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Welche Rolle kann und muss der Humanismus in der Epoche der Globalisierung spielen? Rekonstruktiv und kritisch diskutiert Hilmar Kallweit die Zukunftsfähigkeit des anthropologisch-ethischen Deutungsentwurfs, der für den Humanismus seit der Antike leitend war. Anhand einschlägiger Quellen der beiden zentralen Phasen des nachantiken Humanismus, des rhetorischen Humanismus der Frühen Neuzeit und des klassischen Humanismus an der Schwelle zur Moderne, entwickelt er Konsequenzen für ein Erkenntnisprogramm, das dem Humanismus erneute Geltung und kulturelle Orientierungskompetenz verschaffen kann. »The study offers a very thorough and detailed analysis of various forms of humanism as well as of the conditions for such thinking in our present globalized and pluralistic world.« Pia Heidemeier, International Journal of English Studies, 26/2 (2015) Besprochen in: Zeitschrift für Internationale Freimaurerforschung, 37 (2017), Helmut Reinalter

Humanism --- History. --- Humanismus; Ethik; Anthropologie; Globalisierung; Mensch; Kultur; Kulturtheorie; Philosophiegeschichte; Kulturgeschichte; Kulturwissenschaft; Ethics; Globalization; Human; Culture; Cultural Theory; History of Philosophy; Cultural History; Cultural Studies --- Cultural History. --- Cultural Studies. --- Cultural Theory. --- Culture. --- Globalization. --- History of Philosophy. --- Human.

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Ist der Konfuzianismus ein Humanismus? Seit dem Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts ist er, sowohl im Westen als auch in China, vielfach in diesem Licht betrachtet worden. Ming-huei Lees Studie unternimmt den Versuch, die Vielfalt und Lebendigkeit der konfuzianischen Tradition in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart aus transkultureller Perspektive zu verdeutlichen. Schwerpunkte bilden dabei die philosophische Interpretation klassischer konfuzianischer Texte und das für den modernen Konfuzianismus höchst folgenreiche Zusammentreffen mit der Philosophie Kants. Neben einem Vergleich des konfuzianischen und des abendländischen Humanismus und einer Analyse des Schicksals des Konfuzianismus im heutigen China werden mit »Lunyü« und »Mengzi« klassische konfuzianische Texte ebenso diskutiert wie die Kant-Rezeption in China. Ist der Konfuzianismus eine Religion? Ming-huei Lee zeigt, dass der Konfuzianismus eine moralische Religion im Kantischen Sinne ist und dass er - im Unterschied zum neuzeitlichen europäischen Humanismus - als Humanismus mit religiöser Dimension verstanden werden kann. »Das flüssig geschriebene Buch verschafft einen auch persönlichen Überblick über die Rezeptionsgeschichte der Kantschen Philosophie in China und vermittelt eingängiges Wissen über die Entwicklung und den Einfluss des deutschen Geisteslebens auf die frühe Republikzeit Chinas [...]. Durch die Lektüre erfährt man den Fortgang der chinesischen Rezeption bis zur Behandlung des chinesischen Marxismus und Liberalismus.« Andreas Bechtle, huminismus aktuell, 14.05.2015 »Die hier versammelten Aufsätze machen deutlich, wie lebendig der Konfuzianismus im chinesichen Sprachraum bis heute diskutiert wird.« Gudula Linck, Internationales Asienforum, 1-2 (2014) »Der west-östliche Religionsdialog bekommt ganz erstaunliche, auch widersprüchliche Konturen trotz und gerade wegen der weiterhin geltenden ›Orthodoxie‹ des Marxismus in China. Dennoch scheinen im Zusammenhang eines umfassenden Humanismus ermutigende Konvergenzen zwischen dem Westen und dem Fernen Osten möglich zu werden. Dass Ming-huei Lee westliche LeserInnen darauf aufmerksam macht, ist der größte Vorzug dieses Buches.« Reinhard Kirste, Ein-Sichten, 01.12.2013 Besprochen in: VKRG Inform, 1 (2014) www.frauenrat-nrw.de, 19.01.2014, Christa Tamara Kaul

Humanism. --- Humanismus. --- Konfuzianismus. --- Philosophy, Confucian. --- Kant, Immanuel, --- Konfuzianismus; Humanismus; Kant; Mou Zongsan; Mensch; Religion; Kultur; Kulturphilosophie; Philosophische Anthropologie; Religionswissenschaft; China; Philosophie; Human; Culture; Philosophy of Culture; Philosophical Anthropology; Religious Studies; Philosophy --- China. --- Culture. --- Philosophical Anthropology. --- Philosophy of Culture. --- Philosophy. --- Religion. --- Religious Studies.

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What do we think about when we think about human evolution? With his characteristic wit and wisdom, anthropologist Jonathan Marks explores our scientific narrative of human origins-the study of evolution-and examines its cultural elements and theoretical foundations. In the process, he situates human evolution within a general anthropological framework and presents it as a special case of kinship and mythology. Tales of the Ex-Apes argues that human evolution has incorporated the emergence of social relations and cultural histories that are unprecedented in the apes and thus cannot be reduced to purely biological properties and processes. Marks shows that human evolution has involved the transformation from biological to biocultural evolution. Over tens of thousands of years, new social roles-notably spouse, father, in-laws, and grandparents-have co-evolved with new technologies and symbolic meanings to produce the human species, in the absence of significant biological evolution. We are biocultural creatures, Marks argues, fully comprehensible by recourse to neither our real ape ancestry nor our imaginary cultureless biology.

Human evolution. --- Social evolution. --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human beings --- Cultural evolution --- Cultural transformation --- Culture, Evolution of --- Culture --- Evolution --- Social change --- Origin --- anthropology. --- biocultural evolution. --- biocultural. --- biological anthropology. --- biological evolution. --- biology. --- creationism. --- evolution. --- genetic evolution. --- great chain of being. --- history of evolution. --- human culture. --- human development. --- human evolution. --- human nature. --- human origins. --- human species. --- kinship. --- man from apes. --- modern biology. --- primatology. --- science and genetics. --- science of human origins. --- science. --- scientists. --- social evolution. --- study of evolution.

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Life Histories of the Dobe !Kung re-examines an important anthropological data set for the Dobe !Kung, the well-known "Bushmen" of the Kalahari Desert, collected by Nancy Howell and colleagues. Using life history analysis, Howell reinterprets this rich material to address the question of how these hunter-gatherers maintain their notably good health from childhood through old age in the Kalahari's harsh environment. She divides the population into life history stages that correlate with estimated chronological ages and demonstrates how and why they survive, even thrive, on a modest allotment of calories. She describes how surplus food is produced and distributed, and she considers both the motives for the generous sharing she has observed among the Dobe !Kung and some evolutionary implications of that behavior.

!Kung (African people) --- Food habits --- Food --- Food. --- Nutrition. --- Health and hygiene. --- Caloric content --- anthropological data set. --- anthropology. --- biographical. --- bushmen. --- cultural anthropology. --- discussion books. --- dobe kung. --- ethnographers. --- evolutionary implications. --- food. --- generational. --- good health. --- harsh environment. --- human behavior. --- human culture. --- hunter gatherers. --- kalahari desert. --- life analysis. --- life histories. --- life spans. --- life stages. --- low calorie diets. --- nonfiction. --- physical anthropology. --- remote places. --- retrospective. --- scientists. --- sharing culture. --- sociology anthropology. --- weight issues.

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Humans possess an extraordinary capacity for culture, from the arts and language to science and technology. But how did the human mind-and the uniquely human ability to devise and transmit culture-evolve from its roots in animal behavior? Darwin's Unfinished Symphony presents a captivating new theory of human cognitive evolution. This compelling and accessible book reveals how culture is not just the magnificent end product of an evolutionary process that produced a species unlike all others-it is also the key driving force behind that process. Kevin Laland tells the story of the painstaking fieldwork, the key experiments, the false leads, and the stunning scientific breakthroughs that led to this new understanding of how culture transformed human evolution. It is the story of how Darwin's intellectual descendants picked up where he left off and took up the challenge of providing a scientific account of the evolution of the human mind.

Cognition and culture. --- Human evolution. --- Social evolution. --- Allan Wilson. --- adaptive evolution. --- agriculture. --- alleles. --- animal creativity. --- animal innovation. --- animals. --- arts. --- asocial learning. --- behavioral development. --- behavioral differences. --- behavioral diversity. --- biological evolution. --- brain evolution. --- brain size. --- capuchin monkeys. --- children. --- chimpanzees. --- coevolution. --- cognition. --- communication systems. --- cooperation. --- cooperative mechanisms. --- copying. --- cultural activities. --- cultural drive. --- cultural evolution. --- cultural lineages. --- cultural practices. --- cultural processes. --- cultural production. --- culture. --- cultures. --- cumulative culture. --- dance. --- early language. --- environmental change. --- evolution. --- evolutionary feedback. --- evolved psychology. --- experimental investigation. --- experimental research. --- fish behavior. --- flexible model system. --- gene variants. --- gene-culture coevolution. --- high-fidelity transmission. --- human achievement. --- human civilization. --- human cognitive evolution. --- human culture. --- human evolution. --- human genes. --- human innovation. --- human intellect. --- human mind. --- human society. --- hunter-gatherer society. --- imitation. --- language evolution theories. --- language evolution. --- language generality. --- language. --- large-scale cooperation. --- life history. --- mathematical modeling. --- morality. --- natural selection. --- new behavior patterns. --- novel techniques. --- ratcheting. --- scientific community. --- sexual behavior. --- social learning. --- social life. --- sticklebacks. --- teaching. --- tradition. --- transmission fidelity. --- transmitted behavior.