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Exceptional design loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain natural hazards, man-made attacks and accidents, and extreme operational conditions. All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive. Dedicated and refined methods are thus required for design, analysis, and maintenance under structures’ expected lifetimes. Major challenges are related to the structural typology and material properties. Further issues are related to the need for the mitigation or retrofitting of existing structures, or from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no design recommendations are available, and thus experimental investigations can have a key role in the overall process. For this SI, we have invited scientists to focus on the recent advancements and trends in the sustainable design of high-performance buildings and structures. Special attention has been given to materials and systems, but also to buildings and infrastructures that can be subjected to extreme design loads. This can be the case of exceptional natural events or unfavorable ambient conditions. The assessment of hazard and risk associated with structures and civil infrastructure systems is important for the preservation and protection of built environments. New procedures, methods, and more precise rules for safety design and the protection of sustainable structures are, however, needed.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- analytical model --- ductile walls --- shear strength --- capacity reduction --- Eurocode 8 --- concrete --- stainless steel --- reinforcement --- temperature --- thermal expansion --- waste management --- construction demolition waste --- thermochromic --- green building material --- recycled waste material --- corrosion --- deterioration --- stirrup --- beams --- cement-based composites (CBCs) --- compressive strength --- fire exposure --- thermal boundaries --- finite element (FE) numerical modelling --- empirical formulations --- fly ash --- granulated blast-furnace slag --- palm oil fly ash --- ordinary Portland cement --- recycled ceramics --- green mortar --- alkali-activated mix design --- embodied energy --- CO2 emission --- assessment --- earthquake --- Zagreb --- case study --- cultural heritage --- seismic design --- structural glass --- q-factor --- engineering demand parameters (EDPs) --- finite element (FE) numerical models --- non-linear incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) --- cloud analysis --- linear regression --- composites --- timber --- CLT --- load-bearing glass --- friction --- FEM analysis --- beam–column joints --- shear capacity --- cyclic loading --- joint’s numerical modeling --- interior joint --- corner joint --- modified reinforcement technique (MRT) --- beam-column joint --- ferrocement --- crack --- ductility --- displacement --- reinforced concrete --- deep beam --- support vector regression --- metaheuristic optimization

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Exceptional design loads on buildings and structures may have different causes, including high-strain natural hazards, man-made attacks and accidents, and extreme operational conditions. All of these aspects can be critical for specific structural typologies and/or materials that are particularly sensitive. Dedicated and refined methods are thus required for design, analysis, and maintenance under structures’ expected lifetimes. Major challenges are related to the structural typology and material properties. Further issues are related to the need for the mitigation or retrofitting of existing structures, or from the optimal and safe design of innovative materials/systems. Finally, in some cases, no design recommendations are available, and thus experimental investigations can have a key role in the overall process. For this SI, we have invited scientists to focus on the recent advancements and trends in the sustainable design of high-performance buildings and structures. Special attention has been given to materials and systems, but also to buildings and infrastructures that can be subjected to extreme design loads. This can be the case of exceptional natural events or unfavorable ambient conditions. The assessment of hazard and risk associated with structures and civil infrastructure systems is important for the preservation and protection of built environments. New procedures, methods, and more precise rules for safety design and the protection of sustainable structures are, however, needed.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Materials science --- analytical model --- ductile walls --- shear strength --- capacity reduction --- Eurocode 8 --- concrete --- stainless steel --- reinforcement --- temperature --- thermal expansion --- waste management --- construction demolition waste --- thermochromic --- green building material --- recycled waste material --- corrosion --- deterioration --- stirrup --- beams --- cement-based composites (CBCs) --- compressive strength --- fire exposure --- thermal boundaries --- finite element (FE) numerical modelling --- empirical formulations --- fly ash --- granulated blast-furnace slag --- palm oil fly ash --- ordinary Portland cement --- recycled ceramics --- green mortar --- alkali-activated mix design --- embodied energy --- CO2 emission --- assessment --- earthquake --- Zagreb --- case study --- cultural heritage --- seismic design --- structural glass --- q-factor --- engineering demand parameters (EDPs) --- finite element (FE) numerical models --- non-linear incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) --- cloud analysis --- linear regression --- composites --- timber --- CLT --- load-bearing glass --- friction --- FEM analysis --- beam–column joints --- shear capacity --- cyclic loading --- joint’s numerical modeling --- interior joint --- corner joint --- modified reinforcement technique (MRT) --- beam-column joint --- ferrocement --- crack --- ductility --- displacement --- reinforced concrete --- deep beam --- support vector regression --- metaheuristic optimization --- analytical model --- ductile walls --- shear strength --- capacity reduction --- Eurocode 8 --- concrete --- stainless steel --- reinforcement --- temperature --- thermal expansion --- waste management --- construction demolition waste --- thermochromic --- green building material --- recycled waste material --- corrosion --- deterioration --- stirrup --- beams --- cement-based composites (CBCs) --- compressive strength --- fire exposure --- thermal boundaries --- finite element (FE) numerical modelling --- empirical formulations --- fly ash --- granulated blast-furnace slag --- palm oil fly ash --- ordinary Portland cement --- recycled ceramics --- green mortar --- alkali-activated mix design --- embodied energy --- CO2 emission --- assessment --- earthquake --- Zagreb --- case study --- cultural heritage --- seismic design --- structural glass --- q-factor --- engineering demand parameters (EDPs) --- finite element (FE) numerical models --- non-linear incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) --- cloud analysis --- linear regression --- composites --- timber --- CLT --- load-bearing glass --- friction --- FEM analysis --- beam–column joints --- shear capacity --- cyclic loading --- joint’s numerical modeling --- interior joint --- corner joint --- modified reinforcement technique (MRT) --- beam-column joint --- ferrocement --- crack --- ductility --- displacement --- reinforced concrete --- deep beam --- support vector regression --- metaheuristic optimization

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The articles featured in this Special Issue cover different aspects of the design, testing, and application of various types of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. The results of the research, conducted by over 50 international universities and scientific centers, prove the great interest in the SCM topic.

Technology: general issues --- crystalline admixture --- chemical exposure --- sulphuric acid attack --- durability --- Xypex --- fly ash --- substitution strategy --- structural concrete --- steel reinforcement --- limit states --- RC beams in bending --- carbon footprint --- concrete --- carbonation modeling --- calcareous fly ash --- biomass --- wood ash --- fibrocement --- strength --- mortar --- clean coal combustion --- fluidized bed fly ash --- microstructure --- phase composition --- portlandite --- unburned carbon --- slag --- soil stabilization --- embankment --- cement --- lime --- high temperature --- damage --- permeability --- CEMI and CEMIII --- mechanical properties --- alkali-activated concrete --- geopolymer concrete --- flexure --- beams --- fiber-reinforced concrete --- crack spacing --- tension stiffening --- bamboo ash --- supplementary materials --- elevated temperature --- high volume fly ash (HVFA) --- steel reinforcing fiber --- jacketing --- environmental impact --- fibre reinforced --- alkali-activated --- strain hardening --- recycled cementitious supplementary material --- comprehensive concrete recycling --- recycled fine fraction --- rehydration reactivity --- compressive strength --- ground granulated blast furnace slag --- apparent activation energy --- equivalent age --- construction debris --- recycling --- circular economy --- eco-friendly concretes --- fly ash (FA) --- silica fume (SF) --- palm oil fuel ash (POFA) --- rice husk ash (RHA) --- sewage sludge ash (SSA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) --- mine tailings --- marble dust --- construction and demolition debris (CDD) --- porous feldspar --- activation --- substitute material --- energy saving concrete --- calcined clay --- binder --- supplementary cementitious materials --- cement-based materials --- steatite --- wood particles --- Portland cement --- fire performance --- tensile strength --- micro-silica/silica fume --- steel fiber --- high performance concrete (HPC) --- self-consolidating concrete (SCC) --- flowability --- freeze-thaw cycle --- fire resistance --- bentonite --- clays --- cryogenic condition --- GGBS --- thermal conductivity --- semi-adiabatic test --- n/a --- Technology.

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The innovations in construction materials that have been made due to the development of different varieties of concrete have led to innovations in structural applications and design. This Special Issue mainly focuses on state-of-the-art research progress in high-performance concrete, including the effect and characteristics of fibers on the properties of high-performance concrete, the CO2 curing efficiency of high-performance cement composites, and the effect of nano materials when used in ultra-high-performance concrete. This Special Issue also contains two comprehensive review articles covering the following topics: the role of supplementary cementitious materials in ultra-high-performance concrete and recent progress in nanomaterials in cement-based materials. Readers working towards conducting research on innovative construction materials will be exposed to findings related to this topic in this Special Issue.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- ultrahigh-performance concrete --- nanosilica --- dynamic light scattering --- zeta potential --- pore solution --- alkali-activator --- GGBFS --- Na2O content --- Ms (SiO2/Na2O) --- workability --- setting time --- steel fiber --- fiber content --- aspect ratio --- toughness index --- high-strength concrete --- fibers --- smart materials --- fiber/matrix bond --- physical properties --- heat treatment --- alkali-activated material --- calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive additive --- concrete shrinkage --- modulus of elasticity --- shrinkage stress --- SIFRCC --- fiber volume fraction --- direct tensile strength --- energy absorption capacity --- direct tensile test --- carbon nanotubes --- cement-based materials --- concrete infrastructure --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- mechanical strength --- nanomaterials --- nano-Al2O3 --- nano-Fe2O3 --- nano-SiO2 --- nano-TiO2 --- smart infrastructure --- slurry-infiltrated fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- compressive stress --- stress-strain relationship --- filling slurry matrix --- bio-slime --- sulfate attack --- chloride attack --- service life --- multi-layer diffusion --- repair --- concrete --- dynamic compression --- Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SPHB) --- brittle materials --- simulation --- calcined zeolite sand --- ultra-high-performance concrete --- pre-wetted --- autogenous shrinkage --- internal curing --- reactive powder concrete --- strength --- basalt fibers --- abrasion --- porosity --- microscopic image processing --- X-ray CT analysis --- porous cementitious materials --- 3D tomographic image --- CO2 curing --- size effect --- colloidal silica --- cement-based material --- casting method --- ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete --- densified silica fume --- agglomeration --- pozzolanic reaction --- densification --- alternative alkali-activated material --- ground granulated blast-furnace slag --- strength development --- CSA expansive additive --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- temperature --- high performance concrete (HPC) --- C-shape magnetic probe test --- fibre orientation angle --- flexural test --- attenuation factor --- ultra-high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete --- multiscale finite element modeling --- multi-point constraint --- multi-scale interface connection --- concrete damage plasticity model --- ABAQUS --- ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- flowability --- shrinkage --- railway sleeper --- static bending test --- numerical simulation --- structural performance --- high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) --- polypropylene fiber (PP) --- polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) --- residual flexural strength --- splitting tensile strength --- ultrahigh-performance concrete --- nanosilica --- dynamic light scattering --- zeta potential --- pore solution --- alkali-activator --- GGBFS --- Na2O content --- Ms (SiO2/Na2O) --- workability --- setting time --- steel fiber --- fiber content --- aspect ratio --- toughness index --- high-strength concrete --- fibers --- smart materials --- fiber/matrix bond --- physical properties --- heat treatment --- alkali-activated material --- calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive additive --- concrete shrinkage --- modulus of elasticity --- shrinkage stress --- SIFRCC --- fiber volume fraction --- direct tensile strength --- energy absorption capacity --- direct tensile test --- carbon nanotubes --- cement-based materials --- concrete infrastructure --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- mechanical strength --- nanomaterials --- nano-Al2O3 --- nano-Fe2O3 --- nano-SiO2 --- nano-TiO2 --- smart infrastructure --- slurry-infiltrated fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- compressive stress --- stress-strain relationship --- filling slurry matrix --- bio-slime --- sulfate attack --- chloride attack --- service life --- multi-layer diffusion --- repair --- concrete --- dynamic compression --- Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SPHB) --- brittle materials --- simulation --- calcined zeolite sand --- ultra-high-performance concrete --- pre-wetted --- autogenous shrinkage --- internal curing --- reactive powder concrete --- strength --- basalt fibers --- abrasion --- porosity --- microscopic image processing --- X-ray CT analysis --- porous cementitious materials --- 3D tomographic image --- CO2 curing --- size effect --- colloidal silica --- cement-based material --- casting method --- ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete --- densified silica fume --- agglomeration --- pozzolanic reaction --- densification --- alternative alkali-activated material --- ground granulated blast-furnace slag --- strength development --- CSA expansive additive --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- temperature --- high performance concrete (HPC) --- C-shape magnetic probe test --- fibre orientation angle --- flexural test --- attenuation factor --- ultra-high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete --- multiscale finite element modeling --- multi-point constraint --- multi-scale interface connection --- concrete damage plasticity model --- ABAQUS --- ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- flowability --- shrinkage --- railway sleeper --- static bending test --- numerical simulation --- structural performance --- high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) --- polypropylene fiber (PP) --- polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) --- residual flexural strength --- splitting tensile strength

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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The innovations in construction materials that have been made due to the development of different varieties of concrete have led to innovations in structural applications and design. This Special Issue mainly focuses on state-of-the-art research progress in high-performance concrete, including the effect and characteristics of fibers on the properties of high-performance concrete, the CO2 curing efficiency of high-performance cement composites, and the effect of nano materials when used in ultra-high-performance concrete. This Special Issue also contains two comprehensive review articles covering the following topics: the role of supplementary cementitious materials in ultra-high-performance concrete and recent progress in nanomaterials in cement-based materials. Readers working towards conducting research on innovative construction materials will be exposed to findings related to this topic in this Special Issue.

ultrahigh-performance concrete --- nanosilica --- dynamic light scattering --- zeta potential --- pore solution --- alkali-activator --- GGBFS --- Na2O content --- Ms (SiO2/Na2O) --- workability --- setting time --- steel fiber --- fiber content --- aspect ratio --- toughness index --- high-strength concrete --- fibers --- smart materials --- fiber/matrix bond --- physical properties --- heat treatment --- alkali-activated material --- calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansive additive --- concrete shrinkage --- modulus of elasticity --- shrinkage stress --- SIFRCC --- fiber volume fraction --- direct tensile strength --- energy absorption capacity --- direct tensile test --- carbon nanotubes --- cement-based materials --- concrete infrastructure --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- mechanical strength --- nanomaterials --- nano-Al2O3 --- nano-Fe2O3 --- nano-SiO2 --- nano-TiO2 --- smart infrastructure --- slurry-infiltrated fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite --- compressive stress --- stress-strain relationship --- filling slurry matrix --- bio-slime --- sulfate attack --- chloride attack --- service life --- multi-layer diffusion --- repair --- concrete --- dynamic compression --- Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars (SPHB) --- brittle materials --- simulation --- calcined zeolite sand --- ultra-high-performance concrete --- pre-wetted --- autogenous shrinkage --- internal curing --- reactive powder concrete --- strength --- basalt fibers --- abrasion --- porosity --- microscopic image processing --- X-ray CT analysis --- porous cementitious materials --- 3D tomographic image --- CO2 curing --- size effect --- colloidal silica --- cement-based material --- casting method --- ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete --- densified silica fume --- agglomeration --- pozzolanic reaction --- densification --- alternative alkali-activated material --- ground granulated blast-furnace slag --- strength development --- CSA expansive additive --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- temperature --- high performance concrete (HPC) --- C-shape magnetic probe test --- fibre orientation angle --- flexural test --- attenuation factor --- ultra-high-performance steel fiber-reinforced concrete --- multiscale finite element modeling --- multi-point constraint --- multi-scale interface connection --- concrete damage plasticity model --- ABAQUS --- ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) --- supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- flowability --- shrinkage --- railway sleeper --- static bending test --- numerical simulation --- structural performance --- high performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRC) --- polypropylene fiber (PP) --- polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) --- residual flexural strength --- splitting tensile strength