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This book collects the peer-reviewed contributions accepted for the publication in the Special Issue “Advances in In Situ Biological and Chemical Groundwater Treatment” of the MDPI journal Water. As such, the contributions refer to a variety of widespread pollutants (chlorinated ethenes, chlorinated phenols, chromium, copper, nickel, and arsenic phenols) and new remediation approaches (bioremediation, bioelectrochemical systems, and sorption), covering lab and field studies.

Research & information: general --- microplastic --- bioplastic --- chlorinated phenols --- sorption --- kinetics --- matrix effect --- arsenic --- phosphate --- competitive surface complexes --- release --- mobility --- remediation --- magnetite nanoparticles --- onion peel --- corn silk --- adsorption --- groundwater --- chlorinated solvents --- biological reductive dechlorination --- aerobic oxidation --- qPCR --- ethenotrophs --- methanotrophs --- bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) --- hexavalent chromium --- electrobioremediation --- groundwater treatment --- heavy metals --- carbon nanotubes --- adsorption mechanism --- microplastic --- bioplastic --- chlorinated phenols --- sorption --- kinetics --- matrix effect --- arsenic --- phosphate --- competitive surface complexes --- release --- mobility --- remediation --- magnetite nanoparticles --- onion peel --- corn silk --- adsorption --- groundwater --- chlorinated solvents --- biological reductive dechlorination --- aerobic oxidation --- qPCR --- ethenotrophs --- methanotrophs --- bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) --- hexavalent chromium --- electrobioremediation --- groundwater treatment --- heavy metals --- carbon nanotubes --- adsorption mechanism

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book collects the peer-reviewed contributions accepted for the publication in the Special Issue “Advances in In Situ Biological and Chemical Groundwater Treatment” of the MDPI journal Water. As such, the contributions refer to a variety of widespread pollutants (chlorinated ethenes, chlorinated phenols, chromium, copper, nickel, and arsenic phenols) and new remediation approaches (bioremediation, bioelectrochemical systems, and sorption), covering lab and field studies.

microplastic --- bioplastic --- chlorinated phenols --- sorption --- kinetics --- matrix effect --- arsenic --- phosphate --- competitive surface complexes --- release --- mobility --- remediation --- magnetite nanoparticles --- onion peel --- corn silk --- adsorption --- groundwater --- chlorinated solvents --- biological reductive dechlorination --- aerobic oxidation --- qPCR --- ethenotrophs --- methanotrophs --- bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) --- hexavalent chromium --- electrobioremediation --- groundwater treatment --- heavy metals --- carbon nanotubes --- adsorption mechanism

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The need for establishing a formal limit between the concentration of potentially toxic inorganic compounds in groundwater due to natural processes or to anthropogenic pollution has prompted researchers to develop methods to derive this boundary and define the "Natural Background Level" (NBL). NBLs can be used as screening levels to define the good chemical status of groundwater bodies, as well as to fix the remediation target in polluted sites.The book "Natural Background Levels in Groundwater" brings together a set of case studies across Europe and worldwide where the assessments and identification of this boundary are performed with different methodologies. It provides an overview of the approaches and protocols applied and tested in different states for NBL assessment, ranging from well-known methods, such as component separation or cumulative probability plot methods, to new computer-aided protocols. The main objective of this book is to bring together and discuss different methodological approaches and tools to improve the assessment of groundwater NBLs. The overview, discussion and comparison of different approaches and case histories for NBL calculation can be useful for scientists, water managers and practitioners.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- Pollution control --- ambient background values --- probability plot --- modified Lepeltier method --- pre-selection method --- LOQ --- groundwater body --- Croatia --- natural background levels --- software implementation --- parameters estimation --- statistical methods --- component separation method --- groundwater quality --- groundwater level --- geostatistics --- t-test --- spatial distribution modeling --- natural background --- conceptual model --- preselection --- nitrates --- confidence level --- arsenic --- sites under remediation --- site-specific data --- Ferrara --- trace metals --- Lanzo Massif --- ultramafic rocks --- ophiolites --- chromium --- hexavalent chromium --- nickel --- neutral mine drainage --- groundwater --- Italian guidelines --- cadmium --- copper --- zinc --- Denmark --- natural background level --- water quality --- anthropogenic pressure --- trace element --- groundwater monitoring --- ambient background values --- probability plot --- modified Lepeltier method --- pre-selection method --- LOQ --- groundwater body --- Croatia --- natural background levels --- software implementation --- parameters estimation --- statistical methods --- component separation method --- groundwater quality --- groundwater level --- geostatistics --- t-test --- spatial distribution modeling --- natural background --- conceptual model --- preselection --- nitrates --- confidence level --- arsenic --- sites under remediation --- site-specific data --- Ferrara --- trace metals --- Lanzo Massif --- ultramafic rocks --- ophiolites --- chromium --- hexavalent chromium --- nickel --- neutral mine drainage --- groundwater --- Italian guidelines --- cadmium --- copper --- zinc --- Denmark --- natural background level --- water quality --- anthropogenic pressure --- trace element --- groundwater monitoring

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The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.

hollow fiber membranes --- modeling --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- ceramic membranes --- multiphase --- antimony treatment --- winery effluents --- fouling --- municipal wastewater sludge --- particle size distribution --- ultrafiltration --- coagulation --- HA–BSA mixtures --- Sb(III) --- water treatment --- chromate --- separation --- backwash duration --- water crisis --- adsorption --- dewatering --- hexavalent chromium --- arsenic adsorption --- polydimethylsiloxane --- vacuum membrane distillation --- co-treatment --- desalination --- arsenic --- mass transfer --- produced water treatment --- membranes --- process control --- membrane resistance --- granular ferric hydroxide --- ozonation --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fibre --- crossflow membrane filtration --- microfiltration --- membrane filtration --- xDLVO theory --- Fe-based coagulants --- wastewater treatment --- cake resistance --- Sb(V) --- peroxone --- temperature --- drinking water --- trickling biofilter --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- antimony --- second cheese whey --- sodium alginate --- optical sensors --- bioethanol recovery --- membrane fouling --- interaction energy --- TMP --- adsorption kinetics --- water matrix --- multivariate statistics --- polluted waters --- natural organic matter --- operation --- solution conditions --- biofilm membrane bioreactor

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• Reference Manager
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The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.

hollow fiber membranes --- modeling --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- ceramic membranes --- multiphase --- antimony treatment --- winery effluents --- fouling --- municipal wastewater sludge --- particle size distribution --- ultrafiltration --- coagulation --- HA–BSA mixtures --- Sb(III) --- water treatment --- chromate --- separation --- backwash duration --- water crisis --- adsorption --- dewatering --- hexavalent chromium --- arsenic adsorption --- polydimethylsiloxane --- vacuum membrane distillation --- co-treatment --- desalination --- arsenic --- mass transfer --- produced water treatment --- membranes --- process control --- membrane resistance --- granular ferric hydroxide --- ozonation --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fibre --- crossflow membrane filtration --- microfiltration --- membrane filtration --- xDLVO theory --- Fe-based coagulants --- wastewater treatment --- cake resistance --- Sb(V) --- peroxone --- temperature --- drinking water --- trickling biofilter --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- antimony --- second cheese whey --- sodium alginate --- optical sensors --- bioethanol recovery --- membrane fouling --- interaction energy --- TMP --- adsorption kinetics --- water matrix --- multivariate statistics --- polluted waters --- natural organic matter --- operation --- solution conditions --- biofilm membrane bioreactor --- hollow fiber membranes --- modeling --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- ceramic membranes --- multiphase --- antimony treatment --- winery effluents --- fouling --- municipal wastewater sludge --- particle size distribution --- ultrafiltration --- coagulation --- HA–BSA mixtures --- Sb(III) --- water treatment --- chromate --- separation --- backwash duration --- water crisis --- adsorption --- dewatering --- hexavalent chromium --- arsenic adsorption --- polydimethylsiloxane --- vacuum membrane distillation --- co-treatment --- desalination --- arsenic --- mass transfer --- produced water treatment --- membranes --- process control --- membrane resistance --- granular ferric hydroxide --- ozonation --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fibre --- crossflow membrane filtration --- microfiltration --- membrane filtration --- xDLVO theory --- Fe-based coagulants --- wastewater treatment --- cake resistance --- Sb(V) --- peroxone --- temperature --- drinking water --- trickling biofilter --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- antimony --- second cheese whey --- sodium alginate --- optical sensors --- bioethanol recovery --- membrane fouling --- interaction energy --- TMP --- adsorption kinetics --- water matrix --- multivariate statistics --- polluted waters --- natural organic matter --- operation --- solution conditions --- biofilm membrane bioreactor