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Book
Extremophiles
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 9783110788488 3110788489 Year: 2022 Publisher: Berlin Boston

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Abstract

This book covers the latest development in the biotechnological application of extremophiles. Along with this the impact of climate change and environmental pollution on loss of diversity of extremophiles is also discussed. This is crucial as the loss of this diversity is related with the loss of many bioactive compounds and bacteria of ecological importance.


Dissertation
Impact de l'introduction de poissons rouges (Carassius auratus) sur des populations dimorphiques de tritons palmés (Lissotriton helveticus) vivant dans des mares du Larzac (France)
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2016 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Les populations d’amphibiens sont fortement en déclin mondialement. En plus d’un déclin au niveau des espèces, il y a une perte de la diversité intraspécifique. C’est le cas pour la pédomorphose facultative chez les urodèles. La pédomorphose facultative est un polyphénisme où des individus, les pédomorphes, gardent certains caractères larvaires à l’âge adulte, contrairement aux métamorphes qui se métamorphosent et acquièrent des caractères adaptés à la vie terrestre. Une des raisons expliquant l’existence et le maintien de la pédomorphose facultative est le partage des ressources entre les deux phénotypes. Les populations contenant des pédomorphes se font de plus en plus rares, et l’une des causes est l’introduction d’espèces exotiques dans l’habitat aquatique. Les pédomorphes disparaissent systématiquement des habitats où sont introduits des poissons tandis que les métamorphes subsistent parfois. Le but de ce mémoire était d’étudier l’impact de l’introduction du poisson rouge Carassius auratus sur les populations dimorphiques de tritons palmés Lissotriton helveticus vivant dans des mares au Larzac (France), et d’essayer de comprendre pourquoi les pédomorphes sont plus menacés.
L’hypothèse générale était que les poissons modifient la structure de l’habitat et diminuent la richesse spécifique des invertébrés des mares nécessaires à l’alimentation des tritons. L’abondance et la diversité des invertébrés présents dans quatre mares dépourvues de poissons et quatre mares contenant des poissons ont été comparées, ainsi que la structure de leur habitat. Les mares contenant des poissons ne contenaient plus de tritons. L’évolution des communautés d’une mare avant et après l’introduction de poissons a également été suivie.
Afin de savoir si le partage des ressources existant entre les métamorphes et pédomorphes était modifié par la présence de poissons, ce qui pourrait être néfaste aux pédomorphes, le régime alimentaire des métamorphes et des pédomorphes a été comparé dans une mare avant et quelques mois après l’introduction de poissons. Le régime alimentaire des tritons métamorphes et pédomorphes de deux mares dépourvues de poissons a également été comparé.
La diversité et l’abondance des macro-invertébrés étaient nettement diminuées dans les mares à poissons. La végétation aquatique était absente de ces mares et l’eau, plus trouble, était de couleur verdâtre. Au niveau du zooplancton, les Daphniidae, abondants dans les mares dépourvues de poissons, avaient été remplacés par des Chydoridae dans plusieurs mares à poissons. Dans la mare où des poissons avaient été récemment introduits, l’abondance de plusieurs taxons avait significativement diminué et un taxon relativement abondant avant l’introduction avait disparu. Le régime alimentaire des tritons dimorphiques était significativement différent pour les mares dépourvues de poissons tandis qu’il ne l’était pas dans la mare où des poissons avaient récemment été introduits.
Ainsi, il semble que les tritons disparaissent des mares où C. auratus est introduit, notamment parce qu’il provoque une forte diminution des ressources trophiques nécessaires aux tritons. La disparition de la végétation y joue un rôle important. Dans les premiers temps de l’introduction, il est possible que l’introduction des poissons perturbe l’équilibre trophique et diminue le partage des ressources entre les tritons palmés dimorphiques, ce qui serait défavorable aux pédomorphes. Des mesures contre l’introduction de poissons devraient être prises, en particulier dans les zones contenant des pédomorphes. Les poissons introduits devraient également être retirés afin de permettre la résilience des tritons palmés.


Book
The Invaders : How Humans and Their Dogs Drove Neanderthals to Extinction
Author:
ISBN: 0674425405 0674425383 9780674425385 9780674736764 9780674425408 0674736761 9780674736764 9780674425392 Year: 2015 Publisher: Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press,

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Humans domesticated dogs soon after Neanderthals began to disappear. This alliance between two predator species, Pat Shipman hypothesizes, made possible unprecedented success in hunting large Ice Age mammals—a distinct and ultimately decisive advantage for human invaders at a time when climate change made both humans and Neanderthals vulnerable.

Keywords

Human beings --- Human evolution. --- Neanderthals. --- Dogs --- Human-animal relationships --- Predation (Biology) --- Communities, Predator-prey --- Dynamics, Predator-prey --- Interactions, Predator-prey --- Predator-prey communities --- Predator-prey dynamics --- Predator-prey interactions --- Predator-prey relations --- Predator-prey relationships --- Predator-prey systems --- Predators and prey --- Predatory behavior (Biology) --- Predatory-prey relationships --- Prey and predators --- Prey-predator relationships --- Preying (Biology) --- Relations, Predator-prey --- Relationships, Predator-prey --- Systems, Predator-prey --- Animal ecology --- Animals --- Parasitism --- Canis canis --- Canis domesticus --- Canis familiarus --- Canis familiarus domesticus --- Canis lupus familiaris --- Dog --- Domestic dog --- Domestic animals --- Gray wolf --- Homo mousteriensis --- Homo neanderthalensis --- Homo primogenicus --- Homo sapiens neanderthalensis --- Neandertalers --- Neandertals --- Neanderthal race --- Neanderthalers --- Fossil hominids --- Evolution (Biology) --- Physical anthropology --- Evolutionary psychology --- Human geography --- Migrations of nations --- Antiquity of human beings --- Origin of human beings --- Human evolution --- Origin. --- Migrations. --- Evolution. --- History. --- Food --- Origin --- adaptation. --- dna. --- domestication animals. --- habitat destruction. --- hominin. --- how neanderthals died out. --- human canine bond. --- hunter gatherer. --- indigenous species. --- interbreeding. --- introgression. --- mans best friend. --- paleolithic. --- pleistocene. --- sapiens. --- survival. --- weapons. --- why did humans domesticate dogs. --- woolly mammoth.


Book
The world the plague made : the Black Death and the rise of Europe
Author:
ISBN: 9780691215662 0691215669 9780691222875 0691222878 Year: 2022 Publisher: Princeton : Princeton University Press,

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In 1346, Europe and its neighbours were beset by a terrible plague. In proportion to population, it may have been the most lethal catastrophe in human history. A sudden halving of the population that would not recover for centuries. It came to be called 'The Black Death' and it marked the onset of Western Europe's global expansion. This startling paradox is central to Plaguing History, offering as it does a new two-word answer to an old two-word question: Why Europe? Y. Pestis. The Black Death not only halved populations, but also doubled the average per capita endowment of everything. For the first time in history large proportions of Europe's population had a disposable income. Demand for goods - silks, sugar, spices, furs, gold - grew. So too for slaves. Europe expanded across the globe to satisfy such demands. But as well as providing the motives for expansion, plague added the means. Labour scarcity drove a turn towards more use of water-power, wind-power and gunpowder. Innumerable technologies - water-powered blast furnaces, the Atlantic sailing ship, musketry, eye-glasses - were 'pressure-cooked' into existence or improvement by the consequences of plague. If plague had this effect in Europe, why not in the Middle East too, which also suffered from the Black Death pandemic? This books answer is that it did: Ottoman and Safavid empires also flourished in the wake of plague. Morocco, Oman, and the Iran-based Mughals established colonial empires, at a distance from their metropolises, just like those of Europe. Plague-boosted European expansion was actually West Eurasian, and entangled with still other peoples, notably the Chinese, to reconfigure global history. In this book, James Belich of Oxford aims to deliver a new type of global history, one that ranges economic, ecological, bio-technological and cultural questions alongside one another to better understand the transformative connectivity of globalization. --

Keywords

Black Death. --- 476-1492. --- Europe --- Europe. --- History --- History of Europe --- anno 1300-1399 --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Epidemics --- Medicine, Medieval --- Plague --- Peste noire. --- 476-1492 --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Abolitionism. --- Adultery. --- Amor Vincit Omnia (Caravaggio). --- Antonine Plague. --- Black rat. --- Bribery. --- Bruges. --- Bubonic plague. --- Burnt Norton. --- Child mortality. --- Cinque Ports. --- Civil war. --- Colonialism. --- Communism. --- Contraband. --- Coromandel Coast. --- Corruption in India. --- Cossack host. --- Death. --- Debasement. --- Devaluation. --- Disaster. --- Disease. --- Edward VIII. --- Enfilade and defilade. --- Epidemic. --- Euboea. --- Eunuch. --- Eurasia. --- Extortion. --- Funeral Blues. --- Greek tragedy. --- Habitat destruction. --- Harry Ransom Center. --- Idiosyncrasy. --- Indian Ocean. --- Industrialisation. --- Infection. --- Inflation. --- Influenza. --- Institution. --- Journey to a War. --- London. --- Lübeck. --- Maghreb. --- Malaria. --- Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo). --- Mamluk. --- Marxism. --- Massacre of the Innocents. --- Measles. --- Mortal sin. --- Mughal Empire. --- Muhammad. --- Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad. --- Ottoman Empire. --- Outbreak. --- Pamphlet. --- Pandemic. --- Pathogen. --- Peasant. --- Persecution. --- Phrygia. --- Plague (disease). --- Plague of Justinian. --- Plague pit. --- Pneumonic plague. --- Poetry. --- Pogrom. --- Postal order. --- Privateer. --- Racism. --- Robin Skelton. --- Rodent. --- Safavid dynasty. --- Sapping. --- Second plague pandemic. --- Serfdom. --- Ship. --- Slash-and-burn. --- Smallpox. --- Smuggling. --- Spice trade. --- Stanza. --- Stephen Spender. --- Sumptuary law. --- Sylvatic plague. --- The Bacchae. --- Triangular trade. --- Typhoid fever. --- Typhus. --- Typographical error. --- War of succession. --- War. --- Warfare. --- World War I. --- World history. --- Yellow fever. --- Yersinia pestis.


Book
The Hudson primer : the ecology of an iconic river
Author:
ISBN: 9786613587299 1280492066 0520952391 9780520952393 9781280492068 9780520269606 0520269608 9780520269613 0520269616 661358729X Year: 2012 Publisher: Berkeley : University of California Press,

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This succinct book gives an intimate view of the day-to-day functioning of a remarkable river that has figured prominently in history and culture-the Hudson, a main artery connecting New York, America, and the world. Writing for a wide audience, David Strayer distills the large body of scientific information about the river into a non-technical overview of its ecology. Strayer describes the geography and geology of the Hudson and its basin, the properties of water and its movements in the river, water chemistry, and the river's plants and animals. He then takes a more detailed look at the Hudson's ecosystems and each of its major habitats. Strayer also discusses important management challenges facing the river today, including pollution, habitat destruction, overfishing, invasive species, and ecological restoration.

Keywords

Restoration ecology --- Water --- Environmental protection --- Nature --- Human ecology --- Natural history --- Stream ecology --- Estuarine health --- History, Natural --- Natural science --- Physiophilosophy --- Biology --- Science --- River ecology --- Freshwater ecology --- Hyporheic zones --- Estuarine environmental health --- Estuary health --- Health, Estuarine --- Ecosystem health --- Ecological restoration --- Ecosystem restoration --- Rehabilitation ecology --- Restoration of ecosystems --- Applied ecology --- Hydrology --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Ecology --- Environment, Human --- Human beings --- Human environment --- Ecological engineering --- Human geography --- Pollution --- Effect of human beings on --- Social aspects --- Effect of environment on --- New York (State) --- Hudson River (N.Y. and N.J.) --- Nyu Yorḳ (State) --- NYS --- Niyū Yūrk (State) --- Nʹi︠u︡-Ĭork (State) --- Shtat Nʹi︠u︡ Ĭork --- State of New York --- State of N. York --- NY (State) --- N.Y. (State) --- N. York (State) --- نيويورك (State) --- ولاية نيويورك --- Wilāyat Niyū Yūrk --- Штат Нью-Ёрк --- Нью-Ёрк (State) --- Ню Йорк (State) --- Nova York (State) --- С̧ӗнӗ Йорк (State) --- Śĕnĕ Ĭork (State) --- Efrog Newydd (State) --- Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá Hahoodzo --- Nííyóó Hahoodzo --- New Yorgi osariik --- Νέα Υόρκη (State) --- Nea Yorkē (State) --- Πολιτεία της Νέας Υόρκης --- Politeia tēs Neas Yorkēs --- Nueva York (State) --- Estado de Nueva York --- Nov-Jorkio --- Ŝtato de Nov-Jorkio --- État de New York --- Nua-Eabhrac (State) --- York Noa (State) --- Eabhraig Nuadh (State) --- Estado de Nova York --- Néu-Yok (State) --- Шин Йорк (State) --- Shin Ĭork (State) --- 뉴욕 주 --- Nyuyok-ju --- 뉴욕 (State) --- Nyuyok (State) --- Nuioka (State) --- Nú Yọk (State) --- Tchiaq York (State) --- New York Isifunda --- New York-fylki --- ניו יורק (State) --- מדינת ניו יורק --- Medinat Nyu Yorḳ --- Stat Evrek Nowydh --- Evrek Nowydh (State) --- Nou Yòk (State) --- Novum Eboracum (State) --- N̦ujorka (State) --- Niujorko valstija --- Niujorkas (State) --- Niorche (State) --- Њујорк (State) --- Njujork (State) --- Yancuīc York (State) --- ニューヨーク州 --- Nyū Yōku-shū --- ニューヨーク (State) --- Nyū Yōku (State) --- New York (Colony) --- Environmental conditions. --- america. --- american culture. --- american history. --- conservation. --- earth sciences. --- ecological restoration. --- ecologists. --- ecology. --- environmental impact. --- fishermen. --- guidebook. --- habitat destruction. --- habitat loss. --- hudson river. --- invasive species. --- new york. --- overfishing. --- plants and animals. --- river ecology. --- river ecosystems. --- river geography. --- river geology. --- river management. --- river plants. --- river pollution. --- river scientists. --- scientists. --- united states. --- water chemistry.

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