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The papers reported here will contribute to proposing new insights into the mechanisms of several conditions, as well as suggesting new diagnostic alternatives and therapeutic targets in widespread pathologies such inflammation and inflammatory-based diseases. The discovery of the new is, as always, anchored in recourse to the old.

toxicity --- long-lasting effect --- iso-?-acids --- ammonium glycyrrhizinate --- metabolomics --- cytokines --- Alnus sibirica --- energy metabolism --- curcumin --- antineuroinflammation --- nitric oxide --- antioxidant --- nutraceutical food --- liver --- nardochinoid B --- endometriosis --- adipose tissue --- Nardostachys chinensis --- tau --- macrophage --- nociception --- heme oxygenase-1 --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- IL-6 --- nuciferine --- docking --- chronic nonbacterial prostatitis --- black tea polyphenol --- network pharmacology --- Tagetes patula L. --- SEM --- lipopolysaccharide --- solid lipid nanoparticle --- tauopathy --- memory --- lupane-type triterpene --- acute lung injury --- inducible nitric oxide synthase --- inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- microglia --- resveratrol --- theaflavins --- hirsutanonol --- short-term high-fat diet --- inflammatory disease --- juçara --- oregonin --- PPARs --- NF-?B --- neuroprotection --- Portulaca oleracea --- TNF-? --- depression

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Our common knowledge on oxidative stress has evolved substantially over the years and has been mostly focused on the fundamental chemical reactions and the most relevant chemical species involved in the human pathophysiology of oxidative stress-associated diseases. Thus, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) were identified as the key players initiating, mediating, and regulating the cellular and biochemical complexity of oxidative stress either as physiological (acting pro-hormetic) or as pathogenic (causing destructive vicious circle) process. The papers published in this particular Special Issue of the Cells demonstrate the impressive pathophysiological relevance of ROS and RNS in a range of contexts, including the relevance of second messengers of free radicals like 4-hydroxynonenal, allowing us to assume that even more detailed mechanisms of their positive and negative effects lie in wait, and should assist in better monitoring of the major modern diseases and the development of advanced integrative biomedicine treatments.

toxicity --- toll-like receptors --- acrolein --- hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials --- LC-MS/MS --- blood–brain barrier --- NADPH-oxidase --- human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells --- NRF2-NQO1 axis --- granulocytes --- free radicals --- antioxidant --- plaque vulnerability --- bEnd.3 --- relaxation --- Ca2+ --- keratinocytes --- oxidative metabolism of the cells --- lipid peroxidation --- intermittent hypoxia --- osteoblast growth --- UV radiation --- ROS --- bEnd5 --- cyclopurines --- NF?B --- glucose deprivation --- antimicrobial --- endothelial cells --- 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) --- histamine --- glutamine deprivation --- optical coherence tomography --- antioxidants --- DNA damage --- glutathione --- NQO1 transcript variants --- xeroderma pigmentosum --- cancer cells --- VAS2870 --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- TP53 mutation --- DNA and RNA polymerases --- viability --- oxidative burst --- macrophages --- inflammation --- Nrf2 --- von Willebrand factor --- reactive oxygen species --- growth control --- intracellular signaling --- MFN2 --- nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 --- fusion/fission --- IMR-90 --- calcium --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- pathophysiology of oxidative stress --- redox balance --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- cannabidiol --- oxidative homeostasis --- rs1800566 --- neuronal cell death --- heme-oxygenase-1 --- vitamins --- cell signaling --- TRPM2 channel --- aorta --- cancer --- growth --- cancer regression --- oxidative stress --- nucleotide excision repair

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This book “Oxidative Stress Modulators and Functional Foods” is focused on the antioxidant role of natural products, involving their ability to modulate oxidative stress and/or reverse disease studied both in vitro and in animal models. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of these actions and the modulation of signalling pathways related to inflammation, apoptosis, and survival response in the redox system by natural products are included.

high sugar-fat diet --- obesity --- β-adrenergic system --- cardiac dysfunction --- lycopene --- tomato-oleoresin --- coumarin --- pteryxin --- HO-1 --- Nrf2 --- oxidative stress --- Peucedanum japonicum Thunb --- RAW264.7 cells --- polysaccharide --- jujube pomace --- structural analysis --- antioxidant activity --- epigallocatechin-gallate --- liposomes --- diabetes mellitus --- antioxidant --- dendrimer --- electronic effect --- hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) --- single electron transfer-proton transfer (SET-PT) --- sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) --- DPPH --- ultraviolet B --- gradient ethanol precipitation --- fucoidan --- HaCaT keratinocyte --- heme oxygenase-1 --- nutricosmetic --- folic acid --- nitric oxide --- neural tube defects --- NOR3 --- ESR --- LC/MS --- Benzo[a]pyrene --- myricetin --- BPDE-DNA adduct --- phase detoxifying enzyme --- Quamoclit angulata --- type 2 diabetes --- kidney damage --- inflammation --- apoptosis --- fibrosis --- Sargassum horneri --- (–)-loliolide --- fine dust --- HaCaT --- bilberry --- lingonberry --- polyphenols --- antioxidant compounds --- antimicrobial activity --- antimutagenicity --- altitude variations --- mitochondria --- neurodegeneration --- nutrient --- QM-ORSA --- antioxidative mechanisms --- reaction rate constants --- physiological conditions --- zebrafish embryo --- in vivo model --- antioxidant effect --- cudratrixanthone O --- reactive oxygen species --- nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2-like factor 2 --- hemeoxygenase-1 --- n/a --- (-)-loliolide

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Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- green tea extract --- food processing --- tannase --- ultrasound --- antioxidant activity --- liver injury --- acclimatisation --- antioxidant defences --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- in vitro culture --- peroxidase --- stevia plants --- 7S basic globulins --- anti-inflammatory protein --- antioxidant protein --- cytokines --- glutathione --- iNOS --- nitric oxide --- oxidative stress --- sweet lupins group --- home-cooking --- extra virgin olive oil --- UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS --- healthy cooking --- Mediterranean diet --- phenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- functional pasta --- gluten-free pasta --- bioaccessibility --- bioavailability --- whole grain --- composite flour --- legumes --- food by-products --- avocados (Persea americana Mill.) --- low temperatures --- plastochromanol-8 --- tocotrienols --- tocopherols --- tocochromanols --- kombucha --- tea --- fermentation --- antioxidant --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- ascorbic acid --- chlorophyll and carotenoid content --- biodiversity --- Capsicum annuum L. --- β-carotene --- statistical analysis --- rye bread --- microencapsulation --- phenolics --- in vitro relative bioaccessibility --- lipoxygenase --- cyclooxygenase --- acetylcholinesterase --- biological activity --- lycopene --- antioxidants --- cancer --- diabetes --- cardiovascular diseases --- skin disorders --- free radicals --- spectrophotometer --- limitations --- chemical reactions --- colorimetry --- anthraquinone --- free radical scavenging --- inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- Rumex crispus --- skins --- seeds --- Vitis vinifera --- cyclic voltammetry --- anthocyanin metabolites --- cardioprotection --- hepatoprotection --- nephroprotection --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant peptides --- element of pork carcasses --- spectrometric analysis --- ascorbate --- ascorbate-glutathione cycle --- capsaicin --- catalase --- dihydrocapsaicin --- NADP-dehydrogenases --- superoxide dismutase --- red cabbage --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- acid-resistant capsule --- UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS --- apples --- reducing and chelating capacity --- HPLC-DAD-MS/MS --- Dillenia indica --- heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- RAW 264.7 cells --- apo-carotenals --- bone --- osteoclasts --- NFκB --- synergy --- green tea extract --- food processing --- tannase --- ultrasound --- antioxidant activity --- liver injury --- acclimatisation --- antioxidant defences --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- in vitro culture --- peroxidase --- stevia plants --- 7S basic globulins --- anti-inflammatory protein --- antioxidant protein --- cytokines --- glutathione --- iNOS --- nitric oxide --- oxidative stress --- sweet lupins group --- home-cooking --- extra virgin olive oil --- UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS --- healthy cooking --- Mediterranean diet --- phenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- functional pasta --- gluten-free pasta --- bioaccessibility --- bioavailability --- whole grain --- composite flour --- legumes --- food by-products --- avocados (Persea americana Mill.) --- low temperatures --- plastochromanol-8 --- tocotrienols --- tocopherols --- tocochromanols --- kombucha --- tea --- fermentation --- antioxidant --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- ascorbic acid --- chlorophyll and carotenoid content --- biodiversity --- Capsicum annuum L. --- β-carotene --- statistical analysis --- rye bread --- microencapsulation --- phenolics --- in vitro relative bioaccessibility --- lipoxygenase --- cyclooxygenase --- acetylcholinesterase --- biological activity --- lycopene --- antioxidants --- cancer --- diabetes --- cardiovascular diseases --- skin disorders --- free radicals --- spectrophotometer --- limitations --- chemical reactions --- colorimetry --- anthraquinone --- free radical scavenging --- inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- Rumex crispus --- skins --- seeds --- Vitis vinifera --- cyclic voltammetry --- anthocyanin metabolites --- cardioprotection --- hepatoprotection --- nephroprotection --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant peptides --- element of pork carcasses --- spectrometric analysis --- ascorbate --- ascorbate-glutathione cycle --- capsaicin --- catalase --- dihydrocapsaicin --- NADP-dehydrogenases --- superoxide dismutase --- red cabbage --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- acid-resistant capsule --- UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS --- apples --- reducing and chelating capacity --- HPLC-DAD-MS/MS --- Dillenia indica --- heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- RAW 264.7 cells --- apo-carotenals --- bone --- osteoclasts --- NFκB --- synergy

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Carotenoids represent a large group of isoprenoid structures with many different structural characteristics and biological activities. They are the most important of the naturally occurring pigments and are responsible for the various colors of different fruits, vegetables, and plant parts. Marine carotenoids and their unique structures are responsible for the color of many fish, shellfish, and algae. However, while there have been many papers and reviews on carotenoids of terrestrial origin, there has been relatively little research conducted on the impact of marine carotenoids on human health. Recent research efforts have revealed that marine carotenoids have strong biological activity affecting human health and are candidates for nutraceuticals. This Topical Collection of Marine Drugs is dedicated to marine carotenoids, and will focus on the benefits of carotenoids for human beings. For a better understanding of the physiological effects of marine carotenoids, this collection should include the most recent developments in the presence, analysis, chemistry, and biochemistry of marine carotenoids.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- fucoxanthin --- scopolamine --- acetylcholinesterase --- Alzheimer’s disease --- cognitive impairments --- mytiloxanthin --- anti-oxidative activity --- singlet oxygen --- hydroxyl radical --- lipid peroxidation --- astaxanthin production --- carotenoids --- genome-reduced Corynebacterium glutamicum --- systematic approach --- metabolic engineering --- marine microalgae --- seaweeds --- nonconventional extraction --- electrotechnologies --- pulsed electric field-assisted extraction --- supercritical fluid extraction --- green processing --- microwave-assisted extraction --- marine drugs --- Bangia fuscopurpurea --- red algae --- lycopene cyclase --- carotenoid --- metabolism --- astaxanthin --- Escherichia coli --- β-carotene ketolase --- β-carotene hydroxylase --- Haematococcus pluvialis --- PII signaling protein --- nitrogen starvation --- gene cloning --- mRNA expression --- microalgae --- anti-angiogenic --- cardioprotective activity --- anti-cancer --- anti-diabetic --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-obesity --- anti-oxidant --- beauty --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- spectrophotometry --- high through-put screening --- antioxidants --- bioactive compounds --- blue biotechnology --- marine microorganisms --- ozonolysis --- apo-fucoxanthinone --- Caco-2 --- antiproliferative effect --- Pyropia yezoensis --- α-cryptoxanthin --- zeinoxanthin --- lutein-5,6-epoxide --- antheraxanthin --- carotenoid synthesis pathway --- red seaweed --- human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) --- astaxanthin (Asta) --- acrosome reaction --- cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) --- L1 protein --- cigarette smoke exposure --- p38 MAPK --- antioxidant inflammatory --- synaptic-associated plasticity --- comparative transcriptome analyses --- alcoholic liver disease --- bioinformatic analysis --- phytoene --- fluridone --- cosmeceuticals --- anti-obesity effect --- Phaeodactylum extract --- Coelastrum --- canthaxanthin --- lutein --- nanoemulsion --- sublingual delivery --- ascorbyl palmitate --- Franz cell --- alcoholic liver injury --- oxidative stress --- Nrf2 --- TLR4 --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 --- heme oxygenase-1 --- siphonaxanthin --- dehydro-metabolite --- white adipose tissue --- metabolic pathway in vivo --- stereochemistry --- Tigriopus --- copepod --- meso-zeaxanthin --- zeaxanthin --- reactive oxygen species --- immune system --- antioxidant --- antibiotics --- thermal stress --- disease --- halocynthiaxanthin --- intestinal absorption --- functional food --- apoptosis --- inflammation --- lipid metabolism --- high-fat diet