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Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading effect of ice in its many forms and extreme seasonality of light and phytobiont productivity. Antarctica is, however, the most isolated continent on Earth and is the only one that lacks a continental shelf connection with another continent. This isolation, along with the many millions of years that these conditions have existed, has produced a fauna that is both diverse, with around 17,000 marine invertebrate species living there, and has the highest proportions of endemic species of any continent. The reasons for this are discussed. The isolation, history and unusual environmental conditions have resulted in the fauna producing a range and scale of adaptations to low temperature and seasonality that are unique. The best known such adaptations include channichthyid icefish that lack haemoglobin and transport oxygen around their bodies only in solution, or the absence, in some species, of what was only 20 years ago termed the universal heat shock response.

Marine biology. --- Oceanography. --- oceanography --- marine biology --- environment --- climate change --- climate change impacts --- Southern Ocean --- high Arctic --- ice --- seasonality --- phytobiont productivity --- Antarctica --- Antarctic fauna --- marine invertebrate species --- endemic species --- low temperature adaptations --- seasonality adaptions --- channichthyid icefish --- universal heat shock response --- gametogenic cycles --- vitellogenesis --- microtubule assembly --- locomotion --- metabolic rate --- whole-animal growth --- embryonic development --- limb regeneration --- echinoderms --- Southern Ocean fauna --- ecophysiological adaptations --- coldblooded marine species

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This book brings together a total of six papers in an interdisciplinary way at the border of natural disasters and cultural heritage. There is a need for studying and documenting cultural heritage in Arctic landscapes, as these are the most affected by climate change. Remote sensing represents a powerful tool in the monitoring, management and safeguarding of cultural heritage. Sites included in the UNESCO World Heritage List should receive more attention from both geoscientists and social scientists. Urbanization has a short- and long-lasting effect on the conservation of cultural heritage.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- cultural heritage --- frequency ratio --- AUC --- predictive modelling --- GIS --- Kvamme’s Gain --- north-eastern Romania --- coastal erosion --- shoreline --- monitoring --- geomorphological mapping --- Svalbard --- DSAS --- high Arctic --- muqarnas --- Alhambra --- graphic analysis --- drawings --- 3D laser scanner --- historical images --- UNESCO --- Spain --- erosion --- Beothuk --- GRASS --- photogrammetry --- UAV --- Newfoundland --- remote sensing --- Earth observation --- satellite imagery --- multi-temporal analysis --- urban heat island --- persistent scatterer interferometry --- long-term monitoring --- cultural heritage assessment --- Alba Iulia (Apulum) --- LiDAR --- satellite image --- aerial image --- High North

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In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been incorporated in numerous mineral exploration projects in metallogenic provinces around the world. Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors play a significant role in affording unique data for mineral exploration and environmental hazard monitoring. This book covers the advances of remote sensing data processing algorithms in mineral exploration, and the technology can be used in monitoring and decision-making in relation to environmental mining hazard. This book presents state-of-the-art approaches on recent remote sensing and GIS-based mineral prospectivity modeling, offering excellent information to professional earth scientists, researchers, mineral exploration communities and mining companies.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- Toroud–Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB) --- remote sensing --- ASTER --- hydrothermally altered zones --- polymetallic vein-type mineralization --- emissivity --- emissivity normalization method --- dolomite --- phosphorite --- relative band depth (RBD) --- Bowers Terrane --- listvenite --- hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration minerals --- damage zones --- Northern Victoria Land --- Antarctica --- multispectral and radar data --- data fusion --- gold mineralization --- Wadi Beitan–Wadi Rahaba --- structural control --- Najd Fault System --- South Eastern Desert --- Egypt --- hyperspectral --- Goldstrike --- Carlin-type --- decarbonatization --- argillization --- Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) --- Sentinel 2 --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data --- Egyptian Eastern Desert --- transpression and transtension zones --- Landsat-8 --- WorldView-3 --- the Inglefield Mobile Belt (IMB) --- copper-gold mineralization --- High Arctic regions --- epithermal gold --- hydrothermal alteration --- Ahar-Arasbaran region --- Landsat-7 ETM+ --- Bayesian Network Classifiers --- hyperspectral imaging --- drill-core --- SWIR --- mineral abundance mapping --- mineral association --- machine learning --- band ratios --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- fuzzy logic modeling --- Kashmar–Kerman tectonic zone (KKTZ) --- carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization --- Iran --- dimensionality reduction --- principal component analysis --- independent component analysis --- minimum noise fraction --- fuzzy logic --- riverbed --- metals --- electrical resistivity imaging --- tailings --- Mar Menor --- Cartagena–La Unión --- unmanned aerial systems --- multispectral --- magnetic --- geologic mapping --- drones --- UAV --- dust dispersion --- spectra --- canopy scale --- pixel scale --- mining area --- mineral exploration --- multispectral and hyperspectral data --- mining --- Toroud–Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB) --- remote sensing --- ASTER --- hydrothermally altered zones --- polymetallic vein-type mineralization --- emissivity --- emissivity normalization method --- dolomite --- phosphorite --- relative band depth (RBD) --- Bowers Terrane --- listvenite --- hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration minerals --- damage zones --- Northern Victoria Land --- Antarctica --- multispectral and radar data --- data fusion --- gold mineralization --- Wadi Beitan–Wadi Rahaba --- structural control --- Najd Fault System --- South Eastern Desert --- Egypt --- hyperspectral --- Goldstrike --- Carlin-type --- decarbonatization --- argillization --- Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) --- Sentinel 2 --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data --- Egyptian Eastern Desert --- transpression and transtension zones --- Landsat-8 --- WorldView-3 --- the Inglefield Mobile Belt (IMB) --- copper-gold mineralization --- High Arctic regions --- epithermal gold --- hydrothermal alteration --- Ahar-Arasbaran region --- Landsat-7 ETM+ --- Bayesian Network Classifiers --- hyperspectral imaging --- drill-core --- SWIR --- mineral abundance mapping --- mineral association --- machine learning --- band ratios --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- fuzzy logic modeling --- Kashmar–Kerman tectonic zone (KKTZ) --- carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization --- Iran --- dimensionality reduction --- principal component analysis --- independent component analysis --- minimum noise fraction --- fuzzy logic --- riverbed --- metals --- electrical resistivity imaging --- tailings --- Mar Menor --- Cartagena–La Unión --- unmanned aerial systems --- multispectral --- magnetic --- geologic mapping --- drones --- UAV --- dust dispersion --- spectra --- canopy scale --- pixel scale --- mining area --- mineral exploration --- multispectral and hyperspectral data --- mining

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In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been incorporated in numerous mineral exploration projects in metallogenic provinces around the world. Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors play a significant role in affording unique data for mineral exploration and environmental hazard monitoring. This book covers the advances of remote sensing data processing algorithms in mineral exploration, and the technology can be used in monitoring and decision-making in relation to environmental mining hazard. This book presents state-of-the-art approaches on recent remote sensing and GIS-based mineral prospectivity modeling, offering excellent information to professional earth scientists, researchers, mineral exploration communities and mining companies.

Toroud–Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB) --- remote sensing --- ASTER --- hydrothermally altered zones --- polymetallic vein-type mineralization --- emissivity --- emissivity normalization method --- dolomite --- phosphorite --- relative band depth (RBD) --- Bowers Terrane --- listvenite --- hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration minerals --- damage zones --- Northern Victoria Land --- Antarctica --- multispectral and radar data --- data fusion --- gold mineralization --- Wadi Beitan–Wadi Rahaba --- structural control --- Najd Fault System --- South Eastern Desert --- Egypt --- hyperspectral --- Goldstrike --- Carlin-type --- decarbonatization --- argillization --- Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) --- Sentinel 2 --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data --- Egyptian Eastern Desert --- transpression and transtension zones --- Landsat-8 --- WorldView-3 --- the Inglefield Mobile Belt (IMB) --- copper-gold mineralization --- High Arctic regions --- epithermal gold --- hydrothermal alteration --- Ahar-Arasbaran region --- Landsat-7 ETM+ --- Bayesian Network Classifiers --- hyperspectral imaging --- drill-core --- SWIR --- mineral abundance mapping --- mineral association --- machine learning --- band ratios --- principal component analysis (PCA) --- fuzzy logic modeling --- Kashmar–Kerman tectonic zone (KKTZ) --- carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization --- Iran --- dimensionality reduction --- principal component analysis --- independent component analysis --- minimum noise fraction --- fuzzy logic --- riverbed --- metals --- electrical resistivity imaging --- tailings --- Mar Menor --- Cartagena–La Unión --- unmanned aerial systems --- multispectral --- magnetic --- geologic mapping --- drones --- UAV --- dust dispersion --- spectra --- canopy scale --- pixel scale --- mining area --- mineral exploration --- multispectral and hyperspectral data --- mining