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Dealkylation. --- Dearylation. --- Hydrogenolysis. --- Isomerization. --- Organometallic compounds. --- Symmetrization. --- Transalkylation.

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In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.

n/a --- hemicellulose --- catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis reactions --- furfural --- ZSM-5 --- syngas --- renewable aromatics --- Diels–Alder --- lignin --- hydroisomerization --- levulinic acid --- bio-oil upgrade --- metal ferrites --- aromatic ethers --- hierarchical zeolites --- Chilean natural zeolites --- bioethanol --- renewable p-xylene --- desilication --- dimethylfuran --- GC/MS characterization --- biomass --- H-donor molecules --- heterogeneous catalysis --- polyols --- Brønsted acids sites --- spinels --- solketal --- glycerol --- chemical-loop reforming --- zeolite --- cellulose --- insulating oils --- hydrogenolysis --- lignocellulosic biomasses --- bio-insulating oil --- glycidol --- Diels-Alder

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Clay minerals are inexpensive and available materials with a wide range of applications (adsorbent, ion exchanger, support, catalyst, paper coating, ceramic, and pharmaceutical applications, among others). Clay minerals can be easily modified through acid/basic treatments, the insertion of bulky ions or pillars into the interlayer spacing, and acid treatment, improving their physicochemical properties.Considering their low cost and high availability, clay minerals display a relatively high specific surface area in such a way that they have a great potential to be used as catalytic supports, since they can disperse expensive active phases as noble metals on the porous structures of their surfaces. In addition, the low cost of these supports allows their implementation on an industrial scale more easily than other supports, which are only feasible at the laboratory scale. Hydrotalcites (considered as anionic or basic clays) are also inexpensive materials with a great potential to be used as catalysts, since their textural properties could also be modified easily through the insertion of anions in their interlayer spacing. In the same way, these hydrotalcites, formed by layered double hydroxides, can lead to their respective mixed oxides after thermal treatment. These mixed oxides are considered basic catalysts with a high surface area, so they can also be used as catalytic support.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Inorganic chemistry --- propane dehydrogenation --- hierarchical microstructure --- reconstruction --- high selectivity --- excellent durability --- reduction atmosphere --- coke deposition --- meixnerite --- PtIn/Mg(Al)O/ZnO --- layered double hydroxides --- Cu-based catalysts --- Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 --- furfural --- furfuryl alcohol --- n/a --- CuMgFe --- hydrogenolysis of glycerol --- 1,2-propanediol --- recycled --- isobutane dehydrogenation --- MgF2 promoter --- hydrotalcite-derived composites --- supported Pt-In catalysts --- kaolin --- mesoporous --- heterogeneous catalyst --- esterification --- waste valorization

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Biomass is widely considered as a potential alternative to dwindling fossil fuel reserves. There is a large variety of biomass sources (oleaginous, lignocellulosic, algae, etc.), with many possible conversion routes and products. Currently, biomass is not just viewed as a source of biofuels, but also as an interesting feedstock for the production of bio-based chemicals that could largely replace petrochemicals. In this context, the search for new sustainable and efficient alternatives to fossil sources is gaining increasing relevance within the chemical industry. There, the role of catalysis is often critical for the development of clean and sustainable processes, aiming to produce commodity chemicals or liquid fuels with a high efficiency and atom economy. This book gathers works at the cutting edge of investigation in the application of catalysis, for the sustainable conversion of biomass into biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

Technology: general issues --- bamboo --- pretreatment --- magnetic solid acid --- corncob --- reducing sugar --- wood waste --- biofuel --- lignocellulosic biomass --- NaOH pretreatment --- anaerobic co-digestion --- biomass --- waste seashell --- aldol condensation --- heterogeneous catalyst --- hydrogenolysis --- polyols --- monosaccharides --- hemicelluloses extracted liquor --- ReOx-Rh/ZrO2 catalysts --- sulfonated hydrothermal carbon --- solketal --- sulfonic solids --- ketalization --- continuous flow --- aerobic oxidation --- ruthenium --- heterogeneous catalysis --- lignin valorization --- guaiacyl glycerol-β-guaiacyl ether --- pyrolysis --- ketonisation --- bio-oil --- turnover frequencies (TOFs) --- biomass-derived aqueous phase upgrading --- olefin production --- oxide catalyst zinc–zirconia --- bauxite --- Li2CO3 --- transesterification --- soybean oil --- glucose --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- LTL-zeolites --- used cooking oil --- deoxygenation --- decarboxylation --- decarbonylation --- nickel --- copper --- iron --- platinum --- hydrocarbons --- algae --- thermochemical conversion --- catalytic upgrading --- high-grade liquid fuel --- n/a --- oxide catalyst zinc-zirconia

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The use of solid catalysts for the upgrade of renewable sources gives the opportunity to combine the two main cores of green chemistry, that is, on the one hand, the set-up of sustainable processes and, on the other, the use of biomass-derived materials. Solid catalysts have taken on a leading role in traditional petrochemical processes and could represent a key tool in new biorefinery-driven technologies.

biorefinery --- lignin --- citronellal --- biofuel production --- calcination temperature --- carbohydrates --- biomass valorization --- liquid phase reductive depolymerization --- terpenoids --- heterogeneous catalysis --- propylene glycol --- transition metals --- transfer hydrogenation --- acidic clays --- phenolic and aromatic compounds --- biofuels --- aqueous phase --- supported metals --- hybrid materials --- amination --- heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts --- CuZn catalysts --- catalytic materials --- terpenes --- Lewis acids --- surface functional groups --- value-added products --- carbon nanotubes --- ethylene glycol --- biochar-supported metal catalysts --- calcination atmosphere --- xylitol --- alditol --- HMF --- biomass --- metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) --- hydrothermal carbonization --- solid-acid catalyst --- NMR --- solid base catalyst --- catalytic transfer hydrogenation --- surface functionalization --- transesterification --- biomass conversion --- hydrogen donors --- hydrogenolysis --- octahydroacridines --- solid acids