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Nowadays, type 2 diabetes is a major problem of public health. Previsions for the future are alarming because they announce an important increase of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the world. Thus, it’s important to give an adequate answer and alternative solutions to increase the glycemic control and avoid people developing complications. Glucagon like peptide 1 is an interesting molecule for patients whose pathology is insufficiently taken in charge by today’s oral antidiabetics. This observation leads to the development of incretinomimetics. Two molecules have recently received an authorization for marketing and have demonstrated beneficial effects such as weight loss and glycosilated haemoglobin reduction. These molecules really offer something new in the therapy. But supplementary studies are needed to evaluate long term safety. It’s recommended to use them as complementary treatment. Second generation incretinomimetics, more performants and offering a more comfortable treatment are in development Le diabète de type 2 est aujourd’hui une pathologie devenue un problème de santé publique. Les prévisions pour le futur sont alarmantes puisqu’une augmentation significative de la prévalence du diabète de type 2 est prévue au niveau mondial. Il est donc important d’apporter une réponse adéquate et des solutions alternatives pour mieux contrôler la glycémie et éviter aux patients le développement de complications graves. Le glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-l) est une molécule intéressante pour les patients dont la pathologie est insuffisamment prise en charge par les antidiabétiques oraux sur le marché. C’est à partir de cette constatation que les firmes ont développé les incrétinomimétiques. Deux molécules (exénatide et liraglutide) ont actuellement reçu une autorisation de mise sur le marché et sont administrées par voie injectable. Elles ont démontré leurs effets bénéfiques en réduisant la valeur de l’hémoglobine glyquée et en provoquant une perte de poids significative. Cependant, des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer la sécurité d’usage de ces deux médicaments à long terme. On recommande donc de les utiliser comme traitement complémentaire. Des incrétinomimétiques de seconde génération, plus performants et apportant un plus grand confort d’utilisation sont en cours de développement.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 --- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 --- Incretins

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The prevalence of diabetes is on the increase in the UK and worldwide, partly due to changes in lifestyle which predispose individuals to overweight and obesity. It is estimated that about 90% of the currently diagnosed adults have type 2 diabetes, and based on the World Health Organisation (WHO) report, about 422 million adults were living with diabetes in 2014 compared with 108 million in 1980; this condition caused about 1.5 million deaths in 2012. In the United States of America, it is estimated that about 30.3 million adults are living with diabetes, with a further 1.5 million new diabetes cases diagnosed every year, representing an increasing prevalence of this condition. Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, despite advances in technology and the pharmaceutical industry. These problems may be in the form of acute or long-term complications. Therefore, in order to attenuate the problems of diabetes, management strategies usually include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and dietary interventions. Studies which evaluate the role of nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes often involve human and animal models as these approaches enable us to have a broader and more in-depth understanding of the condition. In some cases, diabetes may co-exist with other conditions, such as stroke, and these may present unique challenges with regard to nutritional interventions. This Special Issue aims to evaluate the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and the role of the diet in the management of people with this condition. This evidence is drawn from both human and animal studies.

low-carbohydrate --- lipids --- carbohydrate restricted diet --- aldosterone --- high fat diet --- interleukin-6 --- rosemary extract --- Hedychium coronarium --- isomaltulose --- low carbohydrate diet --- folk medicine --- free fatty acids (FFA) --- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- mushroom --- protein and fat counting --- incretins --- fish oil --- almond --- Japanese --- vitamin D deficiency --- low energy diet --- AMPK --- women --- glycaemic index --- T2DM --- zinc status --- ginseng --- longitudinal analysis --- dietary management approaches --- glucose monitoring --- gut microbiome --- nutritional supplement --- carbohydrate counting --- gestational diabetes --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- very-low-calorie --- inflammatory parameters --- vitamin D --- subjective appetite --- randomised controlled trial --- total body lean --- insulin secretion --- systematic review --- lactic acid bacteria --- food --- type 2 diabetes --- fish --- zinc intake --- glycaemic control --- diabetes --- dairy products --- glycated haemoglobin --- short chain fatty acids --- glycated hemoglobin A --- glycemic control --- vegetable oil --- standard formula --- cardiovascular risk factors --- DASH --- insulin dosage --- appendicular fat --- body composition --- total body fat --- micronutrients --- 25-OH-D --- obesity --- diabetes reversal --- enteral nutrition --- PUFA --- body mass index --- metabolic syndrome --- lifestyle management --- nutrition --- streptozotocin --- nuts --- enteral tube feeding --- lipid profile --- macronutrients --- triglyceride --- tempeh --- cohort study --- diabetes specific formula --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- diabetes mellitus --- calcium intake --- hyperglycemia --- epidemiology --- trace elements --- dietary intake --- muscle --- appendicular lean --- peanut --- insulin resistance --- sucromalt --- pancreatectomy --- energy restricted diet --- glycemic index --- type 1 diabetes --- fasting blood glucose --- bariatric surgery --- prediabetes --- aronia --- meta-analysis --- chronic conditions --- diabetes management --- dietary pattern --- diet quality --- lipid parameters --- feces