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Order picking systems --- Virtual reality headsets. --- Warehouses --- Technological innovations. --- Employees --- Training of. --- Distribution centers --- Storage buildings --- Storage warehouses --- Commercial buildings --- Physical distribution of goods --- Storage facilities --- HMDs (Head-mounted displays) --- Head-mounted displays --- Headsets, Virtual reality --- VR glasses --- VR headsets --- Headgear --- Three-dimensional display systems --- Virtual reality --- Wearable technology --- Order filling systems --- Equipment and supplies

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This book presents recent research results related to various applications of computer vision methods in the widely understood contexts of automation and robotics. As the current progress of image analysis applications may be easily observed in various areas of everyday life, it becomes one of the most essential elements of development of Industry 4.0 solutions. Some of the examples, partially discussed in individual chapters, may be related to the visual navigation of mobile robots and drones, monitoring of industrial production lines, non-destructive evaluation and testing, monitoring of the IoT devices or the 3D printing process and the quality assessment of manufactured objects, video surveillance systems, and decision support in autonomous vehicles.

machine vision --- defect inspection --- image registration --- feature region --- contour point distribution --- edge gradient direction --- augmented reality --- calibration --- head mounted displays --- optical see-through display --- computer vision --- infrared pedestrian detection --- encoder-decoder --- attention --- convolutional neural network --- deep learning --- domain adaptation --- semantic segmentation --- generative adversarial networks --- convolutional neural networks --- aerial imagery --- image processing --- fertilizers --- distribution --- monitoring --- component association --- part recognition --- feature descriptor --- histogram --- feature subset selection --- industrial objects --- sorting --- k-NN algorithm --- transparent plastic granulate --- recycling --- air nozzles --- additive manufacturing --- 3D prints --- surface quality assessment --- image analysis --- combined metrics --- structural similarity --- video analysis --- visual inspection and diagnostics --- industrial and robotic vision systems

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Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) has become one of the most widespread technologies for spatial light modulation in optics and photonics applications. These reflective microdisplays are composed of a high-performance silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) backplane, which controls the light-modulating properties of the liquid crystal layer. State-of-the-art LCoS microdisplays may exhibit a very small pixel pitch (below 4 ?m), a very large number of pixels (resolutions larger than 4K), and high fill factors (larger than 90%). They modulate illumination sources covering the UV, visible, and far IR. LCoS are used not only as displays but also as polarization, amplitude, and phase-only spatial light modulators, where they achieve full phase modulation. Due to their excellent modulating properties and high degree of flexibility, they are found in all sorts of spatial light modulation applications, such as in LCOS-based display systems for augmented and virtual reality, true holographic displays, digital holography, diffractive optical elements, superresolution optical systems, beam-steering devices, holographic optical traps, and quantum optical computing. In order to fulfil the requirements in this extensive range of applications, specific models and characterization techniques are proposed. These devices may exhibit a number of degradation effects such as interpixel cross-talk and fringing field, and time flicker, which may also depend on the analog or digital backplane of the corresponding LCoS device. The use of appropriate characterization and compensation techniques is then necessary.

n/a --- aberration compensation --- holographic and volume memories --- achromatic lens --- head-up displays --- phase characterization --- holographic display --- spatial resolution --- spatial light modulator --- zoom lens --- soliton --- transmission matrix --- head-mounted displays --- diffraction --- parallel-aligned --- liquid-crystal on silicon --- phase measurement --- multimode fiber --- digital holography --- chromatic aberration --- multiorder diffractive lens --- holography --- phase accuracy --- interference --- computer generated hologram --- optical manipulation --- speckle suppression --- phase modulation --- transparent mode --- light scattering --- ferroelectric --- phase change --- liquid-crystal-on-silicon --- imaging systems --- Liquid Crystal on Silicon display --- diffractive optical element --- liquid crystals --- spatially anamorphic phenomenon --- calibration --- head-up display --- helix-free --- phase precision and stability --- kinoform --- spatial light modulators --- photopolymer --- diffractive optics --- mode division multiplexing --- liquid crystal on silicon device --- augmented reality displays --- holographic data storage --- liquid crystal spatial light modulator --- harmonic lens --- fringing field effect --- liquid crystal