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This paper assesses the empirical relevance of "dynamic" factors in industrialization in developing countries. Using data from a sample of 91 firms, rates of growth of output per unit of input are calculated. It is shown that there is little basis, at least with regard to Turkish experience, to the notion that non-traditional industries are in some sense more "dynamic" than traditional industries.

Import substitution --- Industrial productivity

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Commercial policy --- Foreign trade promotion --- Import substitution

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Economic development --- Import substitution --- Foreign trade promotion --- Underdeveloped areas

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Import substitution --- Industrialization --- Egypt --- Egypt --- Commerce. --- Commercial policy.

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Some of the most successful growth economies in the Pacific Rim have combined protectionist Import Substitution Industrialisation policies with export-oriented policies. This study provides a systematic rethinking of relationships between strategies within the Malaysian context.

Import substitution --- Export marketing --- Tariff --- New business enterprises --- Industrial policy