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Energies SI Book "Selected Papers from the ICEUBI2019 – International Congress on Engineering – Engineering for Evolution", groups six papers into fundamental engineering areas: Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Electrotechnical and Mechanical Engineering. ICEUBI—International Congress on Engineering is organized every two years by the Engineering Faculty of Beira Interior University, Portugal, promoting engineering in society through contact among researchers and practitioners from different fields of engineering, and thus encouraging the dissemination of engineering research, innovation, and development. All selected papers are interrelated with energy topics (fundamentals, sources, exploration, conversion, and policies), and provide relevant data for academics, research-focused practitioners, and policy makers.

HVAC --- water-cooled condenser --- air-cooled condenser --- evaporative --- TWI --- turbulence modeling --- supercritical injection --- Liquid Rocket Engines --- energy saving and efficiency --- aerodynamic coefficients --- propulsive efficiency --- bioenergetics --- biomimetics --- grid-tied inverter --- grey wolf optimizer --- PR controllers --- LCL filter --- passive damping --- propeller --- aircraft --- turboprop --- flight efficiency --- flight speed --- hydro-thermal coordination --- Lagrangian relaxation --- Lagrangian dual problem --- Lagrange multipliers --- subgradient methods --- step-size update algorithm

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This book comprises ten articles covering different aspects of power quality issues in microgrids and distributed generation (DG) systems, including 1) Detection and estimation of power quality; 2) Modeling; 3) Harmonic control for DG systems and microgrids; 4) Stability improvements for microgrids. Different power quality phenomena and solution were studied in the included papers, such as harmonics, resonance, frequency deviation, voltage sag, and fluctuation. From a network point of view, some papers studied the harmonic and stability issues in standalone microgrids which are more likely to cause power quality problems. Other papers discussed the power quality problems in microgrids which are weakly interconnected with the main distribution grid. In view of the published papers, there is a trend that increasingly advanced modeling, analysis, and control schemes were applied in the studies. Moreover, the latest works focus not only on single-unit problems but also multiple units or network issues. Although some of the hot topics are not included, this book covers multiple aspects of the current power quality research frontier, and represents a particularly useful reference book for frontier researchers in this field.

power quality improvement --- differential feedforward --- weak grid --- data testing --- distributed generations --- voltage-source converter --- dynamic frequency support --- coordinated control --- grid-connection/island switching process --- virtual damping --- PV generation --- virtual inertia --- autonomous microgrid --- optimal virtual resistor --- multi-inverter system --- standalone microgrid --- unscented Kalman filter --- HVDC --- voltage fluctuation --- solar photovoltaic system --- nonlinear dynamic system --- state estimation --- voltage stability --- diesel generator --- voltage control --- multi-time scale --- sliding mode control --- power system simulation --- stability analysis --- grid impedance --- modeling method --- shunt inverter --- voltage compensation --- 2nd-order lowpass filter --- virtual synchronous generator --- microgrid --- output impedance --- hybrid energy storage --- grid-connected inverter --- parameter identification --- wind farm --- frequency stability --- harmonic suppression --- current source mode (CSM) --- voltage source mode (VSM) --- stand-alone microgrid --- frequency control --- vector control --- power quality control --- grid-tied inverter --- submarine cables --- line commutated converter --- reference current compensation --- power quality --- series inverter --- impedance enhancement

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This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- mobile charging station --- electric vehicle --- operational mode --- location-allocation problem --- battery --- capacitor --- differential flatness --- double-layer capacitor --- energy management --- interleaved converter --- nonlinear control --- second order equation --- supercapacitor --- multi-stack --- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) --- power electronics --- stability analysis --- microgrid --- LQR-PI control --- grid-tied mode --- current imbalance --- power quality --- genetic algorithms --- renewable energy --- consumer planning --- real-time strategy --- consumption monitoring --- energy storage systems --- renewable energy sources --- dynamic programming --- cascaded multilevel inverter --- photovoltaic --- leakage current --- IoT security --- Internet of Vehicles --- IoV --- connected car --- Blockchain Governance Game --- mixed game --- stochastic model --- fluctuation theory --- 51 percent attack --- double feed induction generator --- grid frequency and amplitude support --- smart grid --- wind technology (WT) --- load frequency control --- optimization issue --- moth flame optimizer (MFO) --- Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) --- fuel economy --- load-following --- switching strategy --- real-time optimization --- fuel cell vehicle --- fuel cell system --- automatic generation control --- controllers --- optimization techniques --- multisource power system --- interconnected power system --- hybrid gravitational with fire fly algorithm --- gravitational search algorithm --- firefly algorithm --- mobile charging station --- electric vehicle --- operational mode --- location-allocation problem --- battery --- capacitor --- differential flatness --- double-layer capacitor --- energy management --- interleaved converter --- nonlinear control --- second order equation --- supercapacitor --- multi-stack --- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) --- power electronics --- stability analysis --- microgrid --- LQR-PI control --- grid-tied mode --- current imbalance --- power quality --- genetic algorithms --- renewable energy --- consumer planning --- real-time strategy --- consumption monitoring --- energy storage systems --- renewable energy sources --- dynamic programming --- cascaded multilevel inverter --- photovoltaic --- leakage current --- IoT security --- Internet of Vehicles --- IoV --- connected car --- Blockchain Governance Game --- mixed game --- stochastic model --- fluctuation theory --- 51 percent attack --- double feed induction generator --- grid frequency and amplitude support --- smart grid --- wind technology (WT) --- load frequency control --- optimization issue --- moth flame optimizer (MFO) --- Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) --- fuel economy --- load-following --- switching strategy --- real-time optimization --- fuel cell vehicle --- fuel cell system --- automatic generation control --- controllers --- optimization techniques --- multisource power system --- interconnected power system --- hybrid gravitational with fire fly algorithm --- gravitational search algorithm --- firefly algorithm

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This book presents the latest solutions in fuel cell (FC) and renewable energy implementation in mobile and stationary applications. The implementation of advanced energy management and optimization strategies are detailed for fuel cell and renewable microgrids, and for the multi-FC stack architecture of FC/electric vehicles to enhance the reliability of these systems and to reduce the costs related to energy production and maintenance. Cyber-security methods based on blockchain technology to increase the resilience of FC renewable hybrid microgrids are also presented. Therefore, this book is for all readers interested in these challenging directions of research.

Technology: general issues --- Energy industries & utilities --- mobile charging station --- electric vehicle --- operational mode --- location-allocation problem --- battery --- capacitor --- differential flatness --- double-layer capacitor --- energy management --- interleaved converter --- nonlinear control --- second order equation --- supercapacitor --- multi-stack --- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) --- power electronics --- stability analysis --- microgrid --- LQR-PI control --- grid-tied mode --- current imbalance --- power quality --- genetic algorithms --- renewable energy --- consumer planning --- real-time strategy --- consumption monitoring --- energy storage systems --- renewable energy sources --- dynamic programming --- cascaded multilevel inverter --- photovoltaic --- leakage current --- IoT security --- Internet of Vehicles --- IoV --- connected car --- Blockchain Governance Game --- mixed game --- stochastic model --- fluctuation theory --- 51 percent attack --- double feed induction generator --- grid frequency and amplitude support --- smart grid --- wind technology (WT) --- load frequency control --- optimization issue --- moth flame optimizer (MFO) --- Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) --- fuel economy --- load-following --- switching strategy --- real-time optimization --- fuel cell vehicle --- fuel cell system --- automatic generation control --- controllers --- optimization techniques --- multisource power system --- interconnected power system --- hybrid gravitational with fire fly algorithm --- gravitational search algorithm --- firefly algorithm

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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency