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Diet, High-Fat

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This objective of this narrative review is to study the involvement of the high fat diet and microbiota in postoperative complications. Studies have highlighted that inflammation, and in particular its non-resolution is associated to more infectious and cardiovascular complications, and this both in abdominal to more infectious and cardiovascular complications, and this both in abdominal surgery and orthopedic surgery. We have carried out research on PubMed literature to ascertain whether there is a link between microbiota and postoperative complications via inflammation, and this to evaluate the interest of setting up an observational study in which we would modify the microbiota in perioperative to decrease postoperative complications. However, that intestinal microbiota is associated to more postoperative complications with eventually inflammation as mediator, still seems unclear. The studies that we have read in the context of this memoire give promising conclusions in this domain, but are still insufficient to establish a solid link; In strategies designed to modify the intestinal microbiota, several studies have shown that a high fat diet is responsible for a decrease in the number of beneficial bacteria for humans. The use of prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics would restore the levels of “good” bacteria. However, the nature of the biological mediators involved in postoperative complications is still unclear. In addition, we lack studies on patients with a normal weight. Cette « narrative review » a été réalisée dans le but d'étudier l'implication de l'high fat diet et du microbiote intestinal dans les complications postopératoires. Des études ont mis en évidence que l'inflammation, et en particulier sa non-résolution est associée à davantage de complications infectieuses et cardiovasculaires et ceci tant en chirurgie abdominale qu'en chirurgie orthopédique. Nous avons recherché dans la littérature sur PubMed s'il existait un lien entre le microbiote et les complications postopératoires via l'inflammation et ceci dans le but d'évaluer l'intérêt de la mise en place d'une étude observationnelle dans laquelle l'on modifierait le microbiote intestinal en peropératoire pour diminuer les complications postopératoires. Cependant, que le microbiote intestinal soit associé à davantage de complications postopératoires avec éventuellement comme médiateur l'inflammation, semble encore peu clair. Les études que nous avons pu lire dans le cadre de ce mémoire donnent des conclusions prometteuses quant à la recherche dans ce domaine, mais restent insuffisantes pour établir un lien solide. Dans les stratégies visant à modifier le microbiote intestinal, plusieurs études ont mis en évidence qu'un régime riche en graisse entrainait une diminution du nombre de bactéries bénéfiques pour l'homme. L'utilisation de prébiotiques , probiotiques et symbiotiques permettrait de restaurer ce taux de « bonnes » bactéries. Cependant, ces études ont été réalisées principalement chez des sujets obèses et atteints de diabète de type 2. Nous pouvons conclure que modifier le microbiote en peropératoire pour diminuer les complications postopératoires chez les patients, est prometteur. Néanmoins, la nature des médiateurs biologiques impliqués dans les complications postopératoires est encore peu claire. De plus, nous manquons d'études sur des patients ayant un poids normal.

Diet, High-Fat --- Microbiota --- Review Literature as Topic --- Postoperative Complications

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Energy metabolism at whole-body, cellular, and even organelle, i.e., mitochondrial, levels requires adequate regulation in order to maintain or improve (metabolic) health. In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are key players in energy (ATP) production via oxidative phosphorylation. Both macro- and micronutrients potentially influence energy metabolism and mitochondrial functioning, either as substrates for (oxidative) catabolism or as essential constituents of enzymes or protein complexes involved in (mitochondrial) energy metabolism. This book contains a valuable collection of empirical preclinical and human studies to assist in the development of understanding and progress this area of research on improving health and, more specifically, metabolic health.

Medicine --- insulin --- lipogenesis --- obesity --- glucose homeostasis --- adipocytes --- cortisol --- ketones --- s-IgA --- exercise --- low carbohydrate diet --- NAFLD --- omega-3 --- krill oil --- phospholipids --- high-fat diet --- C57BL/6N mice --- thermoneutral temperature --- iron deficiency --- striated skeletal muscle --- physical capacity --- fatigue --- mitochondrial metabolism --- complex I --- resting metabolic rate --- prediction equation --- ageing adults --- overweight --- adiposity-based chronic disease --- energy balance --- metabolism --- n/a

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The postprandial period is the metabolic phase that directly follows the ingestion of a meal. This period is critical to the handling of nutrients to feed the body throughout the whole day but it is also a time of challenge for the body’s metabolism, which has to be flexible and adaptable regarding the quantity and the quality of the nutrient intake. Changes in postprandial metabolism have been considered to be potential early markers in the pathophysiological course, finally leading to an increased risk of disease development. This book aimed to broaden and add to the research on the importance of postprandial metabolism in nutrition. The book includes literature reviews that cover the broad state of the art of our knowledge about postprandial metabolism, fine original studies of the complex changes in metabolism, and the physiological processes that are considered to drive the onset of pathogenesis. Finally, a series of examples on how nutrient content (especially proteins, sucrose, and lipids) can influence the postprandial metabolism over a wide range of phenomena operating during the postprandial period and how they could contribute to tipping the body towards adverse health processes.

Medicine --- peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet --- peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet

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The postprandial period is the metabolic phase that directly follows the ingestion of a meal. This period is critical to the handling of nutrients to feed the body throughout the whole day but it is also a time of challenge for the body’s metabolism, which has to be flexible and adaptable regarding the quantity and the quality of the nutrient intake. Changes in postprandial metabolism have been considered to be potential early markers in the pathophysiological course, finally leading to an increased risk of disease development. This book aimed to broaden and add to the research on the importance of postprandial metabolism in nutrition. The book includes literature reviews that cover the broad state of the art of our knowledge about postprandial metabolism, fine original studies of the complex changes in metabolism, and the physiological processes that are considered to drive the onset of pathogenesis. Finally, a series of examples on how nutrient content (especially proteins, sucrose, and lipids) can influence the postprandial metabolism over a wide range of phenomena operating during the postprandial period and how they could contribute to tipping the body towards adverse health processes.

peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- postprandial metabolism --- high fat–high sugar diet --- minipig --- adipose tissue --- biomarkers --- glucose --- human --- night --- postprandial --- wheat albumin --- energy expenditure --- fat oxidation --- respiratory quotient --- sucrose overfeeding --- hepatic steatosis --- intramyocellular lipids --- intrahepatocellular lipids --- dietary protein content --- dietary fat content --- plasma triglyceride --- liver --- gut --- obesity --- amino acid --- lactate --- nutrient flux --- short chain fatty acid --- aging --- catabolic state --- anabolic resistance --- protein synthesis --- energy bolus --- postprandial lipemia --- coconut oil --- butter --- canola oil --- olive oil --- lipid --- triglycerides --- dietary fat --- saturated fat --- cardiovascular disease --- carbohydrates --- cholesterol --- fibers --- food structure --- lipids --- polyphenols --- proteins --- vitamins --- ADMA --- arginine --- SDMA --- DMA --- PRMT --- alpha-glucosidase inhibitor --- biopeptides --- blood glucose --- glycemic control --- hyperglycemia --- milk peptides --- prediabetes --- pre-meal --- type 2 diabetes --- metabolic syndrome --- endothelial function --- oxidative stress --- nuts --- berries --- LBP --- sCD14 --- postprandial kinetics --- high-fat diet