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Cell culture --- Tissue culture --- Plant breeding --- REGENERATION (BIOLOGIE) --- ANGIOSPERMS --- MORPHOGENESIS --- TRANSFORMATION --- CROWN GALL --- MARKERS --- CHLOROPLASTS --- PROTEINS --- PROTOPLASTS --- ANTHERS --- POLLEN --- EMBRYOS --- SELECTION --- NATURAL PRODUCTS --- TISSUE CULTURE --- MOSSES --- CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATES --- CELL DIVISION --- GLYOXALASE --- BANKS --- CRYOPRESERVATION --- GERMPLASM --- BREEDING --- CULTURES --- PLANT CELLS --- IMPROVEMENT --- FARM CROPS --- BIOSYNTHESIS

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Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Verbenaceae --- isoprenoids --- β-caryophyllene --- flavonoids --- anthocyanins --- antiradical capacity --- DPPH --- maqui --- murta --- calafate --- arrayán --- Chilean strawberry --- berries --- functional foods --- Mangifera indica --- mango --- UPLC --- ESI-MS --- polyphenols --- xanthonoids --- gallotannins --- hydroxybenzophenones --- mass spectrometry --- antioxidant --- antitumoral --- corn silk --- cumin --- tamarind --- aqueous extracts --- form --- postprandial glycemia --- postprandial insulinemia --- advanced glycation end products --- anti-glycation --- glycative stress --- glyoxalase --- methylglyoxal --- cytokine --- nutrients --- food composition --- African --- Caribbean --- macronutrients --- energy --- vitamins and minerals --- wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit --- blackthorn --- phenolic compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramides --- lipids --- functional food --- nutraceuticals --- traditional food --- Mediterranean diet --- Nordic diet --- overweight --- obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- bioactive phytochemicals

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Food cannot be only considered a combination of constituents with different nutritional values, but its relevance for humans can be fully understood by also taking into account other aspects such as history, culture, ecology, and the environment. Overall, assuming that access to food is secured for all people, traditional dietary patterns are considered safe in terms of longevity, healthy ageing, and morbidity. Indeed, healthy diets have been associated with a reduced risk and incidence of chronic degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, certain types of cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. In general, healthy dietary habits include a low consumption of refined sugars, red meat, and saturated fats, as well as a high intake of fruit, vegetables, legumes, low-fat dairy products, and healthy lipids (from seafood). As an example, the Mediterranean diet can be considered the archetype of a health-promoting lifestyle by virtue of the phytochemical diversity of its food components.

Verbenaceae --- isoprenoids --- β-caryophyllene --- flavonoids --- anthocyanins --- antiradical capacity --- DPPH --- maqui --- murta --- calafate --- arrayán --- Chilean strawberry --- berries --- functional foods --- Mangifera indica --- mango --- UPLC --- ESI-MS --- polyphenols --- xanthonoids --- gallotannins --- hydroxybenzophenones --- mass spectrometry --- antioxidant --- antitumoral --- corn silk --- cumin --- tamarind --- aqueous extracts --- form --- postprandial glycemia --- postprandial insulinemia --- advanced glycation end products --- anti-glycation --- glycative stress --- glyoxalase --- methylglyoxal --- cytokine --- nutrients --- food composition --- African --- Caribbean --- macronutrients --- energy --- vitamins and minerals --- wild Italian Prunus spinosa L. fruit --- blackthorn --- phenolic compounds --- antimicrobial --- ceramides --- lipids --- functional food --- nutraceuticals --- traditional food --- Mediterranean diet --- Nordic diet --- overweight --- obesity --- cardiovascular disease --- bioactive phytochemicals

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The chemistry of nickel in biological systems has been intensely investigated since the discovery of the essential role played by this transition metal in the enzyme urease, ca. 1975. Since then, several nickel-dependent enzymes have been discovered and characterized at the molecular level using structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic methods, and insight into reaction mechanisms has been elaborated using synthetic and computational models. The dual role of nickel as both an essential nutrient and as a toxin has prompted efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of nickel toxicology and to uncover the means by which cells select nickel from among a pool of different and more readily available metal ions and thus regulate the intracellular chemistry of nickel. This latter effort highlights the importance of proteins involved in the extra- and intra-cellular sensing of nickel, the roles of nickel-selective proteins for import and export, and nickel-responsive transcription factors, all of which are important for regulating nickel homeostasis. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors have covered recent advances in many of these aspects of nickel biochemistry, including toxicology, bacterial pathogenesis, carcinogenesis, computational and synthetic models, nickel trafficking proteins, and enzymology.

Research & information: general --- InrS --- nickel-dependent transcriptional regulators --- molecular modelling --- nickel --- hydrogenase --- urease --- Ni-enzymes --- pathogens --- ncRNA --- miRNA --- lncRNA --- lung carcinogenesis --- histidine-rich protein --- carbon monoxide dehydrogenase --- nickel chaperone --- nickel-induced oligomerization --- urease maturation --- metallochaperone --- G-protein --- conformational change --- bioavailability --- carcinogenicity --- genotoxicity --- allergy --- reproductive --- asthma --- nanoparticles --- ecotoxicity --- environment --- biological nickel sites --- nickel-thiolates --- dinuclear nickel metallopeptides --- thiolate oxidative damage --- nickel enzymes --- reaction mechanism --- quantum chemical calculations --- glyoxalase --- streptomyces --- mycothiol --- metalloenzyme --- AD11 --- nickel-dependent enzyme --- methionine salvage pathway --- methionine --- S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) --- methylthioadenosine (MTA) --- enolase phosphatase 1 (ENOPH1) --- polyamine --- matrix metalloproteinase MT1 (MT1-MMP) --- metalloregulator --- chaperone --- [NiFe]-hydrogenase

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This Special Issue provides 15 research articles and 4 comprehensive review articles on various aspects of plant–metal/metalloid interactions. - Up-to-date information on plant responses to metals/metalloids are published. - Various mechanisms of plant tolerance to metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are presented. - Exogenous applications of mitigating metals’/metalloids’ toxicity are discussed. - Sustainable technologies in growing plants in metal/metalloid-contaminated environments are discussed. - Phytoremediation techniques for the remediation of metals/metalloids are discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Botany & plant sciences --- metal stress --- toxicity --- silicon --- Si-fertilization --- genomics --- transporter genes --- cadmium toxicity --- oxidative stress --- antioxidative defense system --- photosynthetic pigments --- environmental pollution --- phytoextraction --- cadmium --- biostimulation --- oxidative damage --- metal toxicity --- sulphur nutrition --- stress mitigation --- cation exchange capacity --- glutathione --- agriculture --- Cd stress --- environmental --- gene expression --- PGPB --- switchgrass --- P. fasciculatum --- heavy metals --- tolerant plant --- protein carbonylation --- photosynthesis proteins --- mining soils --- thiols --- phenolic metabolites --- organic acids --- lead --- castor beans --- citric acid --- antioxidant enzyme --- antioxidant system --- ethylene --- glyoxalase system --- photosynthesis --- proline metabolism --- zinc --- jute varieties --- copper stress --- phytoremediation --- bioaccumulation factor --- translocation factor --- growth --- copper toxicity --- micronutrient deficiency --- iron --- nicotianamine --- histidine --- Cu-chelation --- lead pollution --- antioxidants --- bentonite --- grain biochemistry --- biochar --- maize hybrids --- nickel --- nutrients --- translocation --- heavy metal --- reactive oxygen species --- oxidative burst --- Rhododendron arboreum --- Vigna radiata --- enzymes activity --- chromium (Cr) --- polyphenols --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- methylglyoxal --- organic acid --- ripening physiology --- silver --- chemical elicitors --- chili --- fibrous crop --- environmental pollutants --- morphological traits --- soil remediation --- chelating agents --- chromium --- wastewater --- sunflower --- biomass --- chlorophyll contents