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Functional Nanocomposite Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications reviews how the unique properties of nanoscale composite materials make them ideal candidates for use in biomedical hydrogels. The book covers a range of key nanocomposite materials for use in biomedical hydrogels, including graphene quantum dot, cellulose and collagen nanocomposites. A wide selection of biomedical applications for functional nanocomposite hydrogels is explored, from drug delivery and cancer therapy, to wound healing and bioimaging. This is a key reference for those working in the fields of biomaterials, nanotechnology, pharmacology, biomedical engineering, and anyone with a particular interest in composites and hydrogels. To improve the properties of conventional hydrogels, nanoparticles or nanostructures are incorporated into the hydrogel networks, forming a composite hydrogel with specialized functional properties which are tailored to a specific biomedical application.

Colloids. --- Nanocomposites (Materials) --- Dispersoids --- Gels --- Hydrogels --- Sols --- Amorphous substances --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Diffusion --- Matter --- Micelles --- Particles --- Rheology --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Nanocomposite materials --- Nanostructured composite materials --- Nanostructured composites --- Composite materials --- Nanostructured materials --- Properties --- Nanogels. --- Nanocomposites. --- Hydrogels. --- Colloids --- Hydrocolloids --- Colloid --- Hydrocolloid --- Liquid Crystals --- Hydrogel --- In Situ Hydrogel --- In Situ Hydrogels --- Patterned Hydrogel --- Patterned Hydrogels --- Hydrogel, In Situ --- Hydrogel, Patterned --- Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate --- Nanocomposite --- Nanocomposite Gel --- Nanocomposite Gels --- Nanocomposite Hydrogel --- Nanocomposite Hydrogels --- Gel, Nanocomposite --- Hydrogel, Nanocomposite --- analogs & derivatives

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Even in ancient times, semi-solid preparations for cutaneous application, popularly known as ointments, played an important role in human society. An advanced scientific investigation of “ointments” as dosage forms was initiated in the 1950s. It was only from then on that the intensive physico-chemical characterization of ointments as well as the inclusion of dermatological aspects led to a comprehensive understanding of the various interactions between the vehicle, the active ingredient and the skin. From then on, many researchers were involved in optimizing semi-solid formulations with respect to continuously changing therapeutic and patient needs. Aspects that have been dealt with were the optimization of dermato-biopharmaceutical properties and many different issues related to patient compliance, such as skin tolerance, applicability, and cosmetic appeal. Moreover, processing technology has been improved and analytical techniques were developed and refined in order to enable the improved characterization of the formulation itself as well as its interaction with the skin. This Special Issue serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress and current research on semi-solid formulations as dermal drug delivery systems. We invite articles on all aspects of semi-solid formulations, highlighting the research currently undertaken to improve and better understand these complex drug delivery systems with respect to their formulation, processing and characterization issues.

dermal drug delivery --- diffusion cell --- Franz diffusion --- Skin-PAMPA --- Strat-M® membrane --- nanocarrier --- nonivamide --- methyl cellulose --- skin penetration --- substantivity --- thermogel --- tacrolimus formulation --- nanogels --- drug delivery --- human excised skin --- Jurkat cells --- in situ hydrogel-forming powder --- nitric oxide-releasing formulation --- S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) --- antibacterial --- wound dressing --- wound healing --- dermal delivery --- porcine skin --- in vitro permeation --- methadone --- pain --- in vitro --- permeation --- niacinamide --- solvent --- PAMPA --- skin --- curcumin --- deformable liposomes --- liposome surface charge --- hydrogel --- chitosan --- wound therapy --- IVRT --- metronidazole --- topical cream --- semisolid dosage forms --- sameness --- FDA’s SUPAC-SS guidance --- acceptance criteria --- positive and negative controls --- discriminatory ability --- Amphotericin B --- Sepigel 305® --- Leishmania infantum --- cutaneous leishmaniasis --- topical treatment --- birch bark extract --- oleogels --- hydrogen bonding --- triterpene --- rheology --- gel strength --- eosinophilic esophagitis --- budesonide --- xanthan gum --- guar gum --- mucoadhesion --- esophagus permeability --- rheological characterization --- pediatric medicine --- compounded preparation --- non-ionic emulsifiers --- intercellular lipids --- confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS) --- polyethylene glycol alkyl ethers --- polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters --- n/a --- FDA's SUPAC-SS guidance

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Development of strategies to assist the movement of poorly permeable molecules across biological barriers has long been the goal of drug delivery science. In the last three decades, there has been an exponential increase in advanced drug delivery systems that aim to address this issue. However, most proprietary delivery technologies that have progressed to clinical development are based on permeation enhancers (PEs) that have a history of safe use in man. This Special Issue entitled “Transmucosal Absorption Enhancers in the Drug Delivery Field” aims to present the current state-of-the-art in the application of PEs to improve drug absorption. Emphasis is placed on identification of novel permeation enhancers, mechanisms of barrier alteration, physicochemical properties of PEs that contribute to optimal enhancement action, new delivery models to assess PEs, studies assessing safety of PEs, approaches to assist translation of PEs into effective oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal dosage forms and combining PEs with other delivery strategies.

chitosan --- intestinal epithelial cells --- ocular delivery --- amphiphilic polymers --- cornea --- tight junction modulator --- cyclodextrin --- permeability --- gemini surfactant --- transferrin --- compound 48/80 --- epithelial permeability --- cervicovaginal tumors --- nanoparticles --- confocal laser scanning microscopy --- safety --- formulation --- salcaprozate sodium --- intestinal absorption --- FITC-dextran --- curcumin --- block copolymers --- nasal vaccination --- whole leaf --- brush border --- ocular drug delivery --- vaccine adjuvant --- nanoparticle --- nasal delivery --- efflux --- permeation enhancers --- absorption enhancers --- nose to brain delivery --- small intestine --- epithelium --- CNS disorders --- absorption modifying excipients --- insulin --- absorption enhancer --- gel --- intestinal delivery --- thermogel system --- Caco-2 --- biocompatibility studies --- absorption enhancement --- man --- PN159 --- poorly absorbed drug --- tryptophan --- tight junction --- oral macromolecule delivery --- penetration enhancer --- intestinal permeation enhancers --- nanocrystals --- simvastatin --- nanomedicine --- enterocyte --- N-dodecyl-?-D-maltoside (DDM) --- cell-penetrating peptide --- quaternization --- KLAL --- nasal --- nasal permeability --- transmucosal drug delivery --- Caco-2 cells --- mast cell activator --- penetration enhancers --- drug delivery --- nose-to-brain --- bioenhancer --- polymeric micelles --- mucoadhesion --- cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) --- simulated intestinal fluid --- vaginal delivery --- nasal formulation --- pharmacokinetic interaction --- sodium caprate --- clinical trial --- transmucosal permeation --- drug absorption enhancer --- sugar-based surfactants --- nanocapsules --- imatinib --- teriparatide --- osteoporosis --- hydrophobization --- F-actin --- combined microsphere --- transepithelial electrical resistance --- oral delivery --- ocular conditions --- metabolism --- antimicrobial peptide --- permeation enhancer --- drug administration --- antiepileptic drug --- amino acid --- in vivo studies --- sodium cholate (NaC) --- epithelial transport --- preclinical --- nose to brain transport --- pharmacokinetics --- chitosan derivatives --- ophthalmology --- tight junctions --- sheep --- cationic functionalization --- GLP-1 --- pulmonary --- and liposome --- cytochrome P450 --- claudin --- P-glycoprotein --- in situ hydrogel --- mucoadhesiveness --- PTH 1-34 --- Aloe vera --- oral peptides