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public health --- health policy --- social epidemiology --- healthcare systems --- health inequality

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Recent surveys show considerable progress in maternal and child health in Ethiopia. The improvement has been in health outcomes and health services coverage. The study examines how different groups have fared in this progress. It tracked 11 health outcome indicators and health interventions related to Millennium Development Goals 1, 4, and 5. These are stunting, underweight, wasting, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, under-five mortality, measles vaccination, full immunization, modern contraceptive use by currently married women, antenatal care visits, and skilled birth attendance. The study explores trends in inequalities by household wealth status, mothers' education, and place of residence. It is based on four Demographic and Health Surveys implemented in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2014. Trends in rate differences and rate ratios are analyzed. The study also investigates the dynamics of inequalities, using concentration curves for different years. In addition, a decomposition analysis is conducted to identify the role of proximate determinants. The study finds substantial improvements in health outcomes and health services. Although there still exists a considerable gap between the rich and the poor, the study finds some reductions in inequalities of health services. However, some of the improvements in selected health outcomes appear to be pro-rich.

Adolescent health --- Early child and childrens health --- Health inequality --- Health monitoring & evaluation --- Health systems development & reform --- Health, nutrition and population --- Maternal and child health --- Population policies

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This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- adiposity --- waist circumference --- anthropometry --- children --- socioeconomic factors --- health inequality indicators --- orphanage --- Nepal --- childhood cancer --- pediatric oncology --- nutritional status --- malnutrition --- Sahara --- lactose malabsorption --- celiac disease --- intestinal parasites --- hygiene --- diet --- health --- pulmonary disease --- forced expiratory volume --- pulmonary infection --- nutritional assessment --- screening --- underweight --- pulmonary function --- pancreatic insufficiency --- PERT --- vegetarianism --- vegetarian diets --- eating disorders --- mental health --- adolescents --- young adults --- n/a --- anorexia nervosa --- neuroimaging --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- single photon emission computed tomography --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- nutrition habits --- nutrition perceptions --- Body Mass Index (BMI) category --- overweight --- obesity --- physical activity habits --- physical activity perceptions --- Greece --- adolescent athletes --- disordered eating --- nutritional risk --- low energy availability --- female athlete triad

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This book covers a wide range of malnutrition manifestations across the globe. Malnutrition in any form has an serious, long-term impact on children’s development, health and well-being. It is an emerging public health problem that needs to be addressed through actions and policies.The Special Issue opens with an overview of global malnutrition data. It is followed by three articles on eating disorders: a systematic review of the correlation between vegetarian diets and eating disorders in adolescents and young adults, a review of the nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating, and a systematic review of the neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa.The next article is a review on the nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients at diagnosis and its correlations with treatment, clinical outcome and long-term growth and health of survivors.The need for more extensive assessment of children’ nutritional status in developing countries is explored in the next two articles: a presentation of anthropometry measurements among Nepali children living in orphanages and a report on the nutritional status, diet, and intestinal parasites in hosted Saharawi children.The next article focusses on the development of a disease-specific tool for determining malnutrition risk in pediatric and adolescent cystic fibrosis outpatients in Greece. The last two articles examine aspects of childhood obesity in two Mediterranean countries. First, sociodemographic determinants of childhood obesity in Spain are presented. The last article examines the effects of nutrition and physical activity habits and perceptions on adolescents’ Body Mass Index in Greece.We wish to thank everyone who contributed to this project, including the patients and families that participated in the studies presented in this book.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- adiposity --- waist circumference --- anthropometry --- children --- socioeconomic factors --- health inequality indicators --- orphanage --- Nepal --- childhood cancer --- pediatric oncology --- nutritional status --- malnutrition --- Sahara --- lactose malabsorption --- celiac disease --- intestinal parasites --- hygiene --- diet --- health --- pulmonary disease --- forced expiratory volume --- pulmonary infection --- nutritional assessment --- screening --- underweight --- pulmonary function --- pancreatic insufficiency --- PERT --- vegetarianism --- vegetarian diets --- eating disorders --- mental health --- adolescents --- young adults --- anorexia nervosa --- neuroimaging --- magnetic resonance imaging --- diffusion tensor imaging --- single photon emission computed tomography --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- nutrition habits --- nutrition perceptions --- Body Mass Index (BMI) category --- overweight --- obesity --- physical activity habits --- physical activity perceptions --- Greece --- adolescent athletes --- disordered eating --- nutritional risk --- low energy availability --- female athlete triad

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Chronic diseases account for a considerable part of the strain on health care systems and are burdensome for each affected individual and their families. In recent years, the concept of health literacy has been substantially elaborated on, particularly regarding the development and implementation of interventions at different levels, efforts to improve its measurement, and the role of communities and organizations. While a range of advancements are uncontested, specific challenges still revolve around, for example, a thorough application of modern practices of health literacy that focus on societal support of health literacy strengths and response to health literacy challenges; developing, testing, and evaluating strategies for organizational health literacy responsiveness; and improving the co-design, local ownership, and integration of health literacy actions and interventions in communities experiencing vulnerability and disadvantage. This Special Issue showcases research addressing these and further aspects about developing health literacy - particularly among people with chronic diseases - by which we mean advancements in health practices, organizations, and policies that create enabling environments in which people have the necessary knowledge and feel confident accessing, understanding, and using health information and services.

Public health & preventive medicine --- health literacy --- fishermen --- co-design --- Borollos lake --- health literacy questionnaire (HLQ) --- health inequality --- Ophelia (optimising health literacy and access) process --- eHealth literacy --- chronic pain --- self-efficacy --- psychological function --- health literacy-sensitive communication --- patient–professional relationship --- HL-COM --- information needs --- patient survey --- health information sources --- focus groups --- people with chronic illness --- HLS-GER 2 --- Germany --- cardiac rehabilitation --- heart attack --- empowerment --- health literacy development --- health literacy measurement --- non-native English users --- Nepal --- Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing --- university students --- validation study --- HCP --- rehabilitants --- agreement --- HLQ --- intraclass correlation (ICC) --- physicians --- physiotherapists --- social workers --- nurses --- orthopedic --- allergy prevention --- health professionals --- qualitative methods --- midwives --- inequality --- intervention development --- health literacy responsiveness --- organizational health literacy --- pregnancy --- health promotion --- decision making --- values --- implant care --- ethical aspects --- health-literacy development --- cochlear implants --- glaucoma implants --- cardiovascular implants --- n/a --- patient-professional relationship