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The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration—heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources’ supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal’s Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)”. This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
Research & information: general --- particulate matter --- fine particles --- combustion particles --- nucleation --- particle growth --- data envelopment analysis --- energy efficiency --- food loss and waste --- life-cycle assessment --- welding residual stress --- welding deflection --- T-joint fillet weld --- preheat temperature --- interpass time --- finite element analysis --- water desalination --- water supply --- water shortage --- energy demand --- environmental impacts --- specific energy consumption --- cryogenic energy storage --- air liquefaction --- exergy analysis --- economic analysis --- exergoeconomic analysis --- heat exchanger network --- structural controllability --- structural observability --- operability --- network science --- sensor and actuator placement --- simplified methods --- design procedure --- convection section --- radiant section --- flow distribution --- heat flux distribution --- boiler --- solar collector network --- minimum number of solar collectors --- maximum operating time --- flexible operation --- district heating --- heat accumulation --- pipe --- numerical model --- Modelica language --- Julia language --- performance --- off-grid polygeneration --- micro-hydropower plant --- fuzzy optimization --- mixed-integer linear programming --- dual-turbine --- multi-objective --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- synthesis --- optimization --- direct heat integration --- indirect heat integration --- piping --- pumping --- impinging jet --- dimple --- Nusselt number --- heat transfer --- heat exchanger --- flow boiling --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- flow pattern --- total site heat integration --- heat recovery loop (HRL) --- heat storage --- Monte Carlo (MC) simulation --- data farming --- gasification --- biomass --- total solid particle --- trigeneration system --- process integration --- pinch analysis --- co-generation --- storage system --- trigeneration system cascade analysis --- energy conservation --- latent heat thermal energy storage --- phase change materials --- passive cooling --- bio-adsorbents --- chitosan microbeads --- nanoparticles --- anaerobic digestion --- biowaste --- life cycle assessment --- smart city --- waste collection --- P-Graph framework --- process network synthesis --- multi-periodic model --- sustainability --- co-firing --- wheat straw --- softwood --- bog peat --- pellets --- thermal decomposition --- combustion --- DC electric field --- computational fluid dynamics --- temperature contour --- cooling system --- mathematical optimization --- machine learning --- flexible control technology --- biomass co-firing --- biomass quality --- network optimization --- goal programming --- mixed integer nonlinear programming --- renewable energy sources --- energy-saving technologies
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The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration—heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources’ supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal’s Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)”. This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
particulate matter --- fine particles --- combustion particles --- nucleation --- particle growth --- data envelopment analysis --- energy efficiency --- food loss and waste --- life-cycle assessment --- welding residual stress --- welding deflection --- T-joint fillet weld --- preheat temperature --- interpass time --- finite element analysis --- water desalination --- water supply --- water shortage --- energy demand --- environmental impacts --- specific energy consumption --- cryogenic energy storage --- air liquefaction --- exergy analysis --- economic analysis --- exergoeconomic analysis --- heat exchanger network --- structural controllability --- structural observability --- operability --- network science --- sensor and actuator placement --- simplified methods --- design procedure --- convection section --- radiant section --- flow distribution --- heat flux distribution --- boiler --- solar collector network --- minimum number of solar collectors --- maximum operating time --- flexible operation --- district heating --- heat accumulation --- pipe --- numerical model --- Modelica language --- Julia language --- performance --- off-grid polygeneration --- micro-hydropower plant --- fuzzy optimization --- mixed-integer linear programming --- dual-turbine --- multi-objective --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- synthesis --- optimization --- direct heat integration --- indirect heat integration --- piping --- pumping --- impinging jet --- dimple --- Nusselt number --- heat transfer --- heat exchanger --- flow boiling --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- flow pattern --- total site heat integration --- heat recovery loop (HRL) --- heat storage --- Monte Carlo (MC) simulation --- data farming --- gasification --- biomass --- total solid particle --- trigeneration system --- process integration --- pinch analysis --- co-generation --- storage system --- trigeneration system cascade analysis --- energy conservation --- latent heat thermal energy storage --- phase change materials --- passive cooling --- bio-adsorbents --- chitosan microbeads --- nanoparticles --- anaerobic digestion --- biowaste --- life cycle assessment --- smart city --- waste collection --- P-Graph framework --- process network synthesis --- multi-periodic model --- sustainability --- co-firing --- wheat straw --- softwood --- bog peat --- pellets --- thermal decomposition --- combustion --- DC electric field --- computational fluid dynamics --- temperature contour --- cooling system --- mathematical optimization --- machine learning --- flexible control technology --- biomass co-firing --- biomass quality --- network optimization --- goal programming --- mixed integer nonlinear programming --- renewable energy sources --- energy-saving technologies
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The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration—heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources’ supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal’s Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled “Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)”. This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
Research & information: general --- particulate matter --- fine particles --- combustion particles --- nucleation --- particle growth --- data envelopment analysis --- energy efficiency --- food loss and waste --- life-cycle assessment --- welding residual stress --- welding deflection --- T-joint fillet weld --- preheat temperature --- interpass time --- finite element analysis --- water desalination --- water supply --- water shortage --- energy demand --- environmental impacts --- specific energy consumption --- cryogenic energy storage --- air liquefaction --- exergy analysis --- economic analysis --- exergoeconomic analysis --- heat exchanger network --- structural controllability --- structural observability --- operability --- network science --- sensor and actuator placement --- simplified methods --- design procedure --- convection section --- radiant section --- flow distribution --- heat flux distribution --- boiler --- solar collector network --- minimum number of solar collectors --- maximum operating time --- flexible operation --- district heating --- heat accumulation --- pipe --- numerical model --- Modelica language --- Julia language --- performance --- off-grid polygeneration --- micro-hydropower plant --- fuzzy optimization --- mixed-integer linear programming --- dual-turbine --- multi-objective --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- synthesis --- optimization --- direct heat integration --- indirect heat integration --- piping --- pumping --- impinging jet --- dimple --- Nusselt number --- heat transfer --- heat exchanger --- flow boiling --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- flow pattern --- total site heat integration --- heat recovery loop (HRL) --- heat storage --- Monte Carlo (MC) simulation --- data farming --- gasification --- biomass --- total solid particle --- trigeneration system --- process integration --- pinch analysis --- co-generation --- storage system --- trigeneration system cascade analysis --- energy conservation --- latent heat thermal energy storage --- phase change materials --- passive cooling --- bio-adsorbents --- chitosan microbeads --- nanoparticles --- anaerobic digestion --- biowaste --- life cycle assessment --- smart city --- waste collection --- P-Graph framework --- process network synthesis --- multi-periodic model --- sustainability --- co-firing --- wheat straw --- softwood --- bog peat --- pellets --- thermal decomposition --- combustion --- DC electric field --- computational fluid dynamics --- temperature contour --- cooling system --- mathematical optimization --- machine learning --- flexible control technology --- biomass co-firing --- biomass quality --- network optimization --- goal programming --- mixed integer nonlinear programming --- renewable energy sources --- energy-saving technologies
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Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
History of engineering & technology --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
Choose an application
Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
Choose an application
Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
Choose an application
Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
History of engineering & technology --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
Choose an application
Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- contaminated soil --- polluted soil --- thermal desorption --- thermal remediation --- energy analysis and exergy analysis --- energy saving --- heat integration --- operability --- retrofit --- oil refinery --- interviews --- heat transfer --- waste heat recovery --- dusty flue gas --- granular bed --- buried tubes --- iron and steel industry --- techno-economic pathways --- decarbonization --- CO2 emissions --- carbon abatement measures --- construction --- building --- supply chain --- roadmap --- heavy industry --- carbon abatement --- emissions reduction --- climate transition --- multi-agent cooperation --- reduced-dimension Q(λ) --- optimal carbon-energy combined-flow --- energy efficiency --- compressed air systems --- energy efficiency measures --- nonenergy benefits --- assessment factors --- industrial energy efficiency --- energy efficiency culture --- energy efficiency practices --- energy management --- cogeneration --- trigeneration --- sustainability --- tropical climate country --- biomass --- advanced exergoeconomic analysis --- spray dryer --- exergy destruction cost rate --- energy management practices --- assessment model
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Energy Systems Engineering is one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in engineering. Modeling and simulation plays a key role in Energy Systems Engineering because it is the primary basis on which energy system design, control, optimization, and analysis are based. This book contains a specially curated collection of recent research articles on the modeling and simulation of energy systems written by top experts around the world from universities and research labs, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, University of Technology Sydney, McMaster University, Queens University, Purdue University, the University of Connecticut, Technical University of Denmark, the University of Toronto, Technische Universität Berlin, Texas A&M, the University of Pennsylvania, and many more. The key research themes covered include energy systems design, control systems, flexible operations, operational strategies, and systems analysis. The addressed areas of application include electric power generation, refrigeration cycles, natural gas liquefaction, shale gas treatment, concentrated solar power, waste-to-energy systems, micro-gas turbines, carbon dioxide capture systems, energy storage, petroleum refinery unit operations, Brayton cycles, to name but a few.
FCMP --- modeling and simulation --- multiphase equilibrium --- modeling --- polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) --- dynamic simulation --- simulation --- multi-scale systems engineering --- process simulation --- cycling --- time-delay --- exergy loss --- gas path analysis --- oil and gas --- solar PV --- optimization --- second law efficiency --- auto thermal reformer --- friction factor --- optimal battery operation --- biodiesel --- energy --- time-varying operation --- efficiency --- process synthesis and design --- nonsmooth modeling --- mixture ratio --- supercritical CO2 --- dynamic optimization --- technoeconomic analysis --- work and heat integration --- compressibility factor --- multi-objective optimisation --- circulating fluidized bed boiler --- wind power --- naphtha recovery unit --- cost optimization --- recompression cycle --- hybrid Life Cycle Assessment --- post-combustion CO2 capture --- piecewise-linear function generation --- solar energy --- industrial process heat --- kriging --- statistical model --- supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) --- parabolic trough --- combined cycle --- H2O-LiBr working pair --- linearization --- process integration --- smith predictor --- process design --- analysis by synthesis --- MINLP --- methyl-oleate --- diagnostics --- offshore wind --- double-effect system --- shale gas condensate --- geothermal energy --- multi-loop control --- R123 --- waste to energy --- hybrid system --- cogeneration --- energy storage --- energy efficiency --- nonlinear mathematical programming --- superstructure --- concentrating solar thermal --- desalination --- modelling --- binary cycle --- organic Rankine cycle --- refuse derived fuel --- power plants --- WHENS --- process control --- compressor modeling --- energy systems --- PTC --- life cycle analysis --- natural gas transportation --- isentropic exponent --- top-down models --- thermal storage --- supercritical carbon dioxide --- operations --- sustainable process design --- hybrid solar --- energy management --- R245fa --- building blocks --- energy economics --- micro gas turbine --- CSP --- fuel cost minimization problem --- CST --- palladium membrane hydrogen separation --- battery degradation --- optimal control --- RK-ASPEN --- process systems engineering --- supervisory control --- absorption refrigeration --- concentrating solar power --- shale gas condensate-to-heavier liquids --- Dieng --- DMR liquefaction processes --- dynamic modeling --- Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) --- load-following --- demand response --- Indonesia
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Energy is a fundamental social need and plays an essential role in driving economic growth. The emerging economy requires the support of a reliable, affordable, and energy system with low carbon emissions and air pollutants. System design is important in facilitating sustainable development. Various works that aspire to promote sustainable system design by addressing the issues of enhancing energy and environmental performance were presented in the Special Issue (SI) of the 22nd Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES’19). The contribution can be categorised into four topics focused on modelling, simulation, optimisation, and assessment studies, on the topics of: (a) heat integration and heat transfer, (b) integrated and newly developed heat exchangers, (c) integration of renewables (d) roles in economic and environmental sustainability. This book is complemented with an editorial review, to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.
Research & information: general --- Process Integration --- heat pumps --- Joule cycle heat pump --- Pinch Analysis --- evaporation --- condensation --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- fossil-intensive industrial processes --- decarbonization technologies --- reactive absorption/adsorption CO2 capture systems --- modeling --- simulation --- and process integration --- techno-economic and environmental assessments --- improved superstructure --- HENs --- utility system --- steam heater --- MINLP --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- retrofit --- flexibility --- optimization --- critical points --- multi-period --- flow distribution --- process and power industry equipment --- finite element analysis --- waste-originated feedstock --- isomerization --- biogasoline --- benzene-free --- increased octane number --- CFD modelling --- heat treatment process --- industrial furnaces --- natural gas substitution --- syngas co-firing --- biofuel --- bioenergy --- supply chain --- Malaysia --- Indonesia --- Thailand --- interdisciplinary --- integrated assessment --- gravity-driven particle flow --- discrete element method --- heat transfer enhancement --- acrylic acid --- propylene oxidation --- multitubular reactor --- biowaste --- waste-to-energy --- composting --- fermentation --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- energy-related carbon emissions --- carbon flow --- Sankey diagrams --- structural changes --- TRO index --- energy allocation analysis --- energy system --- exergy footprint --- sustainability --- process systems engineering --- exergy accounting --- desalination --- multi-effect distillation --- multi-stage flash --- mechanical vapor compression --- reverse osmosis --- renewable energy --- waste materials --- sewage sludge --- riverbank grass --- rumen fluid --- pretreatment of waste --- determination of parameters --- biomass boilers --- fuel cell --- solar thermal --- electrode boiler --- steam systems --- food processing industry --- decarbonisation --- energy costs --- Shifted Retrofit Thermodynamic Grid Diagram (SRTGD) --- type selection --- CO2 emissions --- electricity planning --- CO2 Constrained Energy Planning (CCEP) --- approaches for CCEP --- aluminum products --- ammonia synthesis --- plate heat exchanger --- heat transfer --- multi-pass arrangement --- optimal design --- energy efficiency --- environmental sustainability --- heat integration --- economic sustainability --- optimisation and modelling tools --- Acree model --- dielectric constant --- ethanol --- impedance --- King and Queen model --- microwave heating --- binary mixtures --- NaCl --- permittivity --- water
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