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Vehicles, Military. --- Head-up displays.

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Aeronautical instruments --- Aeronautics --- Head-up displays --- Display systems --- Computer simulation

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Enhanced vision. --- Visibility. --- Air transportation. --- Flight crews. --- Visual flight rules. --- Flight characteristics. --- Head-up displays.

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Augmented reality --- Head-up displays --- Computer graphics --- Displays, Head-up --- Information display systems --- AR (Augmented reality) --- Computer-augmented reality --- Reality

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Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.

n/a --- aberration compensation --- holographic and volume memories --- achromatic lens --- head-up displays --- phase characterization --- holographic display --- spatial resolution --- spatial light modulator --- zoom lens --- soliton --- transmission matrix --- head-mounted displays --- diffraction --- parallel-aligned --- liquid-crystal on silicon --- phase measurement --- multimode fiber --- digital holography --- chromatic aberration --- multiorder diffractive lens --- holography --- phase accuracy --- interference --- computer generated hologram --- optical manipulation --- speckle suppression --- phase modulation --- transparent mode --- light scattering --- ferroelectric --- phase change --- liquid-crystal-on-silicon --- imaging systems --- Liquid Crystal on Silicon display --- diffractive optical element --- liquid crystals --- spatially anamorphic phenomenon --- calibration --- head-up display --- helix-free --- phase precision and stability --- kinoform --- spatial light modulators --- photopolymer --- diffractive optics --- mode division multiplexing --- liquid crystal on silicon device --- augmented reality displays --- holographic data storage --- liquid crystal spatial light modulator --- harmonic lens --- fringing field effect --- liquid crystal