Vagal immune Interactions --- Vagal-immune Interaction --- Homeostasis --- Neurosecretory Systems --- Psychoneuroimmunology --- Neurogenic Inflammation --- neurology

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Neuroimmunology --- Neuroimmunomodulation --- Neuroimmunomodulation. --- Neuroimmunology. --- Neuroimmunologie. --- Zeitschrift. --- Online-Publikation. --- Immunology --- Neurosciences --- Neuroimmune Mechanisms --- Neuroimmune Process --- Neuroimmune Processes --- Mechanism, Neuroimmune --- Mechanisms, Neuroimmune --- Neuroimmune Mechanism --- Process, Neuroimmune --- Homeostasis --- Neurosecretory Systems --- Psychoneuroimmunology --- Neurogenic Inflammation --- Neuroimmunologie --- Zeitschrift --- Online-Ressource --- Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway --- Neuro-immune Axis --- Neuro-immune Communication --- Neuro-immune Interactions --- Neuro-immunomodulation --- Neuroimmune Axis --- Neuroimmune Communication --- Neuroimmune Interactions --- Vagal Anti-inflammatory Pathway --- Vagal-immune Interactions --- Anti-inflammatory Pathway, Cholinergic --- Anti-inflammatory Pathway, Vagal --- Cholinergic Anti inflammatory Pathway --- Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathways --- Communication, Neuro-immune --- Communication, Neuroimmune --- Interaction, Neuro-immune --- Interaction, Neuroimmune --- Neuro immune Axis --- Neuro immune Communication --- Neuro immune Interactions --- Neuro immunomodulation --- Neuro-immune Communications --- Neuro-immune Interaction --- Neuroimmune Communications --- Neuroimmune Interaction --- Vagal Anti inflammatory Pathway --- Vagal Anti-inflammatory Pathways --- Vagal immune Interactions --- Vagal-immune Interaction --- Netzpublikation --- Online-Publikation --- Computerdatei im Fernzugriff --- Online-Dokument --- On-line-Dokument --- On-line-Publikation --- Elektronische Publikation --- Periodikum --- Zeitschriften --- Presse --- Fortlaufendes Sammelwerk --- Immunoneurologie --- Immunologie --- Neurologie --- Online-Ressource.

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Medicinal plants have been used for the maintenance of human health since ancient times, in the form of food, spices, and traditional medicines. Medicinal plant-based traditional medicines serve as the primary healthcare systems in various countries even in recent times. Alongside this, medicinal plants have also served as the one of the main sources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. At present, various plant extracts and their isolated phytochemicals are screened and evaluated for their diverse pharmacological activities related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, comparatively little focus is given to the detailed mechanism of action of these agents on the molecular level. Molecular mechanism-based studies are essential for the development of evidence-based traditional medicines as well as for the development of isolated natural products as the lead candidates for novel drug discovery. This main focus of this Special Issue “Plant-based Bioactive Natural Products: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Action” is to cover the recent advances in science related to the molecular mechanisms of action of natural products. A total of nine articles were published in this Special Issue, including two original research articles and two review articles. This Special Issue has provided some new experimental data on bioactive natural products and their detailed mechanisms of action for biological activities. Similarly, review articles have provided state-of-the-art information on the related topics. I would like to thank all the authors for submitting their manuscripts and the reviewers and editors for their contribution to this Special Issue. Furthermore, I am also grateful to the handling editors and staffs of Applied Sciences for their support during the preparation and finalization of this Special Issue.

Medicine --- foodborne diseases --- giardiasis --- herbal drugs --- ethnobotany --- toxoplasmosis --- srophularia buergeriana --- cognitive impairment --- amyloid beta --- tau phosphorylation --- oxidative stress --- anti-apoptotic --- Terminalia chebula fruit --- osteoarthritis --- AyuFlex® --- cartilage collapse --- MMPs --- inflammation response --- vascular inflammation --- liensinine --- VSMC --- macrophage --- proliferation --- migration --- Nigella sativa --- methicillin-resistant --- Staphylococcus aureus --- synergism --- beta-lactam --- antibiotics --- artichoke by-products --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS --- PLE --- GRAS --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- anti-amnesic effect --- cholinergic neurotransmission --- anti-oxidant --- anti-inflammation --- Vepris macropylla --- essential oil --- citral --- antiproliferative activity --- fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy --- human breast cancer cell line --- Vaccinium species --- phytochemicals --- berry --- leaf --- anti-inflammatory pathways --- endothelial dysfunction --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- medicinal plants --- bioactivity --- mechanism of action --- traditional medicines

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Medicinal plants have been used for the maintenance of human health since ancient times, in the form of food, spices, and traditional medicines. Medicinal plant-based traditional medicines serve as the primary healthcare systems in various countries even in recent times. Alongside this, medicinal plants have also served as the one of the main sources for the discovery of new therapeutic agents. At present, various plant extracts and their isolated phytochemicals are screened and evaluated for their diverse pharmacological activities related to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, comparatively little focus is given to the detailed mechanism of action of these agents on the molecular level. Molecular mechanism-based studies are essential for the development of evidence-based traditional medicines as well as for the development of isolated natural products as the lead candidates for novel drug discovery. This main focus of this Special Issue “Plant-based Bioactive Natural Products: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms of Action” is to cover the recent advances in science related to the molecular mechanisms of action of natural products. A total of nine articles were published in this Special Issue, including two original research articles and two review articles. This Special Issue has provided some new experimental data on bioactive natural products and their detailed mechanisms of action for biological activities. Similarly, review articles have provided state-of-the-art information on the related topics. I would like to thank all the authors for submitting their manuscripts and the reviewers and editors for their contribution to this Special Issue. Furthermore, I am also grateful to the handling editors and staffs of Applied Sciences for their support during the preparation and finalization of this Special Issue.

Medicine --- foodborne diseases --- giardiasis --- herbal drugs --- ethnobotany --- toxoplasmosis --- srophularia buergeriana --- cognitive impairment --- amyloid beta --- tau phosphorylation --- oxidative stress --- anti-apoptotic --- Terminalia chebula fruit --- osteoarthritis --- AyuFlex® --- cartilage collapse --- MMPs --- inflammation response --- vascular inflammation --- liensinine --- VSMC --- macrophage --- proliferation --- migration --- Nigella sativa --- methicillin-resistant --- Staphylococcus aureus --- synergism --- beta-lactam --- antibiotics --- artichoke by-products --- phenolic compounds --- HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS --- PLE --- GRAS --- Scrophularia buergeriana --- anti-amnesic effect --- cholinergic neurotransmission --- anti-oxidant --- anti-inflammation --- Vepris macropylla --- essential oil --- citral --- antiproliferative activity --- fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy --- human breast cancer cell line --- Vaccinium species --- phytochemicals --- berry --- leaf --- anti-inflammatory pathways --- endothelial dysfunction --- natural products --- bioactive compounds --- medicinal plants --- bioactivity --- mechanism of action --- traditional medicines

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The combination of an increasing prevalence of diabetes and the aging of populations enables the appearance of a greater number of associated complications such as diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of preventable vision loss in working-age adults. The objective of this Special Issue is to highlight the existing evidence regarding the relationship between oxidative stress and low-grade chronic inflammation induced by hyperglycemia with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, with an emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis and the use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory approaches to prevent or delay the harmful effects of diabetes on retinal tissue.

eicosanoids --- oxidative stress --- diabetic retinopathy --- cyclooxygenase --- lipoxygenase --- Cytochrome P450 --- HDAC6 --- tubastatin A --- retinal endothelial cells --- retinal endothelial cell senescence --- db/db mice --- Cinnamomi Ramulus --- Paeoniae Radix --- CPA4-1 --- blood-retinal barrier --- occludin --- human retina --- epiretinal membrane --- internal limiting membrane --- vitreoretinal surgery --- macular hole --- proliferative diabetic retinopathy --- antioxidants --- diabetes mellitus --- free radicals --- high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) --- inflammatory pathways --- novel therapies --- diabetic retinopathy (DR) --- inflammation --- angiogenesis --- extracellular vesicles --- miRNA --- biomarkers --- apoptosis --- fenofibrate --- thioredoxin --- hyperglycemia --- astaxanthin --- carotenoid --- reactive oxygen species --- photoreceptor cells --- PI3K --- Nrf2 --- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) --- docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) --- retinal pigment epithelium --- antioxidant --- ascorbic acid --- retinal disease --- vitamin D --- GLP-1 --- superoxide dismutase --- biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy --- metabolic memory --- tear film --- aqueous humor --- vitreous humor --- mitochondria --- redox --- photoreceptor --- glycation --- aging --- glyoxalase --- n/a