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African languages --- Grammar --- -Grammaticalization --- Grammaticalization. --- Grammaticalization
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This groundbreaking study examines the historical development of the Semitic languages from the point of view of grammaticalization, the linguistic process whereby lexical items and constructions lose their lexical meaning and serve grammatical functions. The author first provides an introduction to this process, followed by a comprehensive overview--with abundant examples from ancient and modern languages--of how it is exemplified in Semitic. Three successive chapters are devoted to in-depth studies of specific cases of grammaticalization: the definite article in Central Semitic, direct object markers across Semitic, and present tense prefixes in modern Arabic and Aramaic dialects. Drawing on evidence from many non-Semitic languages, from recent developments in the field of historical linguistics, and from traditional comparative Semitics, this book represents a major contribution to the field of comparative Semitics.
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Im Rahmen der in den vergangenen Jahren immer intensiver geführten Debatte über die Wege und Prozesse des Sprachwandels kommt den Begriffen Grammatikalisierung, Reanalyse bzw. Reinterpretation ein besonderer Stellenwert zu. Es hat allerdings den Anschein, als ob in bezug auf die Begrifflichkeit ein gewisses Maß an Konfusion herrscht. Sind Grammatikalisierung und Reanalyse einander ausschließende oder ergänzende Begriffe? Inwieweit implizieren Grammatikalisierungsprozesse Reanalyse und was unterscheidet beide Prozesse voneinander? Ausgehend von konkreten Beispielen aus den romanischen Sprachen nähern sich die Beiträge dieses Sammelbandes, der aus der Sektion »Zwischen Lexikon und Grammatik. Reanalyse in den romanischen Sprachen« beim Romanistentag in Jena 1997 hervorgegangen ist, der Fragestellung aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen. Neue Einsichten in die beiden Sprachwandelprozessen zugrunde liegenden kognitiven und sprachlichen Mechanismen vermitteln insbesondere diejenigen Beiträge, die Reanalyse und Grammatikalisierung mit Hilfe semantisch-pragmatischer Kriterien analysieren. In the context of the increasingly lively debate on paths and processes operative in language change, the concepts grammaticalization and reanalysis/reinterpretation are especially crucial. There does however appear to be a certain degree of confusion about what these terms actually refer to. Are grammaticalization and reanalysis mutually exclusive, or are they complementary? To what extent do grammaticalization processes imply reanalysis, and what is that distinguishes these two processes? On the basis of concrete examples from the Romance languages the articles assembled in this volume (a fruit of the Section titled »Between Lexicon and Grammar. Reanalysis in the Romance Languages« at the Romance Languages Conference in Jena in 1997) approach these questions from a variety of angles. New insights into the cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underlying these two processes in language change come notably from those studies analyzing reanalysis and grammaticalization with the aid of semantico-pragmatic criteria.
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Grammaticalization has often been described as a gradual phenomenon. While many studies have discussed the quantitative aspects of grammaticalization, there has been little to no work that has tried to propose a way of measuring degrees of grammaticalization. This book addresses this gap by proposing a corpus-based approach to the measurement of grammaticalization, using binary logistic regression modelling. Such an approach has theoretical benefits as it can provide empirical evidence for the gradience and gradualness of grammaticalization. It can help substantiate observations that have been done on the basis of case studies so far, such as the hypothesized unidirectionality of grammaticalization. In addition, as the methods proposed in this book rely on corpus-based data only, it offers a way of comparing grammaticalization across multiple languages, which is currently a challenging endeavour. What this book hopes to achieve is to start a discussion on the measurement of grammaticalization. To draw a parallel, the field of morphological productivity has greatly benefited from the discussions (and disputes) regarding how its object of study should be measured, and I believe that so will the field of grammaticalization.
Gradience. --- Gradualness. --- Grammaticalization. --- E-books
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This volume intends to fill the gap in the grammaticalization studies setting as its goal the systematic description of grammaticalization processes in genealogically and structurally diverse languages. To address the problem of the limitations of the secondary sources for grammaticalization studies, the editors rely on sketches of grammaticalization phenomena from experts in individual languages guided by a typological questionnaire.
Grammaticalization, Language Typology --- Grammatik --- Linguistik
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This volume on grammaticalization focuses on new theoretical and methodological challenges underpinning language change. It provides new approaches and insights deepening our understanding of the cognitive, pragmatic, and socio-cultural mechanisms that trigger the formation and the transformation of grammars.
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Grâce à de nouveaux concepts, et en particulier à celui de « grammaticalisation », d'immenses progrès ont été faits depuis vingt ans dans la connaissance de la manière dont les langues évoluent. La « grammaticalisation » est un processus par lequel des mots du lexique se transforment en unités grammaticales, renouvelant ainsi la grammaire des langues. Très féconde, l'approche de ce phénomène a permis de décrire et d'expliquer un très grand nombre de changements dans les langues les plus diverses, et de réinterpréter des analyses plus anciennes. Le concept de « grammaticalisation » permet d'articuler histoire interne et histoire externe, de repenser la relation entre synchronie et diachronie, entre langue et parole, et de redéfinir les rapports entre lexique et grammaire. Accordant une place capitale aux phénomènes pragmatiques et cognitifs, les études faites dans ce cadre ont su révéler dans l'évolution des langues des processus réguliers qui permettent de mieux comprendre la faculté de langage, et de repenser l'origine des langues. Cet ouvrage offre une présentation d'ensemble du cadre théorique de la « grammaticalisation », il situe ce phénomène au sein d'une typologie des changements linguistiques, et en approfondit divers aspects à travers l'étude de cas concrets. Cette synthèse s'adresse aux étudiants en lettres et en linguistique qui suivent des cours sur le changement linguistique et la linguistique historique (Doctorat, Master-2, Master-1, Licence).
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