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In this work, thermal grooving experiments were performed on anode microstructures, Ni polycrystals and Ni bicrystals. The grain boundary grooves were measured by means of an AFM. The results provide for the first time reliable values as well as the complete anisotropy of the relevant material parameters - the relative grain boundary energies and the surface diffusion coefficients - of nickel under realistic operating conditions of an SOFC anode.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- solid oxide fuel cell --- grain boundary energy --- Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle --- SOFC --- Nickel --- Diffusion --- Korngrenzenergie

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The topic of diffusion science becomes more and more important: this collection of timely papers is divided into seven chapters. The first three are dedicated to macroscopic and microscopic theories of diffusion. Chapter 4 is dedicated to diffusion in nanomaterials,while chapter 5 is devoted to the topic of diffusion along grain and interphase boundaries. This second topic is, of course, not new: it has been discussed for many years, but new themes have evolved in recent times in connection with segregation and stress effects upon grain-boundary diffusion. Both effects become more and more inf

Kirkendall effect --- Diffusion --- Bulk diffusion --- Diffusion in solids --- Grain boundary diffusion --- Lattice diffusion --- Pipe diffusion --- Solids --- Volume diffusion

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The continued development of advanced materials and processes requires an intimate understanding of diffusion mechanisms, and having the ability to model the diffusion-controlled phenomena which occur within materials during processing. This special volume focuses on the identification and modeling of various diffusion mechanisms and phenomena occurring in the advanced materials used in structural, electronic and other applications, as well as those taking place during processes such as deposition, solidification and heat-treatment. The fundamental aspects discussed include: diffusion in nanom

Diffusion --- Kirkendall effect --- Materials --- Bulk diffusion --- Diffusion in solids --- Grain boundary diffusion --- Lattice diffusion --- Pipe diffusion --- Solids --- Volume diffusion

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In experiments on metallic microwires, size effects occur as a result of the interaction of dislocations with, e.g., grain boundaries. In continuum theories this behavior can be approximated using gradient plasticity. A numerically efficient geometrically linear gradient plasticity theory is developed considering the grain boundaries and implemented with finite elements. Simulations are performed for several metals in comparison to experiments and discrete dislocation dynamics simulations.

Finite element method --- Microwires --- Einkristallplastizität --- Finite Elemente MethodeGradient plasticity --- Korngrenzeffekte --- Single-crystal plasticity --- Mikrodrähte --- Grain boundary influence --- Gradientenplastizität

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A physically-based dislocation theory of plasticity is derived within an extended continuum mechanical context. Thermodynamically consistent flow rules at the grain boundaries are derived. With an analytical solution of a three-phase periodic laminate, dislocation pile-up at grain boundaries and dislocation transmission through the grain boundaries are investigated. For the finite element implementations, numerically efficient approaches are introduced based on accumulated field variables.

Mechanical engineering & materials --- Gradienten-Kristallplastizität --- Erweiterte Kontinuumstheorie --- Kontinuumsversetzungstheorie --- Korngrenzmodellierung --- Finite Elemente Methode --- Gradient Crystal Plasticity --- Extended Continuum Theory --- Continuum Dislocation Theory --- Grain Boundary Modeling --- Finite Element Method