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This book contributes to the fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms that take place in pseudo turbulent particulate flows. In the present work we have considered the sedimentation of large numbers of spherical rigid particles in an initially quiescent flow field. We have performed direct numerical simulations employing an immersed boundary method for the representation of the fluid-solid interface. The results evidence that depending on the particle settling regime (i.e. Galileo number and particle-to-fluid density ratio) the particles may exhibit strong inhomogeneous spatial distribution. It is found that the particles are preferentially located in regions with downward fluid motion. The particles inside clusters experience larger settling velocities than the average. The flow in all flow cases is observed to exhibit characteristic features of pseudo-turbulence. The particle-induced flow field is further found to be highly anisotropic with dominant vertical components. The results indicate that, in the present flow configurations, the collective and mobility effects play significant role for the particle and fluid motion.

Partikel-Strömung --- Multiphasenströmungen --- DNS --- Suspensionsmultiphase and particle-laden flows --- immersed boundary method --- Immersed boundary

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The cooperation between plankton biologists and fluid dynamists has enhanced our knowledge of life within the plankton communities in ponds, lakes, and seas. This book assembled contributions on plankton–flow interactions, with an emphasis on syntheses and/or predictions. However, a wide range of novel insights, reasonable scenarios, and founded critiques are also considered in this book.

white sea --- arctic ocean --- net tow --- turbulence avoidance --- feeding mode --- National Centers for Environmental Information --- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts --- plankton --- turbulence --- data analysis --- copepod --- numerical simulation --- immersed boundary method --- multi-scale simulations --- form-function relation --- Kolmogorov --- chemosensory --- signaling --- zooplankton --- jellyfish --- hydrodynamics --- escape behavior --- Acartia tonsa --- copepods --- cruising --- escape swimming --- kinematics --- power --- cost of transport --- locomotion --- reorientation --- swimming microorganism --- nutrient patchiness --- phytoplankton --- surge uptake --- nutrient depletion --- turbulent history --- microplastics --- swimming behavior --- imaging --- Temora turbinata --- propulsion --- rotational physics --- convergent evolution --- torque --- moment of inertia --- animal movement --- plankton jumping --- impulsively generated viscous vortex ring --- impulsive Stokeslet --- impulsive stresslet --- elastic collision --- Froude propulsion efficiency --- added mass coefficient --- n/a

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The cooperation between plankton biologists and fluid dynamists has enhanced our knowledge of life within the plankton communities in ponds, lakes, and seas. This book assembled contributions on plankton–flow interactions, with an emphasis on syntheses and/or predictions. However, a wide range of novel insights, reasonable scenarios, and founded critiques are also considered in this book.

Research & information: general --- white sea --- arctic ocean --- net tow --- turbulence avoidance --- feeding mode --- National Centers for Environmental Information --- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts --- plankton --- turbulence --- data analysis --- copepod --- numerical simulation --- immersed boundary method --- multi-scale simulations --- form-function relation --- Kolmogorov --- chemosensory --- signaling --- zooplankton --- jellyfish --- hydrodynamics --- escape behavior --- Acartia tonsa --- copepods --- cruising --- escape swimming --- kinematics --- power --- cost of transport --- locomotion --- reorientation --- swimming microorganism --- nutrient patchiness --- phytoplankton --- surge uptake --- nutrient depletion --- turbulent history --- microplastics --- swimming behavior --- imaging --- Temora turbinata --- propulsion --- rotational physics --- convergent evolution --- torque --- moment of inertia --- animal movement --- plankton jumping --- impulsively generated viscous vortex ring --- impulsive Stokeslet --- impulsive stresslet --- elastic collision --- Froude propulsion efficiency --- added mass coefficient --- white sea --- arctic ocean --- net tow --- turbulence avoidance --- feeding mode --- National Centers for Environmental Information --- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts --- plankton --- turbulence --- data analysis --- copepod --- numerical simulation --- immersed boundary method --- multi-scale simulations --- form-function relation --- Kolmogorov --- chemosensory --- signaling --- zooplankton --- jellyfish --- hydrodynamics --- escape behavior --- Acartia tonsa --- copepods --- cruising --- escape swimming --- kinematics --- power --- cost of transport --- locomotion --- reorientation --- swimming microorganism --- nutrient patchiness --- phytoplankton --- surge uptake --- nutrient depletion --- turbulent history --- microplastics --- swimming behavior --- imaging --- Temora turbinata --- propulsion --- rotational physics --- convergent evolution --- torque --- moment of inertia --- animal movement --- plankton jumping --- impulsively generated viscous vortex ring --- impulsive Stokeslet --- impulsive stresslet --- elastic collision --- Froude propulsion efficiency --- added mass coefficient

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The development of micro- and nanodevices for blood analysis is an interdisciplinary subject that demands the integration of several research fields, such as biotechnology, medicine, chemistry, informatics, optics, electronics, mechanics, and micro/nanotechnologies. Over the last few decades, there has been a notably fast development in the miniaturization of mechanical microdevices, later known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which combine electrical and mechanical components at a microscale level. The integration of microflow and optical components in MEMS microdevices, as well as the development of micropumps and microvalves, have promoted the interest of several research fields dealing with fluid flow and transport phenomena happening in microscale devices. Microfluidic systems have many advantages over their macroscale counterparts, offering the ability to work with small sample volumes, providing good manipulation and control of samples, decreasing reaction times, and allowing parallel operations in one single step. As a consequence, microdevices offer great potential for the development of portable and point-of-care diagnostic devices, particularly for blood analysis. Moreover, the recent progress in nanotechnology has contributed to its increasing popularity, and has expanded the areas of application of microfluidic devices, including in the manipulation and analysis of flows on the scale of DNA, proteins, and nanoparticles (nanoflows). In this Special Issue, we invited contributions (original research papers, review articles, and brief communications) that focus on the latest advances and challenges in micro- and nanodevices for diagnostics and blood analysis, micro- and nanofluidics, technologies for flow visualization, MEMS, biochips, and lab-on-a-chip devices and their application to research and industry. We hope to provide an opportunity to the engineering and biomedical community to exchange knowledge and information and to bring together researchers who are interested in the general field of MEMS and micro/nanofluidics and, especially, in its applications to biomedical areas.

red blood cells --- n/a --- metastatic potential --- microfluidic devices --- microstructure --- lens-less --- regression analysis --- power-law fluid --- narrow rectangular microchannel --- biomedical coatings --- XTC-YF cells --- red blood cell (RBC) aggregation --- Y-27632 --- finite element method --- POCT --- CEA detection --- immersed boundary method --- suspension --- particle tracking velocimetry --- biomicrofluidics --- computational fluid dynamics --- red blood cells (RBCs) --- modified conventional erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) method --- computational biomechanics --- RBC aggregation index --- microfabrication --- microfluidics --- morphological analysis --- chronic renal disease --- multiple microfluidic channels --- centrifugal microfluidic device --- deformability --- master molder using xurography technique --- fluorescent chemiluminescence --- hydrophobic dish --- pressure-driven flow --- cell deformability --- mechanophenotyping --- separation and sorting techniques --- density medium --- cell adhesion --- polymers --- rheology --- circular microchannel --- blood on chips --- multinucleated cells --- velocity --- cell analysis --- microfluidic chip --- twin-image removal --- cancer --- Lattice–Boltzmann method --- diabetes --- hyperbolic microchannel --- Lattice-Boltzmann method

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As the most heavily populated areas in the world, coastal zones host the majority and some of the most important human settlements, infrastructures and economic activities. Harbour and coastal structures are essential to the above, facilitating the transport of people and goods through ports, and protecting low-lying areas against flooding and erosion. While these structures were previously based on relatively rigid concepts about service life, at present, the design—or the upgrading—of these structures should effectively proof them against future pressures, enhancing their resilience and long-term sustainability. This Special Issue brings together a versatile collection of articles on the modelling of harbour and coastal structures, covering a wide array of topics on the design of such structures through a study of their interactions with waves and coastal morphology, as well as their role in coastal protection and harbour design in present and future climates.

Technology: general issues --- beach morphology --- beach nourishment performance --- sustainable development --- General Shoreline beach model --- United Arab Emirates --- Saadiyat Island --- breakwater --- extreme learning machine --- stability assessment --- machine learning --- column-stabilized fish cage --- horizontal wave force --- least squares method --- hydrodynamic coefficient --- vertical breakwater --- reliability analysis --- overall stability --- sliding failure --- overturning failure --- bearing capacity analysis --- breakwater's foundation failure --- rubble-mound --- zero-freeboard --- porous-media --- immersed-boundary --- level-set --- Smagorinsky subgrid scale model --- wave reflection --- wave transmission --- wave overtopping --- wave setup --- Nowshahr port --- field measurements --- numerical simulation --- wave --- current --- sediment transport --- rubble mound breakwaters --- historical review --- damage measurement --- damage characterization --- damage --- damage model --- damage progression --- input reduction --- wave schematization --- pick-up rate --- MIKE21 CM FM --- long-term morphological modelling --- numerical model --- OpenFOAM --- scour --- vertical breakwaters --- mortar-grouted riprap revetment --- full-scale hydraulic tests --- design of revetments --- Balearic Islands --- Boumerdès --- current speed --- harbor --- tsunami --- model uncertainty --- reliability --- pile settlement --- piles in granular soil --- base resistance --- skin friction --- t-z curves --- climate change --- coastal flooding --- coastal structures --- numerical modelling --- Boussinesq equations --- beach morphology --- beach nourishment performance --- sustainable development --- General Shoreline beach model --- United Arab Emirates --- Saadiyat Island --- breakwater --- extreme learning machine --- stability assessment --- machine learning --- column-stabilized fish cage --- horizontal wave force --- least squares method --- hydrodynamic coefficient --- vertical breakwater --- reliability analysis --- overall stability --- sliding failure --- overturning failure --- bearing capacity analysis --- breakwater's foundation failure --- rubble-mound --- zero-freeboard --- porous-media --- immersed-boundary --- level-set --- Smagorinsky subgrid scale model --- wave reflection --- wave transmission --- wave overtopping --- wave setup --- Nowshahr port --- field measurements --- numerical simulation --- wave --- current --- sediment transport --- rubble mound breakwaters --- historical review --- damage measurement --- damage characterization --- damage --- damage model --- damage progression --- input reduction --- wave schematization --- pick-up rate --- MIKE21 CM FM --- long-term morphological modelling --- numerical model --- OpenFOAM --- scour --- vertical breakwaters --- mortar-grouted riprap revetment --- full-scale hydraulic tests --- design of revetments --- Balearic Islands --- Boumerdès --- current speed --- harbor --- tsunami --- model uncertainty --- reliability --- pile settlement --- piles in granular soil --- base resistance --- skin friction --- t-z curves --- climate change --- coastal flooding --- coastal structures --- numerical modelling --- Boussinesq equations