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This is the first detailed analysis of an immensely popular 13th c. Arabic guide for pharmacists, from a time in which Jewish physicians and pharmacists worked alongside Muslim and Christian practioners. Minhāj al-dukkān ('How to manage a pharmacy'), by Abū ʾl-Munā al-Kūhīn al-ʿAṭṭār (fl. 1260) is the first attempt to explore the full spectrum of pharmacy in the medieval Arabic world: identification of the materia medica and methods of preparation; pharmacy's place within the sciences and particularly its relationship with medicine; the social position of the pharmacist and his role in the marketplace and the hospital; the economics of pharmacy; legal aspects of pharmacy; and the image of the pharmacist in literature and drama. The result is a full and nuanced picture of a section of society usually invisible.

Pharmacy --- Pharmacopoeias --- Medicine, Arab --- History, Medieval --- Medicine, Arabic --- History. --- history --- ʻAṭṭār al-Hārūnī, Dāwud ibn Abī Naṣr, --- History --- ʻAṭṭār al-Hārūnī, Dāwud ibn Abī Naṣr, --- Dispensatories --- Medicine --- Chemistry --- Drugs --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy - Egypt - Cairo - History --- Pharmacopoeias - Egypt - Cairo - History --- Medicine, Arab - History --- Pharmacy - history - Egypt --- History, Medieval - Egypt --- Medicine, Arabic - history - Egypt --- ʻAṭṭār al-Hārūnī, Dāwud ibn Abī Naṣr, - 13th cent. - Minhāj al-dukkān wa-dustūr al-aʻyān fī aʻmāl wa-tarākīb al-adwīyah al-nāfiʻah lil-abdān --- History of Pharmacy. --- History, Medieval.

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Die altägyptische Medizin des 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. Galt als die beste ihrer Zeit im gesamten östlichen Mittelmeerraum und Mesopotamien. Ihre Wertschätzung beruhte vor allem auf dem umfangreichen Wissen der ägyptischen Ärzte um die Heilkraft von Arzneimittelpflanzen. Diese, auf empirischem Wege erlangten Kenntnisse, sind uns in zahlreichen Papyri überliefert. Der erste Teil des Bandes listet die in den altägyptischen Papyri genannten Pflanzenprodukte auf. Anhand kurzer, ins Deutsche übersetzter Textpassagen wird für jedes die medizinische Verwendung dokumentiert. Dabei lassen sich für viele Materialien Anwendungsschwerpunkte erkennen, die Rückschlüsse auf ihre pharmazeutische Wirkung erlauben. Die botanische Identifizierung der einzelnen Heilpflanzen ist jedoch bis heute nur zu einem geringen Teil möglich. Um dennoch einen Einblick in den möglichen und auch wahrscheinlichen altägyptischen Heilpflanzenschatz zu gewinnen, werden im zweiten Teil des Bandes die Pflanzen vorgestellt, die in der neuzeitlichen ägyptischen Volksmedizin eine Rolle spielen. Als Quelle dienen dafür die Schriften Prosper Alpins aus dem 16. Jahrhundert und die neusten Forschungen zu den noch heute in Ägypten genutzten Arzneimittelpflanzen. Soweit es möglich ist, sind den einzelnen Pflanzen noch Informationen zu ihrer Verwendung in der koptischen Heilkunde und Erwähnung bei Plinius und Dioskurides beigefügt. Basierend auf den archäobotanischen Arbeiten der letzten Jahre wird überprüft, ob die jeweilige Heilpflanze zur heimischen Flora Ägyptens gehört oder durch Handelsbeziehungen bereits im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. für die Ärzte erreichbar war.

Botany, Medical --- Medicinal plants --- Drug plants --- Medical botany --- History --- Plants, Useful --- Botanical drug industry --- Materia medica, Vegetable --- Psychotropic plants --- Botany --- Medical sciences --- Medical botanists --- Phytotherapy --- History, Ancient --- Plants, Medicinal --- history --- Botany, Medical - Egypt - History --- Medicinal plants - Egypt - Handbooks, manuals, etc --- Phytotherapy - history - Egypt --- History, Ancient - Egypt. --- Plants, Medicinal - Egypt. --- Plantes médicinales --- Égypte --- Guides, manuels, etc.

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Manuscripts, Greek (Papyri) --- Money --- -History --- -Manuscripts, Greek (Papyri) --- Manuscripts, Greek --- -Greek manuscripts --- Greek language --- Greek philology --- Greek papyri --- Papyri, Greek --- Manuscripts, Classical (Papyri) --- Manuscripts (Papyri) --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- History --- Sources. --- -Greek papyri --- Greek manuscripts --- History&delete& --- Sources --- Manuscripts, Greek (Papyri) - Egypt --- Money - - History - Egypt --- -Money

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Women and literature --- Art and state --- Authors and patrons --- Greek poetry, Hellenistic --- Social mobility in literature --- Literature and society --- -Sex role in literature --- History --- History and criticism --- Theocritus --- Political and social views --- -Art and state --- -Authors and patrons --- -Greek poetry, Hellenistic --- -Literature and society --- Literature --- Literature and sociology --- Society and literature --- Sociology and literature --- Sociolinguistics --- Hellenistic Greek poetry --- Greek literature, Hellenistic --- Literary patronage --- Maecenatism --- Patronage of literature --- Sponsorship of literature --- Art patronage --- Literary patrons --- Literature and state --- Art --- Arts --- Politics and art --- State and art --- Art and society --- Cultural policy --- Education and state --- Social aspects --- Government policy --- -Theocritus --- -Théocrite --- Theokritos --- Views on sex role --- Social mobility in literature. --- Sex role in literature. --- Poésie grecque hellénistique --- -Littérature et société --- Femmes et littérature --- Ecrivains et mécènes --- Mobilité sociale dans la littérature --- Rôle selon le sexe dans la littérature --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Alexandrie --- Histoire --- Politique gouvernementale --- Mimes --- Sex role in literature --- Mime artists --- Actors --- Benefactors --- Théocrite --- Political and social views. --- History. --- Women and literature - History - Egypt - Alexandria --- -Art and state - History - Egypt - - Alexandria --- -Authors and patrons - History - Egypt - - Alexandria --- -Greek poetry, Hellenistic - History and criticism - Egypt - - Alexandria --- -Social mobility in literature --- Literature and society - Egypt - Alexandria - History --- Theocritus - Political and social views --- Greek & Latin Languages & Literatures --- Languages & Literatures

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This exploration of cultural resilience examines the complex fate of classical Egyptian religion during the centuries from the period when Christianity first made its appearance in Egypt to when it became the region's dominant religion (roughly 100 to 600 C.E. Taking into account the full range of witnesses to continuing native piety--from papyri and saints' lives to archaeology and terracotta figurines--and drawing on anthropological studies of folk religion, David Frankfurter argues that the religion of Pharonic Egypt did not die out as early as has been supposed but was instead relegated from political centers to village and home, where it continued a vigorous existence for centuries. In analyzing the fate of the Egyptian oracle and of the priesthoods, the function of magical texts, and the dynamics of domestic cults, Frankfurter describes how an ancient culture maintained itself while also being transformed through influences such as Hellenism, Roman government, and Christian dominance. Recognizing the special characteristics of Egypt, which differentiated it from the other Mediterranean cultures that were undergoing simultaneous social and political changes, he departs from the traditional "decline of paganism/triumph of Christianity" model most often used to describe the Roman period. By revealing late Egyptian religion in its Egyptian historical context, he moves us away from scenarios of Christian triumph and shows us how long and how energetically pagan worship survived.

Egyptische godsdienst. --- Vroege christendom. --- Egypte. --- Egyptian --- Religion égyptienne --- -200.932 --- -Egyptian --- Religion History Egypt --- Religion égyptienne --- 299.31 --- Egypt --- -Christianity and other religions --- Christianity --- Christianity and other religions --- Syncretism (Christianity) --- 299.31 Godsdiensten van de Oude Egyptenaren --- Godsdiensten van de Oude Egyptenaren --- Religion --- Relations --- History --- 200.932 --- Christianisme --- Egypte --- 332 B.C.-638 A.D. --- Egypt - Religion - 332 B.C.-640 A.D. --- Christianity and other religions - Egyptian. --- RELIGION / History. --- Abydos. --- Ammianus Marcellinus. --- Apis bull. --- Atripe. --- Bes. --- Blemmyes. --- Canopus (Delta). --- Edfu. --- Eunapius. --- Gesios. --- Harpocrates. --- Hermetica. --- Herodotus. --- Horus. --- Jews and Judaism. --- John of Lycopolis. --- Libanius of Antioch. --- Lucian. --- Mandulis. --- Manichaeism. --- Min (Pan). --- Osiris. --- Paphnuti. --- Petbe. --- Plutarch. --- Re-Harmachis. --- Rufinus. --- Seth (Typhon). --- Syria. --- amulets. --- demons and demonology. --- domestic religion. --- exorcism. --- festivals. --- hagiography. --- healing and healers. --- naoi. --- oracles. --- terracotta figurines.