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More than 70 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus, a major cause of liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma world-wide. In the last decade, this cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of cancer death and the global burden is increasing by two million new infections per year, mainly due to injection drug use. An effective vaccine will be the most effective means to contain the spread of this virus worldwide. The articles in this Research Topic describe the progress that has been made towards a preventive vaccine and the challenges that still need to be overcome to ultimately achieve this goal.

Conformational epitopes --- humoral immunity --- Conformational structures --- neutralizing antibodies --- Vaccine --- Hepatitis C virus --- hypervariability and flexibility

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Medicine --- Immunology --- Drosophila melanogaster --- innate immunity --- cellular immunity --- humoral immunity --- model for human diseases --- metabolism --- bacteria --- host-pathogen interaction --- Drosophila melanogaster --- innate immunity --- cellular immunity --- humoral immunity --- model for human diseases --- metabolism --- bacteria --- host-pathogen interaction

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Drosophila melanogaster --- innate immunity --- cellular immunity --- humoral immunity --- model for human diseases --- metabolism --- bacteria --- host-pathogen interaction

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The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Aflatoxin B1 --- Lactobacillus --- anti-fungal --- Aspergillus flavus --- in vitro --- poultry --- chickens --- ascorbic acid --- curcumin --- boric acid --- necrotic enteritis --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- broiler --- growth --- intestinal villi --- Salmonella --- broilers --- IBDV --- soybean isoflavones --- immune function --- viral protein 5 mRNA expression --- ducks --- zinc oxide --- phytase --- growth performance --- zinc utilization --- residual feed consumption --- quail --- high environmental temperature --- intestinal morphology --- duodenum --- intestinal absorption --- broilers feeding --- propolis --- bee pollen --- DHA --- omega-3 --- fatty acids --- enrichment --- selenium sources-levels --- selenium retention --- antioxidant capacity --- frozen meat --- embryonic development --- heat shock proteins --- immunoglobulin --- intracytoplasmic vacuoles --- L-arginine --- amino acids --- dietary supplementation --- humoral immunity --- Moringa oleifera --- laying performance --- health status --- energy requirement --- meat quality --- slow-growing broilers --- nutrient deposition --- xylanase --- arabinofuranosidases --- nutrient utilization --- immunity --- strain --- in ovo injection --- royal jelly --- chicken --- hatchability --- blood --- chitooligosaccharide --- intestinal integrity --- digestive function --- heat stress --- indigenous yellow-feathered breed --- denatonium benzoate --- genistein --- ggTas2Rs --- bitter taste receptors --- licorice --- Glycyrrhiza glabra --- beneficial effects --- pharmaceutical --- health --- turkey --- footpad dermatitis --- charcoal --- crude protein reduced diet --- compensatory growth --- omega-6 --- fatty acid --- nutrition --- performance --- antioxidant --- egg and meat quality --- fertility --- cholesterol --- CuZn-SOD --- HMG-CoA --- HSP70 --- laying hens --- L-Thr --- n/a --- vitamin B12 --- pekin ducks --- weight gain --- feed intake --- feed conversion ratio --- hematological indicator --- antibiotic --- hydrolysable polyphenol --- monoglyceride --- pathogen --- poultry feeding --- antioxidant status --- bamboo leaf extract --- cholesterol metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- heart --- kidney --- Camelina oil --- Camelina cake --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- broiler chicken --- threonine --- metabolism --- blood parameter --- polyethylene glycol --- red grape pomace waste --- broiler chickens --- alternative energy source --- soybean lecithin --- phospholipids --- vegetable acid oil --- digestibility balance --- free fatty acids --- triacylglycerols --- mannanoligosaccharide --- oxidative status --- Partridge Shank chickens --- nanoparticles --- chromium --- supplementation --- electrophysiology --- Ussing chamber --- antibiotics --- intestinal health --- probiotics --- methionine --- reduced crude protein --- slaughter characteristics --- medicinal mushrooms --- Allium --- feed additive --- organosulfur compounds --- polyphenols --- levels --- sources --- carcass --- betaine --- Evans blue dye --- physiological responses --- feed additives --- prebiotics --- phytogenics --- organic acids --- anticoccidials --- Clostridium perfringens --- production performance --- essential oils --- housing system --- ISA brown --- production --- egg production --- green tea powder --- huainan partridge chicken --- lipoprotein lipase --- plasma lipid --- cadmium --- clay --- blood biochemical parameters --- multienzymes --- administration method --- enzyme dose --- blood constituents --- blood chemistry --- emulsifiers --- TBARs --- nutrient requirements --- growth indices --- modeling --- Chinese yellow-feathered chickens --- probiotic --- phytobiotic --- alternative ingredients --- lipid peroxidation --- biological nano-curcumin --- diet --- pathogens --- phytobiotics --- green tea --- pomegranate --- drinking water --- antiradical activity --- cecal microbiota --- SNP --- IGF1 --- IGFBP2 --- TGFß3 --- Hubbard F15 --- Cobb E --- meat --- bilberry leaves --- walnut leaves --- digestive enzyme activities --- blood haematology --- serum biochemistry

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The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- Aflatoxin B1 --- Lactobacillus --- anti-fungal --- Aspergillus flavus --- in vitro --- poultry --- chickens --- ascorbic acid --- curcumin --- boric acid --- necrotic enteritis --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- broiler --- growth --- intestinal villi --- Salmonella --- broilers --- IBDV --- soybean isoflavones --- immune function --- viral protein 5 mRNA expression --- ducks --- zinc oxide --- phytase --- growth performance --- zinc utilization --- residual feed consumption --- quail --- high environmental temperature --- intestinal morphology --- duodenum --- intestinal absorption --- broilers feeding --- propolis --- bee pollen --- DHA --- omega-3 --- fatty acids --- enrichment --- selenium sources-levels --- selenium retention --- antioxidant capacity --- frozen meat --- embryonic development --- heat shock proteins --- immunoglobulin --- intracytoplasmic vacuoles --- L-arginine --- amino acids --- dietary supplementation --- humoral immunity --- Moringa oleifera --- laying performance --- health status --- energy requirement --- meat quality --- slow-growing broilers --- nutrient deposition --- xylanase --- arabinofuranosidases --- nutrient utilization --- immunity --- strain --- in ovo injection --- royal jelly --- chicken --- hatchability --- blood --- chitooligosaccharide --- intestinal integrity --- digestive function --- heat stress --- indigenous yellow-feathered breed --- denatonium benzoate --- genistein --- ggTas2Rs --- bitter taste receptors --- licorice --- Glycyrrhiza glabra --- beneficial effects --- pharmaceutical --- health --- turkey --- footpad dermatitis --- charcoal --- crude protein reduced diet --- compensatory growth --- omega-6 --- fatty acid --- nutrition --- performance --- antioxidant --- egg and meat quality --- fertility --- cholesterol --- CuZn-SOD --- HMG-CoA --- HSP70 --- laying hens --- L-Thr --- vitamin B12 --- pekin ducks --- weight gain --- feed intake --- feed conversion ratio --- hematological indicator --- antibiotic --- hydrolysable polyphenol --- monoglyceride --- pathogen --- poultry feeding --- antioxidant status --- bamboo leaf extract --- cholesterol metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- heart --- kidney --- Camelina oil --- Camelina cake --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- broiler chicken --- threonine --- metabolism --- blood parameter --- polyethylene glycol --- red grape pomace waste --- broiler chickens --- alternative energy source --- soybean lecithin --- phospholipids --- vegetable acid oil --- digestibility balance --- free fatty acids --- triacylglycerols --- mannanoligosaccharide --- oxidative status --- Partridge Shank chickens --- nanoparticles --- chromium --- supplementation --- electrophysiology --- Ussing chamber --- antibiotics --- intestinal health --- probiotics --- methionine --- reduced crude protein --- slaughter characteristics --- medicinal mushrooms --- Allium --- feed additive --- organosulfur compounds --- polyphenols --- levels --- sources --- carcass --- betaine --- Evans blue dye --- physiological responses --- feed additives --- prebiotics --- phytogenics --- organic acids --- anticoccidials --- Clostridium perfringens --- production performance --- essential oils --- housing system --- ISA brown --- production --- egg production --- green tea powder --- huainan partridge chicken --- lipoprotein lipase --- plasma lipid --- cadmium --- clay --- blood biochemical parameters --- multienzymes --- administration method --- enzyme dose --- blood constituents --- blood chemistry --- emulsifiers --- TBARs --- nutrient requirements --- growth indices --- modeling --- Chinese yellow-feathered chickens --- probiotic --- phytobiotic --- alternative ingredients --- lipid peroxidation --- biological nano-curcumin --- diet --- pathogens --- phytobiotics --- green tea --- pomegranate --- drinking water --- antiradical activity --- cecal microbiota --- SNP --- IGF1 --- IGFBP2 --- TGFß3 --- Hubbard F15 --- Cobb E --- meat --- bilberry leaves --- walnut leaves --- digestive enzyme activities --- blood haematology --- serum biochemistry --- Aflatoxin B1 --- Lactobacillus --- anti-fungal --- Aspergillus flavus --- in vitro --- poultry --- chickens --- ascorbic acid --- curcumin --- boric acid --- necrotic enteritis --- Salmonella Enteritidis --- broiler --- growth --- intestinal villi --- Salmonella --- broilers --- IBDV --- soybean isoflavones --- immune function --- viral protein 5 mRNA expression --- ducks --- zinc oxide --- phytase --- growth performance --- zinc utilization --- residual feed consumption --- quail --- high environmental temperature --- intestinal morphology --- duodenum --- intestinal absorption --- broilers feeding --- propolis --- bee pollen --- DHA --- omega-3 --- fatty acids --- enrichment --- selenium sources-levels --- selenium retention --- antioxidant capacity --- frozen meat --- embryonic development --- heat shock proteins --- immunoglobulin --- intracytoplasmic vacuoles --- L-arginine --- amino acids --- dietary supplementation --- humoral immunity --- Moringa oleifera --- laying performance --- health status --- energy requirement --- meat quality --- slow-growing broilers --- nutrient deposition --- xylanase --- arabinofuranosidases --- nutrient utilization --- immunity --- strain --- in ovo injection --- royal jelly --- chicken --- hatchability --- blood --- chitooligosaccharide --- intestinal integrity --- digestive function --- heat stress --- indigenous yellow-feathered breed --- denatonium benzoate --- genistein --- ggTas2Rs --- bitter taste receptors --- licorice --- Glycyrrhiza glabra --- beneficial effects --- pharmaceutical --- health --- turkey --- footpad dermatitis --- charcoal --- crude protein reduced diet --- compensatory growth --- omega-6 --- fatty acid --- nutrition --- performance --- antioxidant --- egg and meat quality --- fertility --- cholesterol --- CuZn-SOD --- HMG-CoA --- HSP70 --- laying hens --- L-Thr --- vitamin B12 --- pekin ducks --- weight gain --- feed intake --- feed conversion ratio --- hematological indicator --- antibiotic --- hydrolysable polyphenol --- monoglyceride --- pathogen --- poultry feeding --- antioxidant status --- bamboo leaf extract --- cholesterol metabolism --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- heart --- kidney --- Camelina oil --- Camelina cake --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- broiler chicken --- threonine --- metabolism --- blood parameter --- polyethylene glycol --- red grape pomace waste --- broiler chickens --- alternative energy source --- soybean lecithin --- phospholipids --- vegetable acid oil --- digestibility balance --- free fatty acids --- triacylglycerols --- mannanoligosaccharide --- oxidative status --- Partridge Shank chickens --- nanoparticles --- chromium --- supplementation --- electrophysiology --- Ussing chamber --- antibiotics --- intestinal health --- probiotics --- methionine --- reduced crude protein --- slaughter characteristics --- medicinal mushrooms --- Allium --- feed additive --- organosulfur compounds --- polyphenols --- levels --- sources --- carcass --- betaine --- Evans blue dye --- physiological responses --- feed additives --- prebiotics --- phytogenics --- organic acids --- anticoccidials --- Clostridium perfringens --- production performance --- essential oils --- housing system --- ISA brown --- production --- egg production --- green tea powder --- huainan partridge chicken --- lipoprotein lipase --- plasma lipid --- cadmium --- clay --- blood biochemical parameters --- multienzymes --- administration method --- enzyme dose --- blood constituents --- blood chemistry --- emulsifiers --- TBARs --- nutrient requirements --- growth indices --- modeling --- Chinese yellow-feathered chickens --- probiotic --- phytobiotic --- alternative ingredients --- lipid peroxidation --- biological nano-curcumin --- diet --- pathogens --- phytobiotics --- green tea --- pomegranate --- drinking water --- antiradical activity --- cecal microbiota --- SNP --- IGF1 --- IGFBP2 --- TGFß3 --- Hubbard F15 --- Cobb E --- meat --- bilberry leaves --- walnut leaves --- digestive enzyme activities --- blood haematology --- serum biochemistry