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Health statistics have progressed dramatically in Australia since the 1980s when the Australian Government created the (now) Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The 12 papers in this Special Issue describe developments across a diverse range of topics, as well as providing an overview of the scope of health statistics in Australia and describing some ongoing gaps and problems. The papers will be of interest to international readers seeking to improve statistics about their health systems. Health statistics need to respect individuals’ personal information, be based on common data standards, and have adequate resourcing and committed staffing . The Australian experience provides valuable insights and examples. Australians will benefit from a comprehensive account of what has been achieved and what remains to be addressed. The papers in the Special Issue demonstrate the importance of continuing commitment to the statistical effort. Authors were chosen because of their known expertise in their respective fields.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health --- Indigenous health measurement --- life expectancy --- misleading statistics --- management use of information --- data sovereignty --- governance --- mental --- services --- pandemic --- COVID-19 --- data linkage --- Australia --- cross-jurisdiction --- dental caries --- oral health --- periodontal disease --- tooth loss --- health services --- disability --- data gaps --- disability identification --- International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) --- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) --- health statistics, disability statistics --- inequalities --- prescribing --- quality use of medicines --- medication safety --- pharmacoepidemiology --- medication data --- health outcomes --- real-world data --- real-world evidence --- mortality data --- cause of death --- coronial investigation --- continuity of care --- data --- dementia --- health --- health service use --- integration --- last year of life --- linkage --- suicide --- veterans --- welfare --- wellbeing --- general practice --- health services research --- primary health care --- health expenditure --- health expenditure projections --- disease expenditure --- health expenditure policy --- mental health --- accountability --- quality improvement --- policy development --- health statistics --- Australian health system --- health surveys --- Indigenous

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The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.

n/a --- asthma outcomes --- health insurance --- mental health --- handgrip strength --- WTC --- cognitive reserve --- disaster epidemiology --- surveillance bias --- cardiac sarcoidosis --- lung function --- lung injury --- treatment utilization --- injury --- Cox regression --- lower Manhattan residents --- chronic sinusitis --- social support --- indoor allergens sensitization --- respiratory function --- FDNY --- asthma control --- sarcoidosis --- asthma --- 9/11 impact --- physical health --- rescue/recovery workers --- chronic disease --- evidence-based treatment --- irritant(s) --- fibrosis --- unmet mental health care needs --- airway hyperreactivity --- asthma quality of life --- Short Form-12 (SF-12) --- WTC-related asthma --- longitudinal analysis --- forced oscillation --- thyroid cancer --- psychotherapy --- cognitive decline --- 9/11 disaster --- severe lung disease --- prevalence --- inflammation --- pulmonary function tests --- World Trade Center disaster --- disaster mental health --- epidemiological studies --- obstructive sleep apnea --- counseling --- sleepiness --- PTSD --- hazard function --- cleaning practices --- air pollution --- aging --- stressful life events --- airway physiology --- screening --- PTSD cluster --- latent class analysis --- retirement --- environmental health --- World Trade Center --- quality improvement --- pulmonary fibrosis --- WTC attack --- dust --- PCL score --- WTC responders --- mini asthma quality of life questionnaire --- biomarkers --- HQoL --- health-related quality of life --- Scadding stage --- 9/11 --- firefighters --- allergen exposure --- metabolic syndrome --- neuropathic symptoms --- small airway disease --- Asian Americans --- asthma morbidity --- PTSD symptom change --- WTC survivors --- trigger(s) --- World Trade Center exposure --- occupational exposure --- peripheral neuropathy --- disaster --- respiratory symptoms --- mental health treatment --- genetics --- mental health service utilization --- comorbid insomnia --- sleep-related quality of life --- World Trade Center attack --- immunoglobulin E --- mental health service use --- income loss --- paresthesia --- World Trade Center (WTC) --- fibrotic sarcoid --- depression --- post-disaster --- mental health conditions --- extrathoracic sarcoidosis --- medical imaging