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The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation --- Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation

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The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation --- n/a

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Cereal foods comprise a large variety of products that make up the main part of the diet of the world population. Despite decades of research to improve cereals and cereal food quality, worldwide research coordination is now required due to market needs, processing, and climate change. Cereals and cereal foods are an important source of energy (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat), and offer a range of non-nutrient bioactive components (i.e., vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals) that provide different grades of health benefits. The main challenges for the near future include the exploration, valorization, and improvement of genetic variation for nutrients and bioactive food components; the use and implementation of biotechnological, preprocessing, and processing strategies to improve content; and the evaluation of health properties for health claims.

coix seed --- Monascus purpureus --- antioxidant --- fermentation --- HEp2 --- buckwheat --- dehulling --- germination --- LC-MS --- free phenolic --- bound phenolic --- antioxidant activity --- sorghum --- phenolic compounds --- cell growth inhibition --- cell cycle analysis --- apoptosis --- HepG2 --- Caco-2 --- wheat --- nutrients --- celiac disease --- wheat allergy --- non-celiac wheat/gluten sensitivity --- durum wheat --- milling fractions --- air-classification plant --- micronization plant --- sorghum phenolics --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-proliferative --- anti-diabetic --- anti-atherogenic --- Triticum aestivum L. --- Triticum durum Desf. --- gluten --- breadmaking --- durum grains --- genetic variability --- heritability --- climate constraints --- yield performance --- air-classified fractions --- alveographic properties --- antioxidants --- starch --- ATI --- glutenins --- gluten strength --- grain protein content --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- milling methods --- dietary fiber --- phenolic acid --- steamed bread --- leavened pancake --- multiple linear regression (MLR) --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- milled rice --- enzymes --- air classification --- inorganic contaminants --- organic contaminants --- arsenic --- mycotoxins --- maize inbred lines --- nutritional value --- protein quality --- n/a

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This book constitutes the post-proceedings of the DIMACS/RECOMB Satellite Workshop on Computational Methods for SNPs and Haplotype Inference held in Piscataway, NJ, USA, in November 2002. The book presents ten revised full papers as well as abstracts of the remaining workshop papers. All relevant current issues in computational methods for SNP and haplotype analysis and their applications to disease associations are addressed.

Molecular genetics --- Nucleotide sequence --- Medical genetics --- Computational biology --- Polymorphism, Genetic --- Biology --- Genotype --- Genetic Variation --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Genetic Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide --- Haplotypes --- Computational Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Mathematics --- Nucleotide sequence. --- Medical genetics. --- Computational biology. --- Mathematics. --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Analysis, Nucleic acid sequence --- Analysis, Nucleotide sequence --- Base sequence (Nucleic acids) --- DNA sequence --- Nucleic acid sequence analysis --- Nucleotide sequence analysis --- RNA sequence --- Sequence, Nucleotide --- Genetic aspects --- Life sciences. --- Human genetics. --- Algorithms. --- Computer science --- Mathematical statistics. --- Database management. --- Biochemistry. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Algorithm Analysis and Problem Complexity. --- Human Genetics. --- Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science. --- Probability and Statistics in Computer Science. --- Database Management. --- Bioinformatics --- Nucleic acids --- Nucleotides --- Sequence alignment (Bioinformatics) --- Molecular biology --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Analysis --- Computer software. --- Computational complexity. --- Computer science. --- Data base management --- Data services (Database management) --- Database management services --- DBMS (Computer science) --- Generalized data management systems --- Services, Database management --- Systems, Database management --- Systems, Generalized database management --- Electronic data processing --- Informatics --- Science --- Complexity, Computational --- Machine theory --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Software, Computer --- Computer systems --- Composition --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Probabilities --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Algorism --- Algebra --- Arithmetic --- Statistical methods --- Foundations

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In the 1980's, a research team led by Parisian scientists identified several unique DNA sequences, or haplotypes, linked to sickle cell anemia in African populations. After casual observations of how patients managed this painful blood disorder, the researchers in question postulated that the Senegalese type was less severe. The Enculturated Gene traces how this genetic discourse has blotted from view the roles that Senegalese patients and doctors have played in making sickle cell ""mild"" in a social setting where public health priorities and economic austerity programs have forced people to

Kinship --- Genetic disorders --- Sickle cell anemia --- Ethnology --- Clans --- Consanguinity --- Families --- Kin recognition --- Congenital diseases --- Disorders, Genetic --- Disorders, Inherited --- Genetic diseases --- Hereditary diseases --- Inherited diseases --- Diseases --- Medical genetics --- Drepanocytic anemia --- Meniscocytosis --- Sickle cell disease --- Blood hyperviscosity syndrome --- Hemoglobinopathy --- Hemolytic anemia --- Health aspects --- Social aspects --- Patients --- Services for --- Genetic aspects. --- Africa. --- African anthropology. --- African genetics. --- African sicklers. --- Albert Royer Children's Hospital. --- CNTS. --- Centre nationale de transfusion sanguine. --- DNA haplotypes. --- DNA sequences. --- HbAS. --- International Organization for the Fight against Sickle Cell. --- National Blood Transfusion Center. --- OILD. --- RFLP. --- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. --- Senegal. --- Senegalese attitudes. --- Senegalese sickle cell. --- alternative care. --- biological expressions. --- biosocial politics. --- culture. --- disease experiences. --- disease expression. --- economic austerity. --- economically triaged care. --- ethnic population purity. --- fagara. --- genetic difference. --- genetic sequence. --- geneticists. --- global health problems. --- global health. --- healing practices. --- health intervention. --- health. --- healthy sicklers. --- heterozygous sickle cell. --- low-tech strategy. --- multilateral institutions. --- normalization techniques. --- patient advocacy. --- political apathy. --- population. --- public health. --- public neglect. --- self-care. --- sickle cell DNA markers. --- sickle cell anemia. --- sickle cell gene. --- sickle cell research. --- sickle cell trait. --- sicklers. --- social networks. --- traditional plants. --- vitality.