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This Open Access book explains a new type of political order that emerged in Hungary in 2010: a form of authoritarian capitalism with an anti-liberal political and social agenda. Eva Fodor analyzes an important part of this agenda that directly targets gender relations through a set of policies, political practice and discourse—what she calls “carefare.” The book reveals how this is the anti-liberal response to the crisis-of-care problem and establishes how a state carefare regime disciplines women into doing an increasing amount of paid and unpaid work without fair remuneration. Fodor analyzes elements of this regime in depth and contrasts it to other social policy ideal-types, demonstrating how carefare is not only a set of policies targeting women, but an integral element of anti-liberal rule that can be seen emerging globally.
Gender studies, gender groups --- Politics & government --- Sociology --- Open Access --- Gender inequality --- Viktor Orban --- pro-natalism --- European politics --- illiberalism
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In many countries, the political backlash against neoliberalism has mainly been a retreat from democracy, with a decline in independence of the judiciary and the monetary authorities, increased control of the media, and manipulation of elections for purposes of authoritarian control. The economic dynamics and the impact of neoliberalism, i.e. deregulation and liberalized markets, is just one cause of this authoritarian shift. The contributors to this volume examine the impact of neoliberal economic policies in relation to cultural and political factors and how these have promoted the recent authoritarian turn, as well as probing the economic policies and performance of the illiberal regimes.
Democracy. --- Neoliberalism --- Neoliberalism. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE / Political ideologies / Democracy. --- Economic aspects. --- Austerity. --- Authoritarianism. --- Diagnosis of Our Time. --- Economic Policies. --- Human Rights. --- Neo-Illiberalism. --- Political Philosophy. --- Political Science. --- Politics. --- Populism.
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Building on his enormously successful first edition, Tom Nichols confirms his thesis that events, such as the COVID pandemic, prove that the assault on expertise has only intensified. Fully updated chapters continue to address how technology and increasing levels of education have exposed people to more information than ever before. These societal gains, however, have also helped fuel a surge in narcissistic and misguided intellectual egalitarianism that has crippled informed debates on any number of issues. Over the past several years, the rise of populism and conspiracy theories have taken this to new levels. All voices, even the most ridiculous, demand to be taken with equal seriousness, and any claim to the contrary is dismissed as undemocratic elitism.
Information society --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- Expertise --- Education, Higher --- Internet --- Political aspects. --- Media Studies. --- Sociology & anthropology. --- democracy, epistemology, education, narcissism, authoritarianism, populism, conspiracy theories, illiberalism, conspirituality, expertise
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In an article in 2001 the author analyzed the way Fidesz, the party on government for the first time then, was eliminating the institutional system of the rule of law. At that time, many readers doubted the legitimacy of the new approach, whose key categories were the 'organized over-world', the 'state employing mafia methods' and the 'adopted political family'. Critics considered these categories metaphors rather than elements of a coherent conceptual framework. Ten years later Fidesz won a two-third majority in Parliament at the 2010 elections: the institutional obstacles of exerting power were thus largely removed. Just like the party, the state itself was placed under the control of a single individual, who since then has applied the techniques used within his party to enforce submission and obedience onto society as a whole. While in many post-communist systems a segment of the party and secret service became the elite in possession of not only political power but also of wealth, Fidesz, as a late-coming new political predator, was able to occupy this position through an aggressive change of elite. The actions of the post-communist mafia state model are led by the logic of power and wealth concentration in the hands of the clan. But while the classical mafia channeled wealth and economic players into its spheres of interest by means of direct coercion, the mafia state does the same by means of parliamentary legislation, legal prosecution, tax authority, police forces and secret service. The new conceptual framework is important and timely not only for Hungary, but also for other post-communist countries subjected to autocratic rules.
Post-communism --- Political corruption --- Dictatorship --- Organized crime --- History --- Hungary --- Politics and government --- Postcommunism --- World politics --- Communism --- Boss rule --- Corruption (in politics) --- Graft in politics --- Malversation --- Political scandals --- Politics, Practical --- Corruption --- Misconduct in office --- Absolutism --- Autocracy --- Tyranny --- Authoritarianism --- Despotism --- Totalitarianism --- Crime syndicates --- Organised crime --- Crime --- Corrupt practices --- Political systems --- Corruption, Ideology, Illiberalism, Justice, Media, Political economy, Political studies. --- Post-communism-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Political corruption-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Dictatorship-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Organized crime-Hungary-History-21st century. --- Hungary-Politics and government-1989-.
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An original work of historical synthesis by an esteemed international scholar, this book offers the first comparative analysis of the four different types of collectivism (communism, Fascism; Nazism; anarchism) in twentieth-century Europe which aspired to create an 'alternative modernity'. The author presents not only the authoritarian alternatives to democracy of the past century, but also the experiment with anarchism undertaken in Spain in the late 1930s. The concept of the analysis is to show how these political systems are driven by rival visions of alternative modernity and how the prioritization of values plays out in politics. Each political concept discussed in the book found support among broad sectors of its respective population at one time or another, and were championed by professionals in the countries in which they took hold. The political vision which guided the construction (or in the anarchist case, attempted construction) of an alternative to democracy, oriented to an alternative future, is discussed in a balanced and erudite manner in each case. Debates within the participants in these projects are also focused. The book ends with a defense of liberal democracy, exploring departures from it in contemporary Hungary and Poland, but also the US.
University autonomy. --- Teaching, Freedom of. --- Academic freedom. --- Autonomy, University --- Autonomy, College --- College autonomy --- Academic freedom --- School autonomy --- Universities and colleges --- Freedom of teaching --- Teacher autonomy --- Religious education --- Theology --- Toleration --- University autonomy --- Educational freedom --- Freedom, Academic --- Freedom of information --- Liberty --- Intellectual freedom --- Law and legislation --- Study and teaching --- Teaching, Freedom of --- E-books --- Academic freedom, Autonomy, Freedom of expression, Higher Education, Turkey, United States. --- Anarchism --- Socialism --- Fascism --- Communism --- Democracy --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Self-government --- Political science --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Anarchism and anarchists --- Anarchy --- Government, Resistance to --- Libertarianism --- Nihilism --- History --- Europe --- Politics and government --- Anarchism, Communism, Democracy, Fascism, Illiberalism, Liberalism, Nazism, Political theory.
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This volume of essays and interviews by Polish, British, and American academics and journalists provides an overview of current Polish politics for both informed and non-specialist readers. The essays consider why and how PiS, Law and Justice, the party of Jarosław Kaczynski, returned to power, and the why and how of its policies while in power. They help to make sense of how “history” plays a key role in Polish public life and politics.The descriptions of PiS in Western media tend to rework old stereotypes about Eastern Europe that had lain dormant for some time. The book addresses the underlying question whether PiS was simply successful in understanding its electorate, and just helped Poland to revert to its normal state. This new Normal seems quite similar to the old one: insular, conservative, xenophobic, and statist.The book looks at the current struggle between one ‘Poland’ and another; between a Western-looking Poland and an inward-looking Poland, the former more interested in opening to the world, competing in open markets, and working within the EU, and the latter more concerned with holding onto tradition.The question of illiberalism has gone from an ‘Eastern’ problem (Russia, Turkey, Hungary, etc.) to a global one (Brexit and the U.S. elections). This makes the very specific analysis of Poland’s illiberalism applicable on a broader scale. (provided by publisher)
Political culture --- Collective memory --- #SBIB:328H274 --- Collective remembrance --- Common memory --- Cultural memory --- Emblematic memory --- Historical memory --- National memory --- Public memory --- Social memory --- Memory --- Social psychology --- Group identity --- National characteristics --- Political aspects --- Instellingen en beleid: Polen --- Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Political party) --- Platforma Obywatelska (Political party) --- Grazhdanskai︠a︡ platforma (Political party) --- Civic Platform (Political party) --- PiS (Political party) --- PiS --- Pravo i spravedlivostʹ (Political party) --- Law and Justice (Political party) --- Law & Justice (Political party) --- Poland --- Politics and government --- Illiberalism, Media, Memory politics, Poland, Political parties, Political studies, Postcommunism.
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This open access book aims to show which factors have been decisive in the rise of successful countries. Never before have so many people been so well off. However, prosperity is not a law of nature; it has to be worked for. A liberal economy stands at the forefront of this success – not as a political system, but as a set of economic rules promoting competition, which in turn leads to innovation, research and enormous productivity. Sustainable prosperity is built on a foundation of freedom, equal opportunity and a functioning government. This requires a stable democracy that cannot be defeated by an autocrat. Autocrats claim that “illiberalism” is more efficient, an assertion that justifies their own power. Although autocrats can efficiently guide the first steps out of poverty, once a certain level of prosperity has been achieved, people begin to demand a sense of well-being – freedom and codetermination. Only when this is possible will they feel comfortable, and progress will continue. Respect for human rights is crucial. The rules of the free market do not lean to either the right or left politically. Liberalism and the welfare state are not mutually exclusive. The “conflict” concerns the amount of government intervention. Should there be more or less? As a lawyer, entrepreneur, and board member with over 40 years of experience in this field of conflict, the author clearly describes the conditions necessary for a country to maintain its position at the top.
Comparative politics. --- Political theory. --- International economics. --- Political science. --- Comparative Politics. --- Political Theory. --- International Economics. --- Governance and Government. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Comparative Politics --- Political Theory --- International Economics --- Governance and Government --- Liberalism --- Equal opportunity --- Stable democracy --- Freedom --- Free market --- Government intervention --- Liberal Economy --- Illiberalism --- Human rights --- Autocracy --- Poverty --- Prosperity --- Productivity --- Innovation --- Welfare state --- European Union --- Switzerland --- Immigration --- Integration --- Open access --- Political science & theory --- Political structure & processes
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In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. Making Human Rights a Reality takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. Emilie Hafner-Burton argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights "stewards" can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. Hafner-Burton illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.
Human rights. --- Basic rights --- Civil rights (International law) --- Human rights --- Rights, Human --- Rights of man --- Human security --- Transitional justice --- Truth commissions --- Law and legislation --- Human Rights Council. --- International Bill of Human Rights. --- UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. --- United Nations. --- abusive behavior. --- civil rights. --- complaints mechanisms. --- conflict. --- constitutions. --- credibility. --- crime. --- criminal law. --- cultural rights. --- dehumanization. --- deterrence. --- diplomacy. --- domestic politics. --- foreign policy. --- human behavior. --- human rights abuses. --- human rights commissions. --- human rights promotion. --- human rights protection. --- human rights violations. --- human rights. --- illiberalism. --- insider politics. --- intelligence. --- international human rights law. --- international human rights. --- international law. --- international legal reform. --- legal customs. --- legal system. --- legitimacy. --- leverage. --- localization. --- military intervention. --- national human rights institutions. --- national interest. --- national law. --- nongovernmental organizations. --- nonstate actors. --- ombudsmen. --- penalties. --- perpetrator. --- political dissent. --- political rights. --- poverty. --- professionalization. --- psychological superiority. --- punishment. --- rationalization. --- reform. --- resource allocation. --- responsibility. --- rewards. --- routinization. --- scholarly research. --- state power. --- statistical research. --- steward states. --- stewardship. --- treaties. --- triage. --- tribunals. --- universalism. --- violence.
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To the ancient Greeks, democracy meant gathering in public and debating laws set by a randomly selected assembly of several hundred citizens. To the Icelandic Vikings, democracy meant meeting every summer in a field to discuss issues until consensus was reached. Our contemporary representative democracies are very different. Modern parliaments are gated and guarded, and it seems as if only certain people - with the right suit, accent, wealth, and connections - are welcome. Diagnosing what is wrong with representative government and aiming to recover some of the lost openness of ancient democracies, this book presents a new paradigm of democracy in which power is genuinely accessible to ordinary citizens.
Political systems --- démocratie participative --- représentation politique --- Deliberative democracy --- Representative government and representation --- Political participation --- BPB2104 --- #SBIB:324H50 --- Discursive democracy --- Democracy --- Citizen participation --- Community action --- Community involvement --- Community participation --- Involvement, Community --- Mass political behavior --- Participation, Citizen --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Political --- Political activity --- Political behavior --- Political rights --- Social participation --- Political activists --- Politics, Practical --- Parliamentary government --- Political representation --- Representation --- Self-government --- Constitutional history --- Constitutional law --- Political science --- Elections --- Republics --- Suffrage --- politické zastoupení --- reprezentacja polityczna --- politikai képviselet --- politisk representation --- poliitiline esindus --- politiskā pārstāvība --- reprezentare politică --- politinis atstovavimas --- politisk repræsentation --- politično predstavništvo --- political representation --- πολιτική εκπροσώπηση --- representación política --- политичко заступање --- политичка застапеност --- politická reprezentace --- përfaqësim politik --- ionadaíocht pholaitiúil --- politieke vertegenwoordiging --- politická reprezentácia --- politische Vertretung --- rappreżentanza politika --- representação política --- poliittinen edustus --- rappresentanza politica --- политическо представяне --- političko zastupanje --- participative democracy --- δημοκρατική συμμετοχή --- demokratische Partizipation --- demokratisk deltagelse --- demokratická participácia --- demokraatlik osalus --- demokratinis dalyvavimas --- parteċipazzjoni demokratika --- participation démocratique --- uczestnictwo w demokracji --- sudionička demokracija --- participación democrática --- demokratikus részvétel --- osallistuva demokratia --- pjesëmarrje demokratike --- демократско учество --- demokratična udeležba --- demokrātiskā līdzdalība --- democratic participation --- demokratische Mitbestimmung --- participare democratică --- democratische participatie --- demokratiskt deltagande --- participação democrática --- részvételen alapuló demokrácia --- демократско учешће --- demokratická účast --- partecipazione democratica --- учествувачка демократија --- deltagelsesdemokrati --- osallistava demokratia --- partizipative Demokratie --- democrație participativă --- democrazia partecipativa --- participativní demokracie --- συμμετοχική δημοκρατία --- deltagandedemokrati --- osalusdemokraatia --- demokrazija parteċipattiva --- demokraci pjesëmarrëse --- participatieve democratie --- līdzdalības demokrātija --- dalyvaujamoji demokratija --- részvételi demokrácia --- daonlathas rannpháirtíochta --- партиципативна демократија --- партиципативна демокрация --- participatívna demokracia --- democracia participativa --- participatory democracy --- demokracja uczestnicząca --- participativna demokracija --- Politieke participatie en legitimiteit (referenda, directe democratie, publieke opinie...) --- DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY -- 323.22 --- CASESTUDIES -- 323.22 --- ICELAND -- 323.22 --- CASE STUDIES -- 321.7 --- représentation politique --- démocratie participative --- Deliberative democracy. --- Representative government and representation. --- Political participation. --- Deliberative democracy - Iceland - Case studies. --- 1944 constitution. --- Citizen Convention on Climate Change. --- Democracy When the People Are Thinking. --- Democracy and Knowledge. --- France. --- Great National Debate. --- Iceland. --- Icelandic constitutional process. --- James Fishkin. --- Josiah Ober. --- Lisa Disch. --- Mass and Elite in Democratic Athens. --- Michael Saward. --- Nathan Heller. --- Rousseau. --- The New Yorker. --- The Representative Claim. --- Vikings. --- citizen assemblies. --- classical Athens. --- climate change. --- constitution. --- crisis of democracy. --- crowdsourcing. --- deliberation. --- deliberative democracy. --- democracy. --- democratic crisis. --- democratic institutions. --- democratic representation. --- democraticity. --- direct democracy. --- dynamic inclusiveness. --- electoral paradigm. --- electoral representation. --- exclusionary biases. --- illiberalism. --- inductive political theory. --- legitimacy. --- liquid representation. --- lottocratic representation. --- majoritarianism. --- majority rule. --- oligarchic biases. --- oligarchy. --- open mini-public. --- participation rights. --- participatory democracy. --- polity. --- random selection. --- referendums. --- representation. --- representative democracy. --- representativeness. --- self-appointment. --- self-selected representation. --- sortition. --- substantive equality. --- transparency. --- vote delegation.
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