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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some similarities can be found among them, as for example: 1) frequent aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, 2) common molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, and 3) certain overlap in symptoms and clinical features. To date, there is no cure that could stop or delay the progression of these diseases. The advent of advanced gene therapy techniques such as gene silencing and gene editing opened a new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for NDs. The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in 1998, by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello allowed an important boost to the gene therapy field, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inherited dominant genetic disorders. The use of small RNA sequences to control the expression of disease-causing genes rapidly implemented in the preclinical studies for different diseases. In the field of NDs, several successful studies using this technology proved its potential as a therapeutic option. However, issues like the type of delivery system (non-viral versus viral) or the potential toxicity of the small RNA molecules, made the translation of gene silencing therapeutics to human application very slow and difficult. Recently, a new hope in the gene therapy field emerged with the development of gene editing techniques like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The opportunity of editing or deleting gene sequences drove the scientific community euphoric, with an enormous increase in the number of published studies using this type of techniques. Recently, the first clinical trial using one of these systems was approved in China. For NDs, gene-editing technology also represents an important therapeutic option, and the first preclinical studies are now being published, showing the potential accomplishment for this technology.

Gene silencing --- Long non-coding RNAs --- RNA interference --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Neurodegeneration --- Gene editing --- Antisense oligonucleotides --- Neuroinflammation --- iPS cells --- Gene silencing --- Long non-coding RNAs --- RNA interference --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Neurodegeneration --- Gene editing --- Antisense oligonucleotides --- Neuroinflammation --- iPS cells

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Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the central nervous system. Despite significant differences in their causes, neuropathological abnormalities, and clinical outcomes, some similarities can be found among them, as for example: 1) frequent aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, 2) common molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration, and 3) certain overlap in symptoms and clinical features. To date, there is no cure that could stop or delay the progression of these diseases. The advent of advanced gene therapy techniques such as gene silencing and gene editing opened a new avenue for the development of therapeutic strategies for NDs. The discovery of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism, in 1998, by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello allowed an important boost to the gene therapy field, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to treat inherited dominant genetic disorders. The use of small RNA sequences to control the expression of disease-causing genes rapidly implemented in the preclinical studies for different diseases. In the field of NDs, several successful studies using this technology proved its potential as a therapeutic option. However, issues like the type of delivery system (non-viral versus viral) or the potential toxicity of the small RNA molecules, made the translation of gene silencing therapeutics to human application very slow and difficult. Recently, a new hope in the gene therapy field emerged with the development of gene editing techniques like TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The opportunity of editing or deleting gene sequences drove the scientific community euphoric, with an enormous increase in the number of published studies using this type of techniques. Recently, the first clinical trial using one of these systems was approved in China. For NDs, gene-editing technology also represents an important therapeutic option, and the first preclinical studies are now being published, showing the potential accomplishment for this technology.

Gene silencing --- Long non-coding RNAs --- RNA interference --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- Neurodegeneration --- Gene editing --- Antisense oligonucleotides --- Neuroinflammation --- iPS cells

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Developments in the science and technology of textiles are not only limited to apparel and fashion. Certainly, there are research efforts aimed at improving the construction and processing of textiles for clothing—such as studies on cleaner production to reduce environmental impact, increasing the utilization of fibers and process chemicals from renewable resources, and on the recycling of materials from post-consumer waste apparel back into the manufacturing of new clothing articles. In addition, technological concepts developed for the creation of clothing over the centuries are now being investigated for use in a diverse array of fields—such as in the manufacture of engineering composites, personal protective equipment, and medicine. Further, developments in other fields—such as electronics, nanotechnology, and information and communication technologies—are being investigated for their incorporation into apparel and clothing to create “smart textiles”. The aim of this Special Issue is to put together a collection of scientific reports on such efforts to highlight the range of scientific and technological issues that are being targeted and the ingenuity of the methodologies employed to find answers. It is hoped that readers of this issue will come away with an appreciation of the research being conducted in this area, and perhaps gain inspiration for their own scientific endeavors.

Polyimide fiber --- thermal stability --- swelling agent --- dyeability --- carbon textile reinforced mortar --- uniaxial tensile tests --- debonding failure --- steel fibers --- prestress --- multi-cracking pattern --- polyacrylonitrile --- polyaniline --- conductive fibers --- flax fiber-reinforced composite --- strain rate effect --- Johnson–Cook model --- lattice structure --- failure mechanism --- textiles --- composite preforming --- mechanical properties --- shear behavior --- surface analysis --- picture frame test --- kinematic draping simulation --- textile --- PET --- biomaterials --- iPS-cells --- cardiomyocytes --- maturation --- gene expression --- electronic textiles --- AMOLED --- OTFTs --- OLEDs --- textile displays --- organic thin film --- graft polymerization --- surface modification --- hydrogels --- gamma irradiation --- silver nanoparticles --- antibacterial activity --- temperature sensor --- conductivity --- coatings --- deposition --- thermocouple --- material characterization --- smart clothing --- temperature sensing --- wearable technology --- nanomaterials --- environmental impacts --- toxicity --- health and safety --- conductive fibres --- cellulose fibres --- pressure sensor --- smart textiles --- viscose fibres --- carbon black --- biocementation --- MICP --- jute fibres --- unconfined compressive strength --- urea hydrolysis --- sustainable geotechnics --- self-healing --- n/a --- Johnson-Cook model

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Even today, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and therapeutic approaches are very restricted. Due to the limited regenerative capabilities of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes post injury, new strategies to treat cardiac patients are urgently needed. Post myocardial injury, resident fibroblasts begin to generate the extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrosis, and finally, cardiac failure. Recently, preclinical investigations and clinical trials raised hope in stem cell-based approaches, to be an effective therapy option for these diseases. So far, several types of stem cells have been identified to be promising candidates to be applied for treatment: cardiac progenitor cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as their descendants. Furthermore, the innovative techniques of direct cardiac reprogramming of cells offered promising options for cardiovascular research, in vitro and in vivo. Hereby, the investigation of underlying and associated mechanisms triggering the therapeutic effects of stem cell application is of particular importance to improve approaches for heart patients. This Special Issue of Cells provides the latest update in the rapidly developing field of regenerative medicine in cardiology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Fabry disease --- human embryonic stem cells --- CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing --- Mass spectrometry proteomic analysis --- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy --- disease model --- physical exercise --- cardiac cellular regeneration --- microRNA (miR) --- Akt signaling --- cardiomyocyte proliferation --- cardiac hypertrophy --- cardioprotection --- myocarditis --- inflammation --- leukocytes --- cardiomyocytes --- multi-electrode-array --- micro-electrode-array --- MEA --- drug/toxicity screening --- field potential --- arrhythmia --- electrocardiography --- cardiac regeneration --- stem cells --- iPSC --- PSC --- ESC --- cardiovascular disease --- regeneration --- cardiac progenitor cells --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- transdifferentiation --- direct reprogramming --- genetic engineering --- cardiac tissue engineering --- biomaterials --- 18F-FDG PET --- cardiac induced cells --- cardiac function --- non-invasive imaging --- human pluripotent stem cell --- ventricular --- maturation --- bone marrow stem cells --- angiogenesis --- myocardial infarction --- human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) --- iPS cells --- big conductance calcium activated potassium channel (BK) --- Maxi-K --- slo1 --- KCa1.1 --- iberiotoxin --- long QT syndrome --- mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) --- mRNA --- miRNA --- cardiac reprogramming --- cardiac differentiation --- cardiovascular diseases --- adult stem cells --- myocardial infraction --- 3D printing --- 3D model --- bioprinting --- cardiovascular medicine --- heart --- myocardium --- heart valves --- vascular graft --- endothelialization --- tissue engineering --- decorin --- fibronectin --- electrospinning --- endothelial progenitor cells --- bioreactor --- biostable polyurethane --- MicroRNA --- Mir-133 --- coronary heart disease --- biomarker --- meta-analysis --- Fabry disease --- human embryonic stem cells --- CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing --- Mass spectrometry proteomic analysis --- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy --- disease model --- physical exercise --- cardiac cellular regeneration --- microRNA (miR) --- Akt signaling --- cardiomyocyte proliferation --- cardiac hypertrophy --- cardioprotection --- myocarditis --- inflammation --- leukocytes --- cardiomyocytes --- multi-electrode-array --- micro-electrode-array --- MEA --- drug/toxicity screening --- field potential --- arrhythmia --- electrocardiography --- cardiac regeneration --- stem cells --- iPSC --- PSC --- ESC --- cardiovascular disease --- regeneration --- cardiac progenitor cells --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- transdifferentiation --- direct reprogramming --- genetic engineering --- cardiac tissue engineering --- biomaterials --- 18F-FDG PET --- cardiac induced cells --- cardiac function --- non-invasive imaging --- human pluripotent stem cell --- ventricular --- maturation --- bone marrow stem cells --- angiogenesis --- myocardial infarction --- human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) --- iPS cells --- big conductance calcium activated potassium channel (BK) --- Maxi-K --- slo1 --- KCa1.1 --- iberiotoxin --- long QT syndrome --- mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) --- mRNA --- miRNA --- cardiac reprogramming --- cardiac differentiation --- cardiovascular diseases --- adult stem cells --- myocardial infraction --- 3D printing --- 3D model --- bioprinting --- cardiovascular medicine --- heart --- myocardium --- heart valves --- vascular graft --- endothelialization --- tissue engineering --- decorin --- fibronectin --- electrospinning --- endothelial progenitor cells --- bioreactor --- biostable polyurethane --- MicroRNA --- Mir-133 --- coronary heart disease --- biomarker --- meta-analysis

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Even today, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, and therapeutic approaches are very restricted. Due to the limited regenerative capabilities of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes post injury, new strategies to treat cardiac patients are urgently needed. Post myocardial injury, resident fibroblasts begin to generate the extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrosis, and finally, cardiac failure. Recently, preclinical investigations and clinical trials raised hope in stem cell-based approaches, to be an effective therapy option for these diseases. So far, several types of stem cells have been identified to be promising candidates to be applied for treatment: cardiac progenitor cells, bone marrow derived stem cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as their descendants. Furthermore, the innovative techniques of direct cardiac reprogramming of cells offered promising options for cardiovascular research, in vitro and in vivo. Hereby, the investigation of underlying and associated mechanisms triggering the therapeutic effects of stem cell application is of particular importance to improve approaches for heart patients. This Special Issue of Cells provides the latest update in the rapidly developing field of regenerative medicine in cardiology.

Fabry disease --- human embryonic stem cells --- CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing --- Mass spectrometry proteomic analysis --- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy --- disease model --- physical exercise --- cardiac cellular regeneration --- microRNA (miR) --- Akt signaling --- cardiomyocyte proliferation --- cardiac hypertrophy --- cardioprotection --- myocarditis --- inflammation --- leukocytes --- cardiomyocytes --- multi-electrode-array --- micro-electrode-array --- MEA --- drug/toxicity screening --- field potential --- arrhythmia --- electrocardiography --- cardiac regeneration --- stem cells --- iPSC --- PSC --- ESC --- cardiovascular disease --- regeneration --- cardiac progenitor cells --- induced pluripotent stem cells --- transdifferentiation --- direct reprogramming --- genetic engineering --- cardiac tissue engineering --- biomaterials --- 18F-FDG PET --- cardiac induced cells --- cardiac function --- non-invasive imaging --- human pluripotent stem cell --- ventricular --- maturation --- bone marrow stem cells --- angiogenesis --- myocardial infarction --- human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) --- iPS cells --- big conductance calcium activated potassium channel (BK) --- Maxi-K --- slo1 --- KCa1.1 --- iberiotoxin --- long QT syndrome --- mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) --- mRNA --- miRNA --- cardiac reprogramming --- cardiac differentiation --- cardiovascular diseases --- adult stem cells --- myocardial infraction --- 3D printing --- 3D model --- bioprinting --- cardiovascular medicine --- heart --- myocardium --- heart valves --- vascular graft --- endothelialization --- tissue engineering --- decorin --- fibronectin --- electrospinning --- endothelial progenitor cells --- bioreactor --- biostable polyurethane --- MicroRNA --- Mir-133 --- coronary heart disease --- biomarker --- meta-analysis