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Dissertation
Travail de fin d'études et stage[BR]- Travail de fin d'études : Design of Hybrid Composites for FS Race Car Monocoques: An Experimental and Numerical Approach[BR]- Stage
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2024 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

The Formula Student competition challenges student teams worldwide to design, build, and race single-seater formula racing cars, pushing the limits of innovation in automotive engineering. As ecological concerns become increasingly prominent, the need for greener materials in high-performance vehicles is essential. This thesis focuses on the design of a more sustainable hybrid composite lay-up for a Formula Student race car monocoque, aiming to achieve mechanical properties comparable to traditional carbon fiber while maintaining a similar weight. The research introduces flax fibers as a natural alternative, integrated into carbon-flax hybrid composites that exhibit enhanced crashworthiness, especially in critical zones such as the front bulkhead. For safety reasons, all these composite parts of the monocoque that may be subjected to impact must undergo perimeter shear testing.&#13;&#13;The investigation was structured into two primary components. The first component involved an experimental study assessing the influence of stacking sequence and flax fiber mass fraction on the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites. Vacuum-assisted resin infusion was employed to manufacture high-quality samples, while perimeter shear tests were conducted to evaluate their resistance to puncture and impact. Results indicated that hybrid composites with flax fibers placed in the outer layers, and alternating carbon and flax fibers within the lay-up, demonstrated superior resistance compared to traditional carbon fiber composites. A specific configuration achieved a peak force of 27454 [N] with just 10 layers, thus allowing the theorization of hybrid configurations for the front bulkhead, leading to a reduction in its mass of 22% and its CO2 footprint by over 43% compared to the current lay-up.&#13;&#13;The second component of the research focused on developing a reliable numerical model to simulate the perimeter shear test using Ansys. The model was designed to replicate experimental conditions, and the objective was to obtain the force-displacement curves from multistep simulations and determine the first ply failure of the sample. The simulation incorporated frictional contacts and accounted for large deflections, achieving a high degree of accuracy in predicting force-displacement curves. Therefore, the dependency on extensive laboratory testing is reduced and valuable insights into stress distribution are provided.&#13;&#13;All the steps related to a new testing strategy have been thoroughly covered in this work, from the lay-up design to experimental testing, including numerical simulations and sample fabrication. &#13;The conclusions of this thesis suggest that carbon-flax hybrid composites are promising materials for use in critical areas of a monocoque structure, such as the front bulkhead, which are subjected to high impact loads and that must resist perforation. Although these results are promising, further research is required to refine the damage modeling and optimize the hybrid composite properties for practical applications in Formula Student vehicles.


Book
Antibacterial Surfaces, Thin Films, and Nanostructured Coatings
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Creating antibacterial surfaces is the primary approach in preventing the occurrence and diffusion of clinical infections and foodborne diseases as well as in contrasting the propagation of pandemics in everyday life. Proper surface engineering can inhibit microorganism spread and biofilm formation, can contrast antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and can avoid cross-contamination from a contaminated surface to another and eventually to humans. For these reasons, antibacterial surfaces play a key role in many applications, ranging from biomedicine to food and beverage materials, textiles, and objects with frequent human contact. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents within a surface or their addition onto a surface are very effective strategies to achieve this aim and to properly modify many other surface properties at the same time. In this framework, this Special Issue collects research studying several materials and methods related to the antibacterial properties of surfaces for different applications and discussions about the environmental and human-safety aspects.


Book
Synthesis, Chracterization and Applications of Coated Composite Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The formulation of coated composite materials is an important field of research around the world today. Coated composite materials include inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. These materials are formulated by an amalgamate minimum of two or more materials that accommodate different properties. These materials have a vast field of appealing applications that encourage scientists to work on them. Due to their unique properties, such as their strength, liability, swiftness, and low cost, they are used as promising candidates for reliable applications in various fields, such as biomedical, engineering, energy devices, wastewater treatment, and agriculture. Different types of composite materials have had a noticeable impact in these fields already, such as glass, plastic, and, most promisingly, metal oxide nanoparticles.


Book
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hybrid Composites
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Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Polymer composites represent the platform materials of the XXI century and are an important slice of the market in the production of modern plastics. Their design is based on adding a second component to the polymer matrix to enhance its properties. Among the various possible composites, organic–inorganic hybrid materials offer advantageous performance relative to either of the non-hybrid counterparts. The dramatic improvement of physical properties, compared with pure materials, in which inorganic particles or nanoparticles are inserted into an organic polymeric matrix, could bridge the gap between ceramics and polymers. We are interested in articles that explore polymer-based hybrid systems. The Special Issue topics include the synthesis and characterization of polymeric hybrid materials—hybrid composites in electronics and energy applications; hybrid composites in space applications; the biomedical application of hybrid polymeric materials.

Keywords

History of engineering & technology --- Merox process --- dimethyl disulfide --- metal phthalocyanine --- activated carbon --- sodium methylmercaptide oxidation --- composite --- polymer --- crystalline graphite powder --- transmittance property --- shape-memory polymer --- nickel powder --- protrusive chain --- shape-memory effect --- surface morphology --- poly(lactic acid) --- flax fibers --- biocomposites --- predictive analytical model --- mechanical properties --- hybrid composite --- PCL --- TiO2 --- SiO2 --- FT-IR spectroscopy --- antibacterial behavior --- thermoset --- polyester --- bio-based --- poultry feathers --- fish gelatin methacrylate --- strontium-doped calcium silicate --- bone regeneration --- cell-laden scaffold --- bioprinting --- recycling material --- adhesion --- NiTi plate --- PMMA/NiTi composites --- surface features --- semiconductor nanocrystal --- hybrid --- solar cells --- organic semiconductor --- solution processed --- surfactant --- mechanico-thermal --- nanocomposites --- magneto-rheological (MR) --- filler --- elastomer --- micro-structure --- PA6 --- montmorillonite --- flammability --- surface modification --- thermal properties --- flame retardants --- hybrid composites --- chemical engineering --- Merox process --- dimethyl disulfide --- metal phthalocyanine --- activated carbon --- sodium methylmercaptide oxidation --- composite --- polymer --- crystalline graphite powder --- transmittance property --- shape-memory polymer --- nickel powder --- protrusive chain --- shape-memory effect --- surface morphology --- poly(lactic acid) --- flax fibers --- biocomposites --- predictive analytical model --- mechanical properties --- hybrid composite --- PCL --- TiO2 --- SiO2 --- FT-IR spectroscopy --- antibacterial behavior --- thermoset --- polyester --- bio-based --- poultry feathers --- fish gelatin methacrylate --- strontium-doped calcium silicate --- bone regeneration --- cell-laden scaffold --- bioprinting --- recycling material --- adhesion --- NiTi plate --- PMMA/NiTi composites --- surface features --- semiconductor nanocrystal --- hybrid --- solar cells --- organic semiconductor --- solution processed --- surfactant --- mechanico-thermal --- nanocomposites --- magneto-rheological (MR) --- filler --- elastomer --- micro-structure --- PA6 --- montmorillonite --- flammability --- surface modification --- thermal properties --- flame retardants --- hybrid composites --- chemical engineering


Book
Synthesis, Chracterization and Applications of Coated Composite Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The formulation of coated composite materials is an important field of research around the world today. Coated composite materials include inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. These materials are formulated by an amalgamate minimum of two or more materials that accommodate different properties. These materials have a vast field of appealing applications that encourage scientists to work on them. Due to their unique properties, such as their strength, liability, swiftness, and low cost, they are used as promising candidates for reliable applications in various fields, such as biomedical, engineering, energy devices, wastewater treatment, and agriculture. Different types of composite materials have had a noticeable impact in these fields already, such as glass, plastic, and, most promisingly, metal oxide nanoparticles.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- 6H-SiC --- Cu-Sn alloy --- ion implantation --- wettability --- interface --- nanoparticles --- dyes --- catalysis --- reduction --- glass/Kevlar --- hybrid composites --- hand layup --- epoxy --- hardener --- tensile --- hardness shore D --- water absorption --- density --- peel --- ratio --- Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite --- consolidation behavior --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- thermal shock resistance --- ammonia electro-oxidation --- cyclic voltammetry --- electrochemical surface area (ECSA) --- electrocatalysts --- nanocomposites --- infrared detector --- resonant cavity --- energy applications --- absorptance --- Ce–Cu oxide --- co-precipitation --- photocatalyst --- dye degradation --- CuO/γ-Al2O3 --- ammonia electro-oxidation (AEO) --- nanocomposite structure --- XRD --- photoluminescence --- rare earth element REE --- heterogeneous catalysis --- perovskite --- CH3NH3PbI3 --- solar cells --- polysilane --- decaphenylcyclopentasilane --- stability --- chlorobenzene --- calculation --- Raman scattering --- lead-free --- NBT–BMN --- weight loss --- dielectric --- piezoelectric ceramics --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- kinetics --- antioxidant studies --- catalytic activity --- 6H-SiC --- Cu-Sn alloy --- ion implantation --- wettability --- interface --- nanoparticles --- dyes --- catalysis --- reduction --- glass/Kevlar --- hybrid composites --- hand layup --- epoxy --- hardener --- tensile --- hardness shore D --- water absorption --- density --- peel --- ratio --- Al2O3-Cr2O3 composite --- consolidation behavior --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- thermal shock resistance --- ammonia electro-oxidation --- cyclic voltammetry --- electrochemical surface area (ECSA) --- electrocatalysts --- nanocomposites --- infrared detector --- resonant cavity --- energy applications --- absorptance --- Ce–Cu oxide --- co-precipitation --- photocatalyst --- dye degradation --- CuO/γ-Al2O3 --- ammonia electro-oxidation (AEO) --- nanocomposite structure --- XRD --- photoluminescence --- rare earth element REE --- heterogeneous catalysis --- perovskite --- CH3NH3PbI3 --- solar cells --- polysilane --- decaphenylcyclopentasilane --- stability --- chlorobenzene --- calculation --- Raman scattering --- lead-free --- NBT–BMN --- weight loss --- dielectric --- piezoelectric ceramics --- bimetallic nanoparticles --- kinetics --- antioxidant studies --- catalytic activity


Book
Antibacterial Surfaces, Thin Films, and Nanostructured Coatings
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Creating antibacterial surfaces is the primary approach in preventing the occurrence and diffusion of clinical infections and foodborne diseases as well as in contrasting the propagation of pandemics in everyday life. Proper surface engineering can inhibit microorganism spread and biofilm formation, can contrast antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and can avoid cross-contamination from a contaminated surface to another and eventually to humans. For these reasons, antibacterial surfaces play a key role in many applications, ranging from biomedicine to food and beverage materials, textiles, and objects with frequent human contact. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents within a surface or their addition onto a surface are very effective strategies to achieve this aim and to properly modify many other surface properties at the same time. In this framework, this Special Issue collects research studying several materials and methods related to the antibacterial properties of surfaces for different applications and discussions about the environmental and human-safety aspects.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- nanocomposite --- mechanical properties --- cytotoxicity --- nanosilica --- antibiotics --- drug loading --- electrodeposition --- halloysite nanotubes --- zinc --- metal nanoparticles --- titanium implants --- cellulose --- silver --- nanoparticle --- antibacterial --- composite --- thin film --- xanthan gum --- zinc oxide --- quorum sensing --- biofilm --- virulence --- S. marcescens --- C. violaceum --- proteins --- titanium dioxide --- functionalization --- hybrid composites --- antimicrobial coatings --- aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) --- RF sputtering (RFS) --- supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) --- silver nanoparticles --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- health --- biomedical applications --- food packaging --- antibacterial coating --- antimicrobial peptide --- plasma polymer --- LL 37 --- Magainin --- Parasin --- bacterial attachment --- polylactide --- photodynamic --- supramolecular systems --- micelles --- drug delivery --- copolymers --- ring opening polymerization --- aPDT --- BODIPY --- antimicrobial --- polycaprolactone (PCL) --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- sputtering --- antiviral --- biomedical --- bioremediation --- antifouling --- metal ions --- graphene --- antibiotic resistance --- foams --- biomaterials --- nanocomposite --- mechanical properties --- cytotoxicity --- nanosilica --- antibiotics --- drug loading --- electrodeposition --- halloysite nanotubes --- zinc --- metal nanoparticles --- titanium implants --- cellulose --- silver --- nanoparticle --- antibacterial --- composite --- thin film --- xanthan gum --- zinc oxide --- quorum sensing --- biofilm --- virulence --- S. marcescens --- C. violaceum --- proteins --- titanium dioxide --- functionalization --- hybrid composites --- antimicrobial coatings --- aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) --- RF sputtering (RFS) --- supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD) --- silver nanoparticles --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- health --- biomedical applications --- food packaging --- antibacterial coating --- antimicrobial peptide --- plasma polymer --- LL 37 --- Magainin --- Parasin --- bacterial attachment --- polylactide --- photodynamic --- supramolecular systems --- micelles --- drug delivery --- copolymers --- ring opening polymerization --- aPDT --- BODIPY --- antimicrobial --- polycaprolactone (PCL) --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- sputtering --- antiviral --- biomedical --- bioremediation --- antifouling --- metal ions --- graphene --- antibiotic resistance --- foams --- biomaterials


Book
Synthesis, Chracterization and Applications of Coated Composite Materials for Energy Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The formulation of coated composite materials is an important field of research around the world today. Coated composite materials include inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials. These materials are formulated by an amalgamate minimum of two or more materials that accommodate different properties. These materials have a vast field of appealing applications that encourage scientists to work on them. Due to their unique properties, such as their strength, liability, swiftness, and low cost, they are used as promising candidates for reliable applications in various fields, such as biomedical, engineering, energy devices, wastewater treatment, and agriculture. Different types of composite materials have had a noticeable impact in these fields already, such as glass, plastic, and, most promisingly, metal oxide nanoparticles.


Book
Antibacterial Surfaces, Thin Films, and Nanostructured Coatings
Author:
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Creating antibacterial surfaces is the primary approach in preventing the occurrence and diffusion of clinical infections and foodborne diseases as well as in contrasting the propagation of pandemics in everyday life. Proper surface engineering can inhibit microorganism spread and biofilm formation, can contrast antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and can avoid cross-contamination from a contaminated surface to another and eventually to humans. For these reasons, antibacterial surfaces play a key role in many applications, ranging from biomedicine to food and beverage materials, textiles, and objects with frequent human contact. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents within a surface or their addition onto a surface are very effective strategies to achieve this aim and to properly modify many other surface properties at the same time. In this framework, this Special Issue collects research studying several materials and methods related to the antibacterial properties of surfaces for different applications and discussions about the environmental and human-safety aspects.


Book
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hybrid Composites
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Polymer composites represent the platform materials of the XXI century and are an important slice of the market in the production of modern plastics. Their design is based on adding a second component to the polymer matrix to enhance its properties. Among the various possible composites, organic–inorganic hybrid materials offer advantageous performance relative to either of the non-hybrid counterparts. The dramatic improvement of physical properties, compared with pure materials, in which inorganic particles or nanoparticles are inserted into an organic polymeric matrix, could bridge the gap between ceramics and polymers. We are interested in articles that explore polymer-based hybrid systems. The Special Issue topics include the synthesis and characterization of polymeric hybrid materials—hybrid composites in electronics and energy applications; hybrid composites in space applications; the biomedical application of hybrid polymeric materials.


Book
Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Hybrid Composites
Author:
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Polymer composites represent the platform materials of the XXI century and are an important slice of the market in the production of modern plastics. Their design is based on adding a second component to the polymer matrix to enhance its properties. Among the various possible composites, organic–inorganic hybrid materials offer advantageous performance relative to either of the non-hybrid counterparts. The dramatic improvement of physical properties, compared with pure materials, in which inorganic particles or nanoparticles are inserted into an organic polymeric matrix, could bridge the gap between ceramics and polymers. We are interested in articles that explore polymer-based hybrid systems. The Special Issue topics include the synthesis and characterization of polymeric hybrid materials—hybrid composites in electronics and energy applications; hybrid composites in space applications; the biomedical application of hybrid polymeric materials.

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