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Physiotherapy. Alternative treatments --- kinesitherapie --- Orthopaedics. Traumatology. Plastic surgery --- orthopedie --- Hand Strength --- Grip strength --- Préhension --- Préhension --- Hand Strength.

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The importance of environment in the regulation of brain, behaviour and physiology has long been recognized in biological, social and medical sciences. Animals maintained under enriched conditions have clearly been shown to have better learning abilities than those maintained under standard conditions. However, the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) on immunity and emotionality have been less documented and remain questionable. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EE on natural killer (NK) cell activity, psychological stress responses and behavioural parameters. Male C3H mice were housed either in enriched or standard conditions for 6 weeks. Behaviour was then examined by the grip-strength test, staircase and elevated plus maze, and corticosterone levels and NK cell activity were measured. Furthermore, animals exposed to the stress paradigm, achieved by electric shock with reminders, were tested for freezing time in each reminder. Corticosterone levels were also measured. The EE mice showed decreased anxiety-like behaviour and higher activity compared to standard mice, as revealed by a greater percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze, and a higher rate of climbing the staircase. A shorter freezing time in the stress paradigm and no corticosterone level reactivity were measured in EE mice. In addition, NK cell activity in spleens of EE mice was higher than that demonstrated in those of standard mice. Thus, EE has a beneficial effect on anxiety-like behaviour, stress response and NK cell activity. The effect on NK cell activity is promising, due to the role of NK cells in host resistance.

Ability. --- Activity. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Anxiety. --- Behaviour. --- Brain. --- Corticosterone. --- Electric shock. --- Elevated plus maze. --- Emotionality. --- Enriched. --- Enrichment. --- Environment. --- Environmental enrichment. --- Grip-strength test. --- Housing. --- Immunity. --- Learning ability. --- Learning-ability. --- Learning. --- Level. --- Male. --- Mice. --- Natural killer cell. --- Natural. --- Parameters. --- Physiology. --- Psychological stress. --- Reactivity. --- Regulation. --- Resistance. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Shock. --- Social. --- Stress response. --- Stress-response. --- Stress. --- Test. --- Time.

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This Special Issue Book presents a total of 12 papers, encompassing 31 different affiliations, with authors from 12 different countries spanning three different regions of the world (Europe, North America, and Asia).

Lifestyle, sport & leisure --- physical activity --- adolescent --- health promotion --- activePal --- intervention --- FMS --- pubescence --- pediatric population --- fundamental movement --- Heart rate --- interval training --- metabolism --- oxygen consumption --- resistance training --- strength training --- youth --- strength --- training --- muscle mass --- muscle function --- performance --- VO2max --- PACER --- non-exercise test --- obesity indices --- body composition --- grip strength --- preschool children --- joint mobility --- development phases --- sport climbing --- stretching --- pediatric dynapenia --- children --- sprint-interval training --- learning in youths --- acute exercise --- school --- attention --- crunning --- socio-demographic --- cognitive --- fitness-tests --- pelvic floor dysfunction --- women's health --- pelvic floor training --- physical activity --- adolescent --- health promotion --- activePal --- intervention --- FMS --- pubescence --- pediatric population --- fundamental movement --- Heart rate --- interval training --- metabolism --- oxygen consumption --- resistance training --- strength training --- youth --- strength --- training --- muscle mass --- muscle function --- performance --- VO2max --- PACER --- non-exercise test --- obesity indices --- body composition --- grip strength --- preschool children --- joint mobility --- development phases --- sport climbing --- stretching --- pediatric dynapenia --- children --- sprint-interval training --- learning in youths --- acute exercise --- school --- attention --- crunning --- socio-demographic --- cognitive --- fitness-tests --- pelvic floor dysfunction --- women's health --- pelvic floor training

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Neuromechanics has been used to identify optimal rehabilitation protocols that successfully improve motor deficits in various populations, such as elderly people and individuals with neurological diseases (e.g., stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and essential tremor). By investigating structural and functional changes in the central and peripheral nervous systems based on neuromechanical theories and findings, we can expand our knowledge regarding underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and specific motor impairment patterns before and after therapies to further develop new training programs (e.g., non-invasive brain stimulation). Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to present the main contributions of researchers and rehabilitation specialists in biomechanics, motor control, neurophysiology, neuroscience, and rehabilitation science. The current collection provides new neuromechanical approaches addressing theoretical, methodological, and practical topics for facilitating motor recovery progress.

Public health & preventive medicine --- obesity --- gait --- adaptation --- rehabilitation --- resistance training --- arterial stiffness --- pulse wave velocity --- augmentation index --- H:M ratio --- Thomas test --- vertical jump --- Idiopathic Toe Walking --- fall risk --- foot contact dynamics --- foot initial contact --- push-off --- bilateral deficit --- postmenopausal --- hand-grip strength --- dominant hand --- pulse wave analysis --- chronic stroke --- bimanual movement --- bimanual force control --- affect --- physical fitness --- dance-based group exercise --- wearable technology --- smartwatch --- postural stability --- older adults --- stepping on a stair --- time to stabilization --- sedentary behavior --- core stabilization training --- neuromuscular properties --- muscle function --- knee --- neuromuscular control --- force control --- variability --- complexity --- asymmetry --- n/a

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Environmental exposure to metallic neurotoxicants is a matter of growing concern since it may have very significant consequences for human health, from impairing neurodevelopment in children to the neurodegeneration processes involved in aging. The scientific community will face many challenges in identifying and preventing the adverse effects of environmental metal exposure on brain health. This collection of articles provides an overview of current work in the field of neurotoxicology of metal contaminants, from the identification of emerging toxic compounds, to the assessment of environmental exposures and associated risks, through the description of the molecular mechanisms involved in neurotoxicity.

Medicine --- Medical toxicology --- Alzheimer’s disease --- copper --- soil and water pollution --- heavy metals --- morels --- grasspea --- cassava --- neurodegeneration --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- neurological disorders --- metals --- neurotoxicity --- arsenic --- Alzheimer’s disease (AD) --- environmental risk factor --- proteostasis --- apoptosis --- phytochemicals --- grip strength --- neuromotor system --- NHANES --- synapse --- metal --- cadmium --- lead --- manganese --- mercury --- methylmercury --- diet --- cholesterol --- high fat --- low fat --- manganese speciation --- SH-SY5Y --- protein metabolism --- metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants --- cobalt --- systemic cobaltism --- RNA-Seq --- RT-qPCR --- environmental exposure --- cognitive function --- race --- ethnicity --- CERAD --- animal fluency --- DSST --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Alzheimer's disease (AD)