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Patient outcomes remain poor for many cancers despite improvements in treatments and new molecular-targeted biomedicines for certain cancer types or subtypes. Dose-limiting toxicity, a narrow therapeutic index, and the development of resistance to traditional anti-cancer agents are well-established. It is apparent that inherent and acquired drug resistance are major challenges with molecular-targeted agents and that on- as well as off-target side effects can still occur. Other issues include drug metabolism by the body and safely supplying a sufficient amount of active drug to the tumor cells. There is a clear and urgent need for new molecular targets and drugs that specifically target cancer cells in different ways to existing approved drugs. This book, through a collection of eight research articles and two review articles from the Biomedicines themed Special Issue ‘Novel Anti-Cancer Agents and Cellular Targets and Their Mechanism(s) of Action’, provides a snapshot of some of the diverse and exciting research approaches being taken by the cancer research community in trying to address some of these therapeutic challenges.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- microtubule acetylation --- triple-negative breast cancer --- anti-cancer agent --- apoptosis --- K562 --- 8-hydroxydaidzein --- autophagy --- BCR-ABL --- MAPK --- NF-κB --- c-myc --- RNA interference --- siRNA --- oncogene --- gene silencing --- expression --- nanosystems --- Cytochrome P450 --- CYP1A1 --- CYP1B1 --- CYP2W1 --- breast cancer --- prodrug --- bioprecursor --- duocarmycin --- phortress --- AQ4N --- 5-FU resistance --- colorectal cancer --- drug repurposing --- Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer --- Connectivity Map --- anticancer drug --- B-lactam steroid alkylators --- synthetic lethality --- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors --- ovarian cancer --- hybrid steroidal alkylating agents --- migration --- invasion --- glioblastoma --- CCN1 --- mesenchymal–amoeboid transition --- biomarker --- HepG2 --- Huh7 --- isatin sulfonamides --- angiogenesis --- cancer hallmarks --- molecular docking --- EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor --- photon upconversion --- triplet-triplet annihilation --- in vivo imaging --- PLGA --- nanoparticles --- affibody molecule --- human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) --- BxPC-3 --- emtansine --- DM1 --- albumin binding domain --- affibody drug conjugate (AffiDC) --- n/a --- mesenchymal-amoeboid transition