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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

extremophiles --- Survivability --- habitability --- Bio-signatures --- Mars --- Icy Moons --- International Space Station

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- Medical microbiology & virology --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- extremophiles --- Survivability --- habitability --- Bio-signatures --- Mars --- Icy Moons --- International Space Station

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The multiverse is a concept that acknowledges the existence of a multiplicity of worlds or universes. The designs of these universes do not have to be the same as our universe, but we have no clear view of what the “other” designs might be. It is suspected that they can obey different laws of physics and different constants of physics, which further implies different chemistry, biology, and life. Some say that the universes within the multiverse allow for different mathematics or even for different metamathematical logic. This book discusses most of the above aspects of the multiverse concept starting with the philosophy, through all the mathematical and physical subtleties, finally exploring the origin of life and consciousness. This book provides a satisfying intellectual exploration of front-edge advances in contemporary cosmology.

multiverse --- Leibniz --- other worlds --- multiverse levels --- habitability --- stars --- quantum cosmology --- origin of the universe --- time reversal symmetry --- planets --- life --- varying constants --- anthropic principle --- multiverse entanglement --- multiverse tests --- mass extinctions --- string theory --- string landscape --- dark energy --- creation from nothing --- soft entry --- quantum gravity --- Wheeler-de Witt-equation --- Bohm-like interpretation --- volume-quantisation --- space atoms --- information storage and transfer --- philosophy of multiverse --- categories of multiverses --- different physics universes --- superstring multiverse --- dark multiverse --- universe-antiuniverse pair creation --- multiverse habitability: stars, planets, life, consciousness --- falsifiability of multiverses

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The multiverse is a concept that acknowledges the existence of a multiplicity of worlds or universes. The designs of these universes do not have to be the same as our universe, but we have no clear view of what the “other” designs might be. It is suspected that they can obey different laws of physics and different constants of physics, which further implies different chemistry, biology, and life. Some say that the universes within the multiverse allow for different mathematics or even for different metamathematical logic. This book discusses most of the above aspects of the multiverse concept starting with the philosophy, through all the mathematical and physical subtleties, finally exploring the origin of life and consciousness. This book provides a satisfying intellectual exploration of front-edge advances in contemporary cosmology.

Research & information: general --- Astronomy, space & time --- multiverse --- Leibniz --- other worlds --- multiverse levels --- habitability --- stars --- quantum cosmology --- origin of the universe --- time reversal symmetry --- planets --- life --- varying constants --- anthropic principle --- multiverse entanglement --- multiverse tests --- mass extinctions --- string theory --- string landscape --- dark energy --- creation from nothing --- soft entry --- quantum gravity --- Wheeler-de Witt-equation --- Bohm-like interpretation --- volume-quantisation --- space atoms --- information storage and transfer --- philosophy of multiverse --- categories of multiverses --- different physics universes --- superstring multiverse --- dark multiverse --- universe-antiuniverse pair creation --- multiverse habitability: stars, planets, life, consciousness --- falsifiability of multiverses

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Boilerplate--the fine-print terms and conditions that we become subject to when we click "I agree" online, rent an apartment, enter an employment contract, sign up for a cellphone carrier, or buy travel tickets--pervades all aspects of our modern lives. On a daily basis, most of us accept boilerplate provisions without realizing that should a dispute arise about a purchased good or service, the nonnegotiable boilerplate terms can deprive us of our right to jury trial and relieve providers of responsibility for harm. Boilerplate is the first comprehensive treatment of the problems posed by the increasing use of these terms, demonstrating how their use has degraded traditional notions of consent, agreement, and contract, and sacrificed core rights whose loss threatens the democratic order. Margaret Jane Radin examines attempts to justify the use of boilerplate provisions by claiming either that recipients freely consent to them or that economic efficiency demands them, and she finds these justifications wanting. She argues, moreover, that our courts, legislatures, and regulatory agencies have fallen short in their evaluation and oversight of the use of boilerplate clauses. To improve legal evaluation of boilerplate, Radin offers a new analytical framework, one that takes into account the nature of the rights affected, the quality of the recipient's consent, and the extent of the use of these terms. Radin goes on to offer possibilities for new methods of boilerplate evaluation and control, among them the bold suggestion that tort law rather than contract law provides a preferable analysis for some boilerplate schemes. She concludes by discussing positive steps that NGOs, legislators, regulators, courts, and scholars could take to bring about better practices.

Standardized terms of contract --- Contracts, Standard --- Contracts, Uniform --- Standard conditions of contract --- Standard contracts --- Standardized contracts --- Uniform conditions of contract --- Uniform contracts --- Uniform terms of contract --- Contracts --- Unconscionable contracts --- Unconscionability of contracts --- European Union. --- NGOs. --- Omri Ben-Shahar. --- Robert Hillman. --- agreement. --- assent. --- automated filtering. --- autonomy theory. --- bargained-for exchange. --- boilerplate clauses. --- boilerplate rights. --- boilerplate. --- breach of contract. --- certifications. --- choice. --- coercion. --- comprehensive regulation. --- conditions. --- consent. --- consumer pushback. --- contract formation. --- contract law. --- contract philosophy. --- contract remedies. --- contract theory. --- contract-as-product theory. --- contract. --- contractual obligation. --- core rights. --- courts. --- democratic degradation. --- disclosure. --- economic efficiency. --- economic loss. --- economic rationality. --- economic theory. --- evaluation. --- fraud. --- habitability. --- heuristic biases. --- human rights. --- hybrid regimes. --- incentives. --- information asymmetry. --- invalid contract formation. --- judicial oversight. --- lawyers. --- legal scholars. --- legislatures. --- liability rules. --- machine bargaining. --- market solutions. --- market-inalienability. --- nonconsent. --- normative degradation. --- piecemeal adjudication. --- political rights. --- private law. --- private ordering. --- private reform. --- private sector. --- problematic consent. --- property rules. --- public ordering. --- radical unexpectedness. --- rating agencies. --- reasonable expectations. --- regulation. --- regulatory agencies. --- reputation. --- residential leases. --- rule of law. --- sheer ignorance. --- social dissemination. --- standardized form contracts. --- technological protection measures. --- terms. --- tort law. --- unconscionability. --- voidness. --- voluntariness. --- voluntary agreement. --- waivers. --- white lists. --- wild-card doctrines.