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The articles in this Special Issue cover a very wide range of topics related to the cultivation, management and use of fast-growing tree species. In addition to research on breeding and on the influence of pruning practices on the height growth of paulownia, three articles deal with the influence of site characteristics and nutrient availability on the physiology and yield security of fast-growing tree species. Another article focuses on the modeling of soil carbon in Salix plantations, while the article by Boruszewski et al. reports on potentially suitable areas for the planting of fast-growing tree species in Poland. Zitzmann and Rode examine the impact of short-rotation plantation management on phytodiversity, while Helbig et al. deal with the influence of leaf feeding on the growth of poplars and willows. Finally, Hernandez-Estrada et al. describe the dry matter loss of poplar wood chips during storage.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- woody biomass crops --- bioenergy --- biodiversity --- species richness --- flora --- vascular plants --- short rotation coppices --- poplars --- willows --- feeding simulation --- defoliation --- herbivory --- short rotation coppice --- phosphatase activity --- nutrient content --- growth stages --- biomass --- willow --- Salix --- capacity --- European larch --- fast-growing trees --- plantations --- plantation area --- poplar cultivar “Hybrid 275” --- sown area --- biomass production --- life cycle assessment --- climate impact --- soil organic carbon --- genotypic difference --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- genome editing --- Populus --- INRA 717-1B4 --- pyramidal plant habitus --- leaf petiole angle --- branch angle --- nitrogen --- phosphorus --- carbon --- physiology --- F. mandshurica --- Robinia pseudoacacia L. --- photosynthetic vitality --- chlorophyll and phenol content --- nutrition supply --- dry matter yield --- land reclamation --- spring pruning --- year-long pruning --- branching --- angle diversion of sprout --- dry matter losses --- poplar wood chips --- laboratory scale --- cultivable saproxylic microbiota --- n/a --- poplar cultivar "Hybrid 275"

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Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.

Research. --- Environmental economics. --- blue prawn --- black tiger shrimp --- economic efficiency --- farming systems --- salinity intrusion --- soil salinity --- white-legged shrimp --- big blue stem --- Cave in rock --- claypan --- forbs --- legumes --- intercropping --- cropping systems --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- millet and sorghum --- diversification --- monocultivar --- mixed-species plantation --- biodiversity --- arthropod --- soil --- on-farm biodiversity indicators --- lupin --- triticale --- weeds --- nitrogen --- convolutional neural network --- light competition --- transfer learning --- growth stages --- mixed cropping --- accumulate growing degree days --- phyllochron --- grass regrowth --- leaf sheaths --- blades --- agricultural sustainability --- crop rotation --- rice --- eco-economic benefit --- externality --- perennial cropping systems --- grape production --- medicinal and aromatic plants --- grapevine yield --- must quality --- experimental design --- aboveground mass --- black medick --- Egyptian clover --- grain yield --- nutrients --- white clover --- foodshed --- archipelago --- city region --- food modelling --- food self-sufficiency --- self-reliance --- food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- crop diversification --- small farms --- HHI-Index --- Poland --- biochar --- sunflower husk --- soil respiration --- soybean --- n/a

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Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.

Research. --- Environmental economics. --- blue prawn --- black tiger shrimp --- economic efficiency --- farming systems --- salinity intrusion --- soil salinity --- white-legged shrimp --- big blue stem --- Cave in rock --- claypan --- forbs --- legumes --- intercropping --- cropping systems --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- millet and sorghum --- diversification --- monocultivar --- mixed-species plantation --- biodiversity --- arthropod --- soil --- on-farm biodiversity indicators --- lupin --- triticale --- weeds --- nitrogen --- convolutional neural network --- light competition --- transfer learning --- growth stages --- mixed cropping --- accumulate growing degree days --- phyllochron --- grass regrowth --- leaf sheaths --- blades --- agricultural sustainability --- crop rotation --- rice --- eco-economic benefit --- externality --- perennial cropping systems --- grape production --- medicinal and aromatic plants --- grapevine yield --- must quality --- experimental design --- aboveground mass --- black medick --- Egyptian clover --- grain yield --- nutrients --- white clover --- foodshed --- archipelago --- city region --- food modelling --- food self-sufficiency --- self-reliance --- food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- crop diversification --- small farms --- HHI-Index --- Poland --- biochar --- sunflower husk --- soil respiration --- soybean --- blue prawn --- black tiger shrimp --- economic efficiency --- farming systems --- salinity intrusion --- soil salinity --- white-legged shrimp --- big blue stem --- Cave in rock --- claypan --- forbs --- legumes --- intercropping --- cropping systems --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- millet and sorghum --- diversification --- monocultivar --- mixed-species plantation --- biodiversity --- arthropod --- soil --- on-farm biodiversity indicators --- lupin --- triticale --- weeds --- nitrogen --- convolutional neural network --- light competition --- transfer learning --- growth stages --- mixed cropping --- accumulate growing degree days --- phyllochron --- grass regrowth --- leaf sheaths --- blades --- agricultural sustainability --- crop rotation --- rice --- eco-economic benefit --- externality --- perennial cropping systems --- grape production --- medicinal and aromatic plants --- grapevine yield --- must quality --- experimental design --- aboveground mass --- black medick --- Egyptian clover --- grain yield --- nutrients --- white clover --- foodshed --- archipelago --- city region --- food modelling --- food self-sufficiency --- self-reliance --- food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- crop diversification --- small farms --- HHI-Index --- Poland --- biochar --- sunflower husk --- soil respiration --- soybean