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The family of technologies collectively known as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, and often called 3D-printing technologies, is rapidly revolutionizing industrial production. AM’s potential to produce intricate and customized parts starting from a digital 3D model makes it one of the main pillars for the forthcoming Industry 4.0. Thanks to its advantages over traditional manufacturing methodologies, AM finds potential applicability in virtually all production fields. As a natural consequence of this, research in this field is primarily focused on the development of novel materials and techniques for 3D printing. This Special Issue of Technologies, titled “3D Printing Technologies”, aims at promoting the latest knowledge in materials, processes, and applications for AM. It is composed of six contributions, authored by influential scientists in the field of advanced 3D printing. The intended audience includes professors, graduate students, researchers, engineers and specialists working in the field of AM.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- electroless metallization --- catalysts --- 3D printing --- RS-333 alloy --- SLM 3DP --- in situ SEM tensile testing --- DIC analysis --- Ncorr --- poly(lactic acid) (PLA) --- shape-memory polymer (SMP) --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- infill pattern --- microrobots --- 3D printed --- drug delivery --- hydrogels --- alginate --- prototyping --- surface finishing --- physical vapor deposition --- mechanical properties --- composites --- fused deposition modeling --- surface quality --- chest wall --- surgery

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The family of technologies collectively known as additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, and often called 3D-printing technologies, is rapidly revolutionizing industrial production. AM’s potential to produce intricate and customized parts starting from a digital 3D model makes it one of the main pillars for the forthcoming Industry 4.0. Thanks to its advantages over traditional manufacturing methodologies, AM finds potential applicability in virtually all production fields. As a natural consequence of this, research in this field is primarily focused on the development of novel materials and techniques for 3D printing. This Special Issue of Technologies, titled “3D Printing Technologies”, aims at promoting the latest knowledge in materials, processes, and applications for AM. It is composed of six contributions, authored by influential scientists in the field of advanced 3D printing. The intended audience includes professors, graduate students, researchers, engineers and specialists working in the field of AM.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- electroless metallization --- catalysts --- 3D printing --- RS-333 alloy --- SLM 3DP --- in situ SEM tensile testing --- DIC analysis --- Ncorr --- poly(lactic acid) (PLA) --- shape-memory polymer (SMP) --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- infill pattern --- microrobots --- 3D printed --- drug delivery --- hydrogels --- alginate --- prototyping --- surface finishing --- physical vapor deposition --- mechanical properties --- composites --- fused deposition modeling --- surface quality --- chest wall --- surgery --- electroless metallization --- catalysts --- 3D printing --- RS-333 alloy --- SLM 3DP --- in situ SEM tensile testing --- DIC analysis --- Ncorr --- poly(lactic acid) (PLA) --- shape-memory polymer (SMP) --- fused deposition modeling (FDM) --- infill pattern --- microrobots --- 3D printed --- drug delivery --- hydrogels --- alginate --- prototyping --- surface finishing --- physical vapor deposition --- mechanical properties --- composites --- fused deposition modeling --- surface quality --- chest wall --- surgery

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The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest theoretical and experimental achievements concerning the mechanisms of microstructural change in metallic materials subject to different processing methods, and their effect on mechanical properties. It is my pleasure to present a series of compelling scientific papers written by scientists from the community of transition group metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds.

delamination --- laser metal deposition --- metal matrix composites (MMCs) --- magnesium alloy --- laminate --- microstructure --- CoCrMoSi alloy coatings --- high-pressure torsion --- twin roll casting --- mechanical characterization --- AZ91 --- solidification thermal parameters --- deformation behavior --- additive manufacturing --- fatigue --- Ti-6Al-4V --- composite --- laser engineered net shaping --- tribaloy-type alloy --- spark plasma sintering --- cross-channel extrusion (CCE) --- magnesium alloys --- Z-pin reinforcement --- creep --- metal matrix composites --- z-pinning --- Ti3SiC2 --- mechanical properties --- ultrafine microstructure --- hardness --- Cu-Al-Ni-Fe bronze alloys --- z-pin reinforcement --- high pressure torsion --- high energy ball milling --- phase dissolution --- carbon fiber --- MAX phase --- honeycomb structure --- Ti6Al4V alloy --- energy absorption --- laser processing --- physical modeling technique (PMT) --- Mg-Zn-Al-Ca alloy --- metal–matrix composites (MMCs) --- processing map --- titanium alloys --- AA2519 --- LENS --- T-800 alloy --- numerical simulation (FEM) --- Cu–Ag alloy --- specific intermetallics --- calcium --- back pressure (BP) --- texture --- high pressure die casting --- fractography --- microhardness --- heat treatment --- structure --- flow curve --- dynamic tests --- strengthening mechanisms --- electron microscopy (in situ SEM) --- friction stir welding --- Laves phase --- Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENSTM) --- Inconel 625 --- severe plastic deformation (SPD)

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The fatigue behavior of traditional and advanced materials is a very relevant topic in different strategic applications impacting and affecting our daily lives. The present Special Issue invites papers to update readers on the state of the art on this important topic. Both review and original manuscripts are welcome. Special attention will be dedicated to innovative materials and innovative manufacturing processes or post-treatments able to improve the fatigue life and reliability of a structural component. Scale effect will be also fully treated focusing on different applications and multiscale approaches aimed at understanding structural integrity under cyclic loadings. This state of the art perspective will help engineers, designers and people from the academy gain an updated view on this very challenging topic which is nowadays very important due to the advances in manufacturing technologies that allow complex new materials to be fabricated.

elevated temperature --- low cycle fatigue --- damage accumulation --- uniaxial and multiaxial loading --- precipitates --- fatigue crack growth --- creep aging --- artificial aging --- fatigue --- nickel-based single crystal superalloy --- life modeling --- resolved shear stress --- railway axle --- semi-elliptical crack --- residual stresses --- friction stir welding --- residual stress --- weak area --- finite element simulation --- life prediction --- high temperature --- 12Cr1MoV steel --- mixed salt environments --- corrosion fatigue --- heat pipe failure --- critical plane model --- multiaxial fatigue --- non–proportional loading --- 316 stainless steel --- 304 stainless steel --- fracture toughness --- coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) --- X80 pipeline steels --- weld thermal simulation --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- fatigue performance --- rounded welding region --- finite element modeling (FEM) --- structure optimization --- reinforcing plate --- isotropic hardening --- crack tip opening displacement --- CTOD --- crack closure --- metal matrix composites --- powder metallurgy --- Fe/B4C composites --- iron boride phases (Fe2B/FeB) --- Charpy impact test --- single crystal superalloy --- recrystallization --- fatigue small crack --- slip --- in situ SEM --- ultrasonic cyclic testing --- frequency effect --- control type effect --- strain rate effect --- 50CrMo4 --- SAE 4150 --- high cycle fatigue --- very high cycle fatigue --- statistical analyses --- n/a --- non-proportional loading