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History of technology. --- Wagner, Franz X.,

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Wir sind von komplexen Dingen umgeben, die gleichzeitig wirken und doch hinter Interfaces verborgen sind. Dies gilt für die Datennetze, in denen wir uns bewegen, genauso wie für autonome Systeme, die unsere Daten verarbeiten. SmartWatches, Künstliche Intelligenz oder CRISPR-Cas9 sind rezente Beispiele für solche Black Boxes, der Buchdruck oder schon früheste Steinwerkzeuge historische. In dem vorliegenden interdisziplinären Band werden Versiegelungskontexte dieser Black Boxes untersucht oder Öffnungsversuche dieser dargestellt. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen stehen einzelne Fallbeispiele anhand derer theoretische Untersuchungswerkzeuge erprobt werden. Theorieimpulse kommen hierbei aus den Science and Technology Studies und der Medienwissenschaft, sind angeregt durch den Material Culture Turn, aber auch von einer (digitalen) Phänomenologie und Hermeneutik. Dreizehn Beiträge in vier Abschnitten kartieren beispielhaft das Feld; eingebettet und abgerundet werden diese durch vier Respondenzen und einen ergänzenden Beitrag zur Ideengeschichte der Automaten. Der Band liefert somit einen Überblick über aktuelle Technikforschung in Deutschland anhand des Beispiels der Black Box, die jedoch in der Geschichte der Diskussion geerdet wird.

HISTORY / Ancient / General. --- Black Box. --- History of Technology. --- Interface. --- Materiality.

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Kurt Möser visits new fields of our technological cultural past. Cameras, airports, racing boats or ironclads become significant. His essays stimulate methods and new themes. Crime end technology, magic and aeronautics, the birth of the computer from battleship calculators, excentric usters – these are some of the subjects, organized in things, spaces, persons, unpleasances, old and new, individual themes.

history of technology --- Theorie der Technikgeschichte --- history communication --- cultural history --- Technikgeschichte --- Technikkulturwissenschaft --- mobility history --- theory of history of technology --- Mobilitätsgeschichte --- Geschichtsvermittlung

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"By 1897 Guglielmo Marconi had transformed James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetic waves into a workable wireless telegraphy system, and by 1907 Lee de Forest had invented the audion, a feedback amplifier and oscillator that opened the way to practical radio transmission. Fifteen years after Marconi's invention, wireless had become an essential means of communication, as well as a hobby for many. This book offers a new perspective on the early days of wireless communication. Drawing on previously untapped archival evidence and recent work in the history and sociology of science and technology, it examines the substance and context of both experimental and theoretical aspects of engineering and scientific practices in the first years of this technology. It offers new insights into the relationship between Marconi and his scientific advisor, the physicist John Ambrose Fleming (inventor of the vacuum tube). It includes the full story of the infamous 1903 incident in which Marc ni's opponent Nevil Maskelyne interfered with Fleming's public demonstration of Marconi's syntonic (tuning) system at the Royal Institution by sending derogatory messages from his own transmitter. The analysis of the Maskelyne affair highlights the struggle between Marconi and his opponents, the efficacy of early syntonic devices, Fleming's role as a public witness to Marconi's private experiments, and the nature of Marconi's "shows." It also provides a rare case study of how the credibility of an engineer can be created, consumed, and suddenly destroyed. The book concludes with a discussion of de Forest's audion and the shift from wireless telegraphy to radio."

Radio --- History. --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Communications & Telecommunications

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The production of bicycles in Britain and the United States recently suffered severe setbacks. The renowned American Schwinn brand was downgraded to the mass market by its new owners following bankruptcy, and Britain's Raleigh came close to closure because of high debts and poor returns, saved only by a last-minute management buyout. In both cases, market share and credibility were lost to newer, more innovative firms, as well as to a recentering of the global bicycle industry in the Far East.This book reflects on such changes by setting them within a sociological and historical context. It focuses on the British bicycle industry in the interwar years and in the 1980s and the 1990s--periods characterized by modernization of production and of industrial organization, by changing relations among players in the industry, by new developments in labor relations, and by changes in interactions between markets and product design. In particular, it traces the fortunes of the Raleigh Cycle Company from its beginnings as an innovative young firm, through massive expansion of its products and markets and the assimilation of many of its competitors, into further innovation amid market contraction and management inertia, and finally into a phase of global restructuring that has transformed and reduced its role within the industry.The book explores the complex ways in which product design, production methods, industrial organization, and the cultures of cycling have interacted to create a succession of sociotechnical frames for the bicycle. At the same time, on an activist level, the book promotes a participatory politics of bicycle technology and a less car-centered view of personal transportation.

Bicycle industry --- Bicycle industry --- Technological innovations --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/General --- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Technology